大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案一

-.z.大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案〔一〕一Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.Short-rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanapplyonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossiblemonths.Itshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,outlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymunchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termgoals.Uponpletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeenpleted.Theintermediategoalsbukldonthefoundationoftheshort-rangegoals.Theymightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevene*tendforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobeediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoupleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowadnsucceed.Andasyourlistofpletiondatesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.1.Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot__.a.ifwepleteourshort-rangegoalsb.ifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoalsc.ifwewritedownthedatesd.ifweputforwardsomeplans2.Newshort-termgoalsarebulidupon__.a.twoyearsb.long-termgoalsc.currentactivitiesd.thegoalsthathavebeenpleted3.Whenwepleteeachstepofourgoals,__.a.wewillwinfinalsuccessb.weareoverwhelmedc.weshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccessd.weshouldstrongdesireforsettingnewgoals4.Onceourgoalsaredrawnup,__.a.weshouldsticktothemuntilwepletethemb.wemaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunitiesc.wehadbetterwaitforthee*citingnewsofsuccessd.wehavemadegreatdecision5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat___.a.thosewhohabelong-termgoalswillsucceedb.writingdownthedatesmaydiscourageyouc.thegoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesinationd.everyshouldhaveagoal答案：adcbc二TheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofawell-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despitoccasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950’s,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomicgrowthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturerswasabout40percentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorldWar2.Thecountry’sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalineavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allroundtheclock.Si*ty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwomillionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagricultureplainedthatitwasnotsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominousechoofthemid-1920’s.Asfarmer’sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.Buttherewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastandwouldeventuallyleadtotheoppsite-depression.1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage"a.TheAgriculaturalTrendsof1950’sb.TheUnemploymentRateof1950’sc.U.S.Economyinthe50’sd.TheFederalBudgetof19522.InLine4,theword"boom〞couldbestbereplacedby______.a.nearbye*plosionb.thunderousnoisec.generalpublicsupportd.rapideconomicgrowth3.ItcanbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof_________.a.confidenceb.confusionc.disappointmentd.suspicion4.WhichofthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinthe1950’s"a.Economistsb.Frmaersc.Politiciansd.Steelworkers5.ThepassagestatesthatinavailableforspendingintheU.S.wasgreaterin1955thanin1950.Howmuchwasit"a.60%b.50%c.33%d.90%答案：cdabc三Womenarealsounderrepresentedintheadministrationandthisisbecausetherearesofewwomenfullprofessors.In1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareportblastingtheUniversityofTe*asSystemadminitrationfornotencouragingwomen.TheUniversitywasratedamongthelowestforthesystem.Ina1987update,Milburnmendedtheprogressthatwasmadeandcalledforevenmoreimprovement.OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinformwomenofavailableadministrativejobs.CollegeofmunicationAssociateDeanPatricaWitherspoon,saiditisimportantthatwomanbefle*iblewhenitestorelocatingiftheywanttoriseintheranks.Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorderforhertosucceed,shemustriseabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateonherwork.UntilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversityandallacademia,inequitieswille*ist."WomenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthatareimportanthereattheUniversity."Spirdusosaid."Iftheydothatwillbesuccessfulinthissystem.Iftheyspendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthese*ualdiscriminationthattheythinke*istshere,theyarewastingvaluablestudytime."1.AccordingtoSpirduso,womenneedto____.duceareportonse*ualdiscriminationb.callforfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditionsc.spendtheirenergiesandtimefightingagainstse*ualdiscriminationd.spendmoretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivities2.Fromthispassage,weknowthat_____.a.therearemanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTe*asb.womenplayanimportantpartinadminitratingtheUniversityc.theweatheronthecampusischillyd.womenmakeupasmallpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversity3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue"a.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthanthatof1985b.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wassmallerthanthatof1985c.thenumberofwomenprofessorswasthesameasthatof1985d.moreandmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatse*ualdiscriminationdide*itintheUniversity4.OneofthepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat_____.a.womenweretoldtoconcentrateonteirworkb.womenweregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobsc.womenwereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUnversityd.womenwereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivities5.Thetitleforthispassageshouldbe_______.a.TheUniversityofTe*asb.Milburn'sReportc.WomenProfessorsd.Se*ualDiscriminationinAcademia答案：ddabd四Today,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000U.S.adlescentswillsmoketheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobeingregularsmokersasadults.Duringtheirlifetime,itcanbee*pectedthatofthese3000about23willbemurdered,30willdieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.Thenumberofdeathsattributedtocigarettesmokingoutweithtsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30precent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineisimpressive,severalimportantissuesmustberaised.First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorse*ceededthatamongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticisreversing.Third,severalrecentstudieshaveindicatehighschooldropoutshavee*cessivelyhighsmokingrates,asmuchas75percent.Finally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastdecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclinee*ist.Withinthisconte*t,theNaionalCancerInstiute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecivemeasurestoreducesmokingleveslamongyouth.1.Accordingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby_____.a.trafficaccidentsb.smoking-relateddeseasec.murderd.allofthese2.Everydaythereareover_____highschoolstrdentswhowillbeeregularsmoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By"dropout"theauthormeans______.a.studentswhofailedthee*aminationb.studentswholeftschoolc.studentswholosttheirwayd.studentswhoweredrivenoutofschool4.Thereasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat________.a.NCIhastakeneffectivemeasuresb.smokingispreventedamonghighschoolseniorsc.therearemanysmokerswhohavediedofcancerd.noneofthese5.Whatisimpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat________.a.smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittleb.therearenowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolseniorsc.highsmokingratesareduetotheinceaseinwealthd.smokingathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgrounds答案：bdbdb五Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofallhumanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.Differentculturesaremorelikelytocausecertaindifferentillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisntoanewdiscovery.In1945,about35yearsago,governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates,monlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivies,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbeesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandlivinganimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcow.Sometimessimilardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotformedicalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.1.Whatisthebestpossibletitleofthepassage"a.DrugandFoodb.CancerandHealthc.FoodandHealthd.HealthandDrug2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture"a.Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasonsb.Someoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothelivinganimalsc.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforoverthirty-fiveyears.d.Foodmaycausefortypercentofcancerinworld.3.Howhassciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind"a.Becauseofscience,diseasescausedbypollutedfoodhavenbeenvirtuallyeliminated.b.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.c.Becauseoftheapplicationofscience,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenaddedtofood.d.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.4.Whatarenitratesusedfor"a.Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods.b.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.c.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.d.Theycausetheanimalstobeefatter.5.Theword'carcinogenic'mostnearlymeans'_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbdWhatisyourfavouritecolour"Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red"Ifyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,peopleande*citement.Doyouprefergreysandblues"Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobeapessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolourspreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.Theytellsus,amongotherfacts,thatwedonotchooseourfavouriteclouraswegrowup----wearebornwithourpreference.Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods----thereisnodoubtaboutit.Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerela*edthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeinthearea----untilitwasrepaintergreen.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply;perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhppierbutmoreactive.Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey.1."Youwouldratherfollowthanred"means_______.a.youdon'tliketofollowothersb.youwouldbeamemberratherthanaleaderc.youwouldbeafraidoffollowingothersd.youwouldliketobealeaderratherthanafollower2.Ifoneenjoyslife,oneissuretoprefer________.a.redtoyellowb.bluetoorangec.redtogreyd.bluetoyellow3."Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedon'tchooseourfavouritecoloursaswegrowup.""Amongotherfacts"means______.a.besidesotherfactsb.inregardtootherfactsc.notconsideringotherfactsd.accordingtootherfacts4.Whichofthefollowingisfacts"a.People'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisinstinctb.People'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisacquiredastheygrowup.c.Morepeoplehappentolovebrownbecausetheysawsomethingbrownwhentheywerebornd.Colourshavelittleinfluenceonourmoods5.ThosewhomittedsuicidepreferredthebridgeovertheThamesRivernearlondontoothersbecauseof_______.a.itsshapeb.itsstructurec.itscolourd.itsbuildingmaterials答案：bcaac十二Socialcustomsandwaysofbehavingchange.Thingswhichwereconsideredimpolitemanyyearsagoarenowacceptable.Justafewyearsago,itwasconsideredimpolitebehaviourforamantosmokeonstreet.Nomanwhothoughtofhimselfbysmokingwhenaladywasinaroom.Customsalsodifferfromcountrytocountry.Doesamanwalkontheleftortherightofawomaninyourcountry"Ordoesn'titmatter"Shouldyouusebothhandswhenyouareeating"Shouldleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetable"TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.Fore*ample,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeopleshakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawonmanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowillmostAmericans.PromptnessisimportantbothinEnglandandinAmerica.Thatis,ifadinnerinvitationisfor7o'clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrivesclosetothattimeorcallsuptoe*plainhisdelay.Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthatmightmakeotherpeoplefeelunfortable-----especiallyiftheyareyourguests.Whenthefoodwasserved,oneoftheguestsstratedtoeathispeaswithaknife.Theotherguestswereamusedorshocked,butthehostcalmlypickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway.Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestfeelfoolishorunfortable.1.Ifonehasacceptedadinnerinvitation,whatshouldhedoifheistobelateforthedinner"a.Heshouldfindane*cuseb.Heshouldadkfore*cuse.c.Heshouldsaysorryd.Heshouldtelephonetoe*plainhisbeinglate.2."Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestsfeelfoolishorunfortable.""Badmanners"means________.a.uglyb.dishonestc.impolited.shameful3.whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttiltleforthispassage"a.SocialCustomsandCustomsb.SocialLifec.AmericanandBritishCustomsd.PromptnessIsImportant4.Accordingtothete*t,thebesthost_______.a.trieshisbesttomakehisguestsfeelfortableb.makeshisguestsfeele*citedc.triestoavoidbeingnaughtytohisguestsd.triestoavoidbeingfoolish5.Theauthorofthisarticlemayagreewithwhichofthefollowing"a.Theguestwhoatehispeaswithaknifeb.Theotherguestswhowereamusedorshockedc.Thehostwhopickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesamewayd.Noneoftheabove答案：dcaac十三NewOrleans,Louisiana,wasestablishedaspartoftheFrenchEmpirein1718.ItslocationontheeastbankoftheMississippiRivergaveitcontroloftheAmericanhinerlandanditbecamestrategicallyimportanttomanynations.ItwastransferredfromFrancetoSpain,returnedtoFrance,andfinallysoldbyNapoleontotheUnitedStatesin1803.Thecitywasthesiteofafamousbattlefoughtin1815betweentheBritish,whohopedtocontrolit,andtheAmericansunderGeneralAndrewJackson.TheriverbedoftheMississippiisconstantlysiltingandtheriverisnowactuallyhigherthanthecity.Leveesholdbacktheriverandgiantpumpsareusedtomovewaterfromthecityintotheriver.AlthoughNewOrleanshaasbeenapartoftheUnitedStatesforalmosttwocenturies,itspopulationtakesgreatprideinitsFrenchheritage.LouisianastillretainspartsoftheCodeNapoleonwhich,formmanyyears,wasitsonlylaw.NewOrleansiscarefreecityanditboastsitshot,spicyCreoleseafoodanditsnativeDi*ielandJazz.ThejacksonSquareneighborhoodmaintainsitsFrenchcolonialhomesandinothersectionsarepre-CivilWarmansions.Visitorsaresurprisedtofindthatbehindthisinterestingfacadeofyesteryear,isabusyindustrialandportcity.GrainandcoalefromtheMidwestandforeighcargoesareunloadedhere.NewOrleansisnolongerasleepySoutherntown----butit'sstillfuntovisit.1.WhataccountsfortheleveesandpumpsinNewOrleans"a.TheMississippifrequentlyfloodsthecity.b.Theriverbedhasraisedinthepast200years.c.Thetorrentialrainsfloodthecityfrequently.d.Thehighhumiditycannototherwisebetrolled.2.ThebattleofNewOrleanswasfoughtbyjacksonagainst______.a.Franceb.Britainc.Spaind.TheNorth3.TheCodeNapoleonwas_______.a.anagreementtosellLouisianab.abodyoflawsc.acitypland.amilitarycodeforthearmy4.WhichofthefollowingelementsdoesnotapplytotheattiudeoftheinhabitantsofNewOrleans"a.PrideintheirFrenchheritage.b.Adesiretoretainpicturesquecolonialbuildings.c.Arefusaltoengageintradeandmerced.ApraisingofDi*ielandJazz.5.TouristsvisitingNewOrleansaresurprisedtoencounter_____.a.Creolefoodb.Di*ielandjazzc.bustlingcityd.authenticcolonialhomes答案：bbbcc十四TheUnitedStatesisonthevergeoflosingitsleadingplaceintheworld'stechnology.Sosaysmorethanonestudyinrecentyears.OneofthereasonsforthisdeclineistheparalleldeclineinthenumberofU.S.scientistsandengineers.Since1976,employmentofscientistsandengineersisup85percent.Thistrendise*pectedtocontinue.However,thetrendshowsthatthenumberof22-year-olds--theneartermsourceoffuturePH.D.s-isdeclining.Furtheraddingtotheproblemistheincreasedpetitionforthesecandidatesfromotherfields-law,medicine,business,etc.WhilethenumberofU.S.PH.D.sinscienceandengineeringdeclines,theawardofPH.D.stoforeignnationalsisincreasingrapidly.OurinabilitytomotivatestudentstopursuescienceandengineeringcareersatthegraduatelevelispoundedbecauseoftheintensedemandindustryhasforbrightBachelor'sandMaster'sdegreeholders.Toooften,promisingPH.D.candidates,confrontingthecostandfinancialsacrificeofpursuingtheireducation,findtheattractionofindustryirresistible.1.TheU.S.willetoloseitsleadingplaceintechnologyprobablybecause________.a.thenumberofPH.D.degreeholdersisdecliningb.thenumberofscientistsandengineersisdecreasingc.thenumberof22-year-ildsisdecliningd.scientistsandengineersarenotemployed2.Thefieldofscienceandengineeringisfacingapetitionfrom________.a.technologyb.foreignnationalsc.suchfieldsaslaw,medicineandbusinessd.postgraduates3.Large-scaleenterprisesnowneed_______.a.brightgraduatesandpostgraduatesb.newinventionsc.advancedtechnologyd.engineers4.ManypromisingpostgraduatesareunwillingtopursueaPH.D.degreebecause_________.a.theyarenotencouragedtobeengagedinscienceb.industrydoesnotrequirePH.D.holdersc.theyhavefinancialdifficultiesd.theywillspendmuchtimeandenergypletingPH.D.5.PH.D.candidates"findtheattractionofindustryirresistible"meansthat_________.a.theyfindindustryisattractingmoreandmorecollegestudentsb.theydon'tthinktheycanpreventthemselvesfromworkingforindustryc.theycannotresistanyattractionfromallsidesd.theycannotworkforindustryanylonger答案：bcadb十五Newdays,astandardformeasuringpowerhaschanged.Thesechangesforetellanewstandardformeasuringpower.Nolongerwillanation'spoliticalinfluencebebasedsolelyonthestrengthofitsmilitaryforces.Ofcourse,m