历年英语六级阅读真题

word格式，下载后可自由编辑PAGE文档来自535600147历年英语六级阅读真题2019年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案选词填空Thenumberofdevicesyoucantalktoismultiplying--firstitwasyourphone,thenyourcat,andnowyoucantellyourkitchenapplianceswhattodo.Butevenwithoutgadgetsthatunderstandourspokencommands,researchsuggeststhat,asbizarreisitsounds,undercertain__26__peopleregularlyascribehumantraitstoeverydayobjects.Sometimesweseethingsashumanbecauseweare__27__Inoneexperiment,peoplewhoreportedfeelingisolatedweremorelikelythanotherstoattribute__28__tovariousgadgets.Inturn,feelingclosetoobjectscan__29__loneliness.Whencollegestudentswereremindedofatimetheyhadbeen__30__inasocialsetting,theycompensatedbyexaggeratingtheirnumberoffriends-unlesstheywerefirstgiventasksthatcausedthemtointeractwiththeirphoneasifithadhumanqualities.Accordingtotheresearchers,theparticipants'phones__31__substitutedforrealfriends.Atothertimes,wepersonifyproductsinanefforttounderstandthem.Onestudyfoundthatthreeinfourrespondentsyelledattheircomputer.Further,themoretheircomputergavethemproblems,themorelikelytherespondentsweretoreportthatithaditsown"beliefsand__32__."Sohowdopeopleassigntrailstoanobject?Inpar,werelyonlooks.Onhumanswidefacesare__33__withdominance.Similarly,peopleratedcurs,clocks,andwatcheswithwidefacesasmoredominant-lookingthannarrow-facedones,andpreferredthem-especiallyin__34__situations.AnanalysisofcarsalesinGermanyfoundthatcarswithgrilles(护栅)thatwereupturnedlikesmilessoldbest.Thepurchaserssawthis__35__asincreasingacar'sfriendliness.A)alleviateB)apparentlyC)arrogantD)associatedE)circumstancesF)competitiveG)concededH)consciousnessI)desiresJ)excludedK)featureL)lonelyM)separateN)spectacularlyO)warrant(26)E(27)L(28)H(29)A(30)J(31)B(32)I(33)D(34)F(35)K2019年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案段落匹配WhyMoreFarmersAreMakingTheSwitchtoGrass-FedMeatandDairyA)Thoughhedidn'tcomefromafarmingfamily,fromayoungageTimJosephwasfascinatedbytheideaoflivingofftheland.ReadingmagazineslikeTheStockmanGrassFarmerandGraze,hegothookedontheideaofgrass-fedagriculture.Theideathatallenergyandwealthcomesfromthesunreallyintriguedhim.Hethoughttheshorterthedistancebetweenthesunandtheendproduct,thehighertheprofittothefarmer.B)Josephwantedtoputthistheorytothetest.In2009,heandhiswifeLauralaunchedMapleHillCreamery,anorganic,allgrass-fedyogurtcompanyinnorthernNewYork.Hequicklylearnedwhatthemarkethasdemonstrated:Demandforgrass-fedproductscurrentlyexceedssupply.Grass-fedbeefisenjoyinga25-30%annualgrowthrate.Salesofgrass-fedyogurtandkefir(发酵乳饮品),ontheotherhand,haveinthelastyearincreasedbyover38%.Thisisincomparisonwithadropofjustunder1%inthetotalyogurtandkefirmarket,accordingtonaturalandorganicmarketresearchcompanySPINS.Joseph'stopprioritybecamegettinghishandsonenoughgrass-fedmilktokeepcustomerssatisfied,sincehisown64-cowherdwasn'tgoingtosuffice.C)HisfirstpartnershipwaswithPaulandPhyllisAmburgh,ownersoftheDharmaLeafarminNewYork.TheAmburghs,too,weretruebelieversingrass-fed.Inadditiontosupplyingmilkfromtheirown85-headherd,theybegantohelpotherfarmersintheareaconvertfromconventionaltocertifiedorganicandgrass-fedinordertoentertheMapleHillsupplychain.Since2010,thecouplehashelped125smalldairyfarmsconverttograss-fed,withmorethan80%ofthosefarmscomingonboardduringthelasttwoyears.D)AllthisconversionhashelpedMapleHillgrow40-50%everyyearsinceitbegan,withnoendinsight.Josephhaslearnedthatafarmerhastohaveacertainmindsettosuccessfullyconvert.Butconvincingopen-mindeddairypeopleisactuallynotthathard,whenyoulookattheeconomics.Grassfedmilkcanfetchupto2.5timesthepriceofconventionalmilk.Anotherfactoristhesqueezethatconventionaldairyfarmershavefeltasthepriceofgraintheyfeedtheircowshasgoneup,tighteningtheirprofitmargins.Byreplacingexpensivegrainfeedwithregenerativemanagementpractices,grass-fedfarmersareinsulatedfromjumpsinthepriceoffeed.Thesepracticesincludegrazinganimalsongrassesgrownfromthepasturelandsnaturalseedbank,andfertilizedbythecows'ownfertilizer.E)Championsofthistypeofregenerativegrazingalsopointtoitsanimalwelfare,climateandhealthbenefits:Grass-fedanimalslivelongeroutofconfinement.Grazingherdsstimulatemicrobial(微生物的)activityinthesoil,helpingtocapturewaterandseparatecarbon.Andgrass-feddairyandmeathavebeenshowntobehigherincertainnutrientsandhealthyfats.F)Inthegrass-fedsystem,farmersarealsonotsubjecttothewildlyfluctuatingmilkpricesoftheinternationalcommoditymarket.Theunpredictabilityofglobaldemandandthelag-timeittakestoaddmorecowstoaherdtomeetdemandcanresultineventsliketherecentcheesesurplus.Goinggras-fedisasaferefuge,awayforfamily-scalefarmstostayviable.Usuallyafarmerwillgettothepointwherefinancially,whatthey'redoingisnotworking.That'swhentheycallMapleHill.Ifthefarmiswellmanagedandhasenoughland,andthedesiretoconvertissincere,arelationshipcanbegin.Throughregularregionaleducationalmeetings,alargeannualmeeting,individualfarmvisitsandthousandsofphonecalls,theAmburghspassontheprinciplesofpasturemanagement.MapleHillsignsacontractpledgingtobuythefarmer'smilkataguaranteedbaseprice,plusqualitypremiumsandincentivesforhigherprotein,butter-fatandothersolids.G)WhileMapleHill'sconversionprogramisunusuallyhands-onandcomprehensive,it'sjustoneofagrowingnumberofbusinessescommittedtoslowlychangingthewayAmericafarms.Josephcallssharinghisknowledgenetworkthroughpeer-to-peerlearningacorepieceofthecompany'sculture.Lastsummer,Massachusettsgrass-fedbeefadvocateJohnSmithlaunchedBigPictureBeef,anetworkofsmallgrass-fedbeeffarmsinNewEnglandandNewYorkthatisprojectedtobringtomarket2,500headofcattlefrom125producersthisyear.EarlyindicationsarethatSmithwillhavenoshortageoffarmmembers.Sincehebegantoinformallyannouncethenetworkatfarmingconferencesandonsocialmedia,he'sreceivedasteadystreamofinquiriesfrominterestedfarmers.H)Smithsayshe'llprovideservicesrangingfromformalseminarstoon-farmworkshopsonholistic(整体的)management,toone-on-onehand-holdingandanalmost24/7phonehotlineforfarmerswhoareconverting.Inexchange,heguaranteesanabove-marketpriceforeachanimalandacalf-to-customerelectroniceartagIDsystemlikethatusedintheEuropeanUnion.I)Thoughadvocatesportraygrassfedproductsasawin-winsituationforall,theydohavedownsides.Price,forone,isanissue.Josephsayshisproductsarepriced10-20%aboveorganicversions,butdependingontheproductchosen,comparedtonon-organicconventionalyogurt,consumerscouldpayapremiumof30-50%ormoreforgrass-fed.Asforthemeat,Smithsayshisgrass-fedhamburgerwillbepriced20-25%overtheconventionalalternative.ButalookatthepricesononlinegrocerFreshDirectsuggestsagrass-fedpremiumofanywherefrom35-60%.J)Andnoteveryfarmerhastheoptionofgoinggrass-fed.Forbothbeefanddairyproduction,itrequires,atleastinthebeginning,morepastureland.Grass-fedbeefproductiontendstobemorelabor-intensiveaswell.ButSmithcountersthatifyoufactorinthehiddencostofgovernmentcormsubsidies,environmentdegradation,anddecreasedhumanhealthandanimalwelfare,grass-fedisthemorecost-effectivemodel."Thesunprovidesthelowestcostofproductionandthecheapestmeat,"hesays.K)Anothergrass-fedboosterspurringfarmerstoconvertisEPIC,whichmakesmeat-basedproteinbars.FoundersTaylorCollinsandhiswife,KatieForrest,usedtobeenduranceathletes;nowthey'readvocatesofgrass-fedmeat.SoonafterlaunchingEPIC'smostsuccessfulproduct-theBisonBaconCranberryBar-CollinsandForrestfoundthey'dexhaustedtheirsourcesforbison(北美野牛)raisedexclusivelyonpasture.Whentheystartedresearchingthesupplychain,theylearnedthatonly2-3%ofallbisonisactuallygrass-fed.Therestisfeed-lotconfinedandfedgrainandcorm.L)ButafterGeneralMillsboughtEPICin2016,CollinsandForrestsuddenlyhadtheresourcestheyneededtoexpandtheirsupplychain.SothecompanyteamedupwithWisconsin-basedrancherNorthstarBison.EPICfrontedthemoneyforthepurchaseof$2.5millionworthofyoungbisonthatwillberaisedaccordingtoitsgrass-fedprotocols,withaguaranteedpurchaseprice.Themessagetoyoungpeoplewhomightnototherwisebeabletoaffordtobreakintothebusinessis,"'YoucarPurchasethisS3millionpieceoflandhere,becauseI'mguaranteeingyoutodayyou'llhave1,000bisononit.'We'rebringingnewbloodintotheold,conventionalfarmingecosystem,whichisreallycooltosee,"Collinsexplains.36.Farmersgoinggrass-fedarenotaffectedbytheever-changingmilkpricesoftheglobalmarket.37.Overtheyears,TimJoseph'spartnershavehelpedmanydairyfarmerstoswitchtograss-fed.38.Oneadvocatebelievesthatmanyotherbenefitsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenweassessthecost-effectivenessofgrass-fedfarming.39.Manydairyfarmerswerepersuadedtoswitchtograss-fedwhentheysawitsadvantageintermsofprofits.40.TimJoseph'sgrass-fedprogramisonlyoneexampleofhowAmericanfarmingpracticeischanging.41.TimJosephwasfascinatedbythenotionthatsunlightbringsenergyandwealthtomankind.42.Oneproblemwithgrass-fedproductsisthattheyareusuallymoreexpensivethanconventionalones.43.Grass-fedproductshaveprovedtobehealthierandmorenutritious.44.WhenTimJosephstartedhisbusiness,hefoundgrass-fedproductsfellshortofdemand.45.Asnackbarproducerdiscoveredthatthesupplyofpurelygrass-fedbisonmeatwasscarce.36.F37.C38.J39.D40.G41.A42.I43.E44.B45.K2019年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案仔细阅读PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage."Thedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledon'tunderstandhowtheactchangesus,"saysDanAriely,behavioralpsychologistatDukeUniversity.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearlyastheageoftwo.Someexpertsevenconsiderlyingadevelopmentalmilestone,likecrawlingandwalking,becauseitrequiressophisticatedplanning,attentionandtheabilitytoseeasituationfromsomeoneelse'sperspectivetomanipulatethem.But,formostpeople,lyinggetslimitedaswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate.HarvardcognitiveneuroscientistJoshuaGreenesays.formostofus,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hegavesubjectsachancetodeceiveformonetarygainwhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRImachine，whichmapsbloodflowtoactivepartsofthebrain.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstantlyandinstinctively.Butothersoptedtolie,andtheyshowedincreasedactivityintheirfrontalparietal(颅腔壁的)controlnetwork,whichisinvolvedindifficultorcomplexthinking.Thissuggeststhattheyweredecidingbetweentruthanddishonestyandultimatelyoptingforthelatter.Forafollow-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneural(神经的)rewardcentresweremoreactivewhentheywonmoneywerealsomorelikelytobeamongthegroupofliars-suggestingthatlyingmayhavetodowiththeinabilitytoresisttemptation.Extremalconditionsalsomatterintermsofwhenandhowoftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshows,whenweareabletorationaliseit,whenwearestressedandfatiguedorsecothersbeingdishonest.Andwearelesslikelytoliewhenwehavemoralremindersorwhenwethinkothersarewatching."Weasasocietyneedtounderstandthat,whenwedon'tpunishlying,weincreasetheprobabilityitwillhappenagain,"Arielysays.Ina2016studypublishedinthejournalNatureNeuroscience,Arielyandcolleaguesshowedhowdishonestyalterspeople'sbrains,makingiteasiertotellliesinthefuture.Whenpeopleutteredafalsehood,thescientistsnoticedaburstofactivityintheiramygdala.Theamygdalaisacrucialpartofthebrainthatproducesfear,anxietyandemotionalresponsesincludingthatsinking,guiltyfeelingyougetwhenyoulie.Butwhenscientistshadtheirsubjectsplayagame-inwhichtheywonmoneybydeceivingtheirpartner,theynoticedthenegativesignalsfromtheamygdalabegantodecrease.Notonlythat,butwhenpeoplefacednoconsequencesfordishonesty,theirfalsehoodstendedtogetevenmoresensational.Thismeansthatifyougivepeoplemultipleopportunitiestoliefortheirownbenefit,theystartwithlittlelieswhichgetbiggerovertime.46.Whydosomeexpertsconsiderlyingamilestoneinachild'sdevelopment?A)Itshowstheyhavetheabilitytoviewcomplexsituationsfromdifferentangles.B)Itindicatestheyhaveanabilitymoreremarkablethancrawlingandwalking.C)Itrepresentstheirabilitytoactivelyinteractwithpeoplearoundthem.D)Itinvolvesthecoordinationofboththeirmentalandphysicalabilities.47.WhydoestheHarvardneuroscientistsaythatlyingtakeswork?A)Itishardtochoosefromseveraloptions.B)Itisdifficulttosoundnaturalorplausible.C)Itrequiresspeedybloodflowintoone'sbrain.D)Itinvolveslotsofsophisticatedmentalactivity.48.Underwhatcircumstancesdopeopletendtolie?A)Whentheybecometooemotional.B)Whentheyfacetoomuchpeerpressure.C)Whenthetemptationistoostrong.D)Whentheconsequencesarenotimminent.49.Whenarepeoplelesslikelytolie?A)Whentheyarewormoutandstressed.B)Whentheyareunderwatchfuleyes.C)Whentheythinkinarationalway.D)Whentheyhaveaclearconscience.50.Whatdoestheauthorsaywillhappenwhenaliardoesnotgetpunished?A)Theymayfeeljustified.B)Theywilltellbiggerlies.C)Theywillbecomecomplacent.D)Theymaymixliesandtruths.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Here'showthePacificNorthwestispreparingfor"TheBigOne".It'sthemotherofalldisasterdrillsforwhatcouldbetheworstdisasterinAmericanhistory.Californiahasspentyearspreparingfor"TheBigOne"--theinevitableearthquakethatwillundoubtedlyunleashallkindsofhavocalongthefamousSanAndreasfault(断层).ButwhatifthefaultthatrunsalongthePacificNorthwestdeliversagiganticearthquakeofitsown?IfthepeopleoftheCascadiaregionhaveanythingtodowithit,theywon'tbecaughtunawares.Theregionisengagedinamulti-dayearthquake-and-tsunami(海啸)drillinvolvingaround20,000people.TheCascadiaRisingdrillgivesarearesidentsandemergencyrespondersachancetopracticewhattodoincaseofa9.0-magnitudeearthquakeandtsunamialongoneofthenation'sdangerous--andunderestimated--faults.TheCascadiaEarthquakeZoneisbigenoughtocompetewithSanAndreas(it'sbeencalledthemostdangerousfaultinAmerica),butit'smuchlesserknownthanitsCaliforniacousin.Nearly700mileslong,theearthquakezoneislocatedbytheNorthAmericanPlateoffthecoastofPacificBritishColumbia,Washington,OregonandNorthernCalifornia.Cascadiaiswhat'sknownasa"megathrust"fault.Megathrustsarecreatedinearthquakezones-landplateboundarieswheretwoplatesconverge.Intheareaswhereoneplateisbeneathanother,stressbuildsupovertime.Duringamegathrustevent,allofthatstressreleasesandsomeoftheworld'smostpowerfulearthquakesoccur.Rememberthe9.1earthquakeandtsunamiintheIndianOceanoffSumatrain2004?ItwascausedbyamegathrusteventastheIndiaplatemovedbeneaththeBurmamicro-plate.ThelasttimeamajorearthquakeoccurredalongtheCascadiafaultwasin1700,soofficialsworrythatanothereventcouldoccuranytime.Topreventthateventfrombecomingacatastrophe,firstresponderswilljoinmembersofthepublicinrehearsalsthatinvolvecommunication,evacuation,searchandrescue,andotherscenarios.Thousandsofcasualtiesareexpectedifa9.0earthquakeweretooccur.First,theearthquakewouldshakemetropolitanareasincludingSeattleandPortland.Thiscouldtriggeratsunamithatwouldcreatehavocalongthecoast.Notallcasualtiescannecessarilybeprevented--butbycoordinatingacrosslocal,state,andevennationalborders,officialshopethattheworst-casescenariocanbeaverted.Ontheexercise'swebsite,officialsexplainthatthereporttheyprepareduringthisrehearsalwillinformdisastermanagementforyearstocome.ForhundredsofthousandsofCascadiaresidents,"TheBigOne"isn'taquestionofif,onlywhen.Andit'snevertooearlytogetreadyfortheinevitable.51.Whatdoes"Th