1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案范文

1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案I.Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET,(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught_therainyesterday.A.inB.byC.withD.atANSWER:(A)l.Thosetwofamilieshavebeenquarrelling__eachotherformanyyears.A.toB.betweenC.againstD.with2.Therearemanythingswhosemisuseisdangerous,buritishardtothinkofanythingthatcanbecompared___A.inB.withC.amongD.by3."Howoftenhaveyouseencaseslikethis?"onesurgeonaskedanother."Oh,__times,Iguess,"wasthereply.A.hundredofB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundred4.Givemeyourtelephonenumber__Ineedyourhelp.A.whetherB.unlessC.sothatD.incase5.Yousangwelllastnight.Wehopeyou'llsing__.A.morebetterB.stillbetterC.nicelyD.best6.Thosepeople__ageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.A.lackofB.arelackingofC.lackD.areinlack7.Aloneinadeserthouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt__lonely.A.nothingbutB.anythingbutC.allbutD.everythingbut8.Grace__tearswhensheheardthesadnews.A.brokeinB.brokeintoC.brokeoffD.brokethrough9.Sherefusedto__thecarkeystoherhusbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafetybelt.A.handinB.handoutC.handdownD.down10.MichaelfounditdifficulttogethisBritishjokes__toAmericanaudiences.A.aroundB.overC.acrossD.down11.Thebookcontainedalarge__ofinformation.A.dealB.amountC.numberD.sum12.Nowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerinreasonable_tothetotalcostoftheprod-uct.A.proportionB.correlationC.connectionD.correspondence13.Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto_herumbrella.A.carryB.fetchC.bringD.reach14.Wemust_thattheexperimentiscontrolledasrigidlyaspossible.A.assure.B.secureC.ensureD.issue15.Hewasknockeddownbyacarandbadly_A.injuredB.damagedC.harmedD.ruinedⅡ.Eachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswer.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachoftheques-tions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)1InMayl989,spaceshuttle"Atlantis"releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe"Megallan",whichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsystem,infact,thatevencomesclosetoearth'ssize.Venushasasimilardensity,soitisproba-blymadeofapproximatelythesanlestuff,andithasanatmosphere,completewithclouds.Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof"earth'stwin."ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.Addedtothatisanatmosphericpres-sureabout90timesEarth's:Highoverheadinthecarbondioxidethatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhapsIOto20milesthick,whoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2SO4).Waterisallbutnonexistent.Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydifferent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimateofearth.Ithasnoearth'soceans,sotheheattrans-portandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,soincomingheatfromthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.16.VenusissimilartoEarthin__A.sizeanddensityB.distancefromthesunC.havingatmosphereD.alloftheabove17.ThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshouldbeto__A.allowustovisitthereB.understandEarthbetterC.findanewsourceofenergyD.promoteanewspaceprogram18.Themainideaofthispassageisabout_A.problemsofspacetravelB.scientificmethodsinspaceexplorationC.theimportanceofVenustoEarthD.conditionsonVenus2TouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome'smainavenues.Italy'spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,OOOwomeninaparadingproces-sionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome.Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeats,thewomenhadcometothecapi-talfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor"ajobforeachofus,adifferenttypeofjob,andasoci-etywithoutviolence".Sofar,actiontoimprovewomen'sopportunitiesinemploymenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrtalbargaining."Butthereisagrowingawarenessthatthisisnotenough,"saysaresearcheronfemalelaboratthegovemment-fundedInstitutefortheDevelop-mentofProfessionalTrainingforWorkers.Women,whoconstitute52percentofItaly'spopulation,todayrepresentonly35percentofItaly'stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.However,theirpresenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpandingconsiderablyinservices,nexttothepublicadministrationandcommerceastheirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomadesignificantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenaregoingintobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowingoverallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothatbanksandotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgementsonpurelybusinesscon-siderationswithoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.Suchchangesareoccurringintheprofessionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctors,dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversityprofessorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexample,womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstatepolice,railwayworkersandstreetcleaner.However,thepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactotythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnowdemanded.19.Theexpression"snakethroughcentralRome"probablymeans"tomove_A.quietlythroughcentralRome"B.violentlythroughcentralRome"C.inalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome"D.ataleisurelypacethroughcentralRome"20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.TherearemorewomenthanmeninItaly.B.InItaly,womenarechieflyemployedinservices.C.InItaly,womenarestillatadisadvantageinemployment.D.InItaly,abouttwo-thirdsofthejobsareheldbymen.21.About200,OOOwomeninRomedemonstratedfor_A.morejobopportunitiesB.agreatervarietyofjobsC."equaljob,equalpay"D.bothAandB22.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_A.TheRoleofWomenisSocietyB.WomenDemonstrateforEqualityinEmploymentC.WomenasSelf-enlployedProfessionalsD.WomenandtheJobsMarket3"Theoldideathattalantedchildren"burnthemselvesout"intheearlyyears,and,therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatworst,mentalillnessifunfounded.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightkidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.Tofindthisout,l,500giftedpersonswerefolloweduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwiththeseresults:.Onadultintelligencetests,theyscoredashighastheyhadaschildren.Theywere,asagroup,ingoodhealth,physicallyandmentally.84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedandseemedcontentwiththeirlives.About70percenthadgraduatedfromcollege,thoughonly30percenthadgraduatedwithhonors.Afewhadevendroppedout,butnearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.Ofthemen,80percentwereinoneoftheprofessionsorinbusinessmanagementorsemiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohadremainedsinglehadoffice,business,orprofessionaloccupations.Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1,500articlesinscientific,scholarly,andliterarymagazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100patents.Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadlyeither.Averageincomewasconsiderablyhighera-mongthegiftedpeople,especiallythemen,thanforthecountryasawhole,despitetheircom-parativeyouth.Infact,farfrombeingstrange,mostofthegiftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseintoprac-ticalreality.23.Theoldideathattalentedchildren"bumthemselvesout"intheearlyyearsis_A.trueinallsensesB.refutedbytheauthorC.medicallyprovenD.abeliefoftheauthor24.ThesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadetoA.findoutwhathadhappenedtotalentedchildrenwhentheybecameadultsB.provethattalentedchildren"burnthemselvesout"intheearlyyearsC.discoverthepercentageofthosementaUyillamongthegiftedD.provethattalentedchildrenneverbumthemselvesout25.Intelligencetestsshowedthat_A.brightchildrenwereunlikelytobementallyhealthyB.betweenchildhoodandadulthoodtherewasaconsiderablelossofintelligenceC.talentedchildrenweremostlikeLytobecomegiftedadultsD.whentalentedchildrengrewintoadults,theymadelowscoresⅢ.ForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabelledA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSrmET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(1Opoint)Nooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwouldbelikeintheyear2001.Manybookshavebeenwritten_26__thefuture.Butthe19th-centuryFrenchnovelistJulesVememaybecalledafuturologistinthefullest_27__oftheword.Inhisfantasticnovels"ATriptotheMoon"and"80DaysAroundtheWorld",hedescribed'withdetailtheaeroplaneandeventhehelicopter.Thesenovelsstillhaveagreatattraction_28__youngreadersoftodaybecauseoftheirboldimaginationandscientificaccuracy.Belowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewillbeintheyear2001aspredictedbya_29___writ-er.In2001,inthehome,cookerswillbesetsothatyoucancookacompletemealatthetouchofaswitch.Televisionwillprovideinformationonpricesatthe_30__shopsaswellasnewsandenter-tainment.Videophoneswillbringpicturesaswellas_31____totelephoneconversations.Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,entertainment,securityalarms,laundryandgardening.Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellaswallpaper.Atwork,robotswilltake_32___mostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesarlleage.Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewillbecomethecenterofentertainmentthroughtelevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants_33_theydotoday;al-sotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.Newsyntheticfoodswillforma_34____partofpeople'sdiets.Foreigntravelwill_35__;winterholidayswillbecomemorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwillbecomeincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.26.A.inB.ofC.aboutD.for27.A.senseB.meaningC.detailD.implication28.A.forB.ofC.onD.towards29.A.todayB.nowadaysC.present-dayD.present30.A.nearB.nearbyC.nearlyD.nearer31.A.noiseB.soundC.toneD.tune32.A.toB.awayC.offD.over33.A.thanB.asC.whenD.while34.A.usualB.popularC.dailyD.regular35.A.addB.increaseC.raiseD.ariseIV.Eachofthefollnwingsentencehasfourunderlinedparts.ThesepartsarelabelledA,B,CandD.IdentifythepartofsentencethatisincomectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,witedownyourcorrectionnnthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(IOpoints)'EXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecausethe_re'shardlysomethingJeft.ABCDANSWER:(C)anything36.Alicewashavingtroubletocontrolthechildrenbecausethereweresomanyofthem.ABCD37.Wewereverymuchsurprisedthatthevillagewassuchlongwayfromtheroad.ABCD38.John'schanceofbeingelectedchairmanofthecommitteeisfargreaterthanDick.ABCD39."Wehavewonagreatvictoryonourenemy,"thecaptainsaid.ABCD40.Therearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayfor,butwhichABdoesnotbringareturninmoneytothecommunity.CD41.ThelawIam.referringrequirethateveryonewhoownsacarhaveaccidentinsurance.ABCD42."Iconsidereditahonortobeinvitedtoaddressthemeetingofworld-famousscientists,"ABCDsaidProfessorLeacock.43.Hewasseeingsomebodycreepingintothehousethroughtheopenwindowlastnight.ABCD44.Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmadehasnotexplainedtousyet.ABCD45.Eventhoughthechildrenpretendedasleep,thenurseswerenotdeceivedwhentheycamein-ABCDtotheroom.V.Fillintheblankswiththeappmpriatefnmtsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(IOpoint)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident_(appoint)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)be_appointed46.Buyingclothes_(be)verytime-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthatfityounice-Iy.47.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmastimportancethatourrepresentative_(send)totheconferenceonschedule.48.Imustcallyourattentiontothedirections.Readthemcarefullyandactas_(in-struct).49.Emmasaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate_(hear)fromyousoon.50.I_(call)tomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn't.51.IfGreghadtriedhardertoreachtheoppositeshore,we___(nothave)topickhimupintheboat.52.Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebackonly_(find)hishometownseverelydamagedinanearthquake.53.Thelecture_(begin),helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleav-ingdisturbedthespeaker.54.Thechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem_(cloes)theirbooksunex-pectedly.55.Anewroadwillbebuilthere,andthereforeanumberofexistinghouses_(havetodestroy).Ⅵ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15points)56．你应该仔细核对全部资科，以避免严重错误。57．尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成c58．一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。59．只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。60．这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。Ⅶ.TanslatethefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.(20point)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhymepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Sociatscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepoesesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenocleararlswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureasnurture.".(62)Thosewhosuppqrtthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslit-tle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwe