2023年初升高语法专题定语从句课件

初升高语法专题定语从句

life-lovingpositivedelightedliberalromanticsmart我是一个崇尚自由，追求浪漫的人。Iamaliberalandromanticperson.Iamaperson

whoisliberalandromantic关系词2介词+关系词3如何选择关系词41引入部分，什么是定语Wendyisabeautifulgirl.温蒂是个美丽的女孩儿。定语定：修饰，限定，修饰名词代词的词Wendyisagirlwhoisbeautiful.定语从句由一句话来作定语定语从句的定义Wendyisagirlwhoisverybeautiful.定语从句的两个要素先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词关系词：1）用来引导定语从句2）代替先行词在句中做成分关系代词：1）用来引导定语从句2）代替先行词在句中做主语，宾语关系副词：1）用来引导定语从句2）代替先行词在句中做状语非限制性定语从句：对先行词提供一些附加情况，起补充说明作用，若删除对句子不造成影响，既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个主句。Luxun,whowasborninShaoshing,wasafamouswriter.鲁迅出生在绍兴，是一位著名的作家。YesterdaywepaidavisittothehouseinwhichLuXunlived.YesterdaywepaidavisittothehousewhichLuXunlivedin.介词+关系词Sundayisthedayonwhich（when）veryfewpeoplegotowork.星期日是几乎没有人上班的日子。“介词+which/whom”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when,where及whyo

即：介词+which/whom=when,where,whyTheschool（that/which）heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom;指物时用which,

that

—般不位于介词之后。Ineverforgettheyearinwhichmyson

wenttocollege. 我永远不能忘记我儿子上大学那一年。HaveyoufoundthebookonwhichIspend$10?你找到我花10美元买的那本书了吗？“介词+关系代词”中介词的选用，要考虑两个因素:定语从句中先行词的搭配；定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。关系词1）who,whom的用法Who在定语从句中做主语，宾语;做宾语可省略ThegirlwhoisinredisLily.（做_________,不可省略）Ilikethepersonwhoyouaretalkingto作___________,可用whom/that替换或者省略2.Whom在句中作宾语，限制性定语从句可省略，非限制性定语从句不可省IhappenedtomeettheprofessorwhomIgottoknowatapartyyesterday.（作___________,可省略）主语宾语宾语关系代词主语：Who和whom最大的区别就是，who可作主语和宾语，whom只能作宾语2）whose的用法Whose的先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。Whose=the+n.+ofwhich/whomEg:Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.（whose指人）=Thisisthescientist,______________theachievementsarewellknown.Eg.I’dlikearoomwhosewindowfacesthesea.（whose指物）I’dlikearoom__________thewindowfacesthesea.

ofwhomofwhich3).限制性定语从句中，通常情况下that和which可以互换。That指人或者指物，which指物不指人他们都可以做主语或者宾语，作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可以省略。Hisfatherworksinafactory___________makesTVsets.that/which

（作____________,____________）主语不可省略Thecoat______________________Iputonthedeskisblack.that/which/不填（作_____________时，_____________）宾语可省略3）whom和which的用法Theroom___________Iliveisverybig.=Theroom________________Iliveinisverybig.inwhich

that/which/不填注意：先行词为物，在介词后面用which,且不可省略同理可得，先行词为人，在介词后面用whom2.只能用that的情况记忆口诀：“最不避人物”“最”———极端修饰：如最高级、序数词、theonly,thesame,thevery,thelast,theright,just等Thisisthebestfilm__________hasbeenshownsofarinthecity.that（先行词被best修饰）Thefirstthing________weshoulddonowistofindalocalguide.that(先行词被first所修饰)“不”———不定代词Everything,nothing,something,anything,some,all,much,little,few,none等Alltheapples_________felldownfromthetreewereeatenupbythepigs.thatThereisnotmuch_______oughttobedonerightnow.that当堂练习Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_________weresomeoneelse’sfault.A.WhichB.whoseC.whoD.thatD“避”———避免重复当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，后面的关系代词用that.Whoistheperson_________isstandingattheschoolgate?that

（前有who）哪辆自行车是你弄丢的那辆？_______isthebike_______youlost.thatWhich“人物”———先行词有人也有物Tellusaboutthepersonandtheplaces_______aredifferentfromours.that只能用which的情况在非限制性定语从句当中非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，他与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，将非限制性定语从句放在句中，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.Tokyo,___________isthecapitalofJapan,seesgratechangeseverydaywhich先行词是物，在定语从句中做介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.Thepenwith

______youarewritingisJeff’s.which如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个关系代词用that，后一个宜用whichLetmeshowyouthenovelthatborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentome.先行词本身就是that的情况下What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?Idon’tlikethat_____hedid.which关系副词关系词所修饰的先行词在从句中做的成分关系副词关系副词whenwherewhy时间状语地点状语状语原因状语关系副词可修饰的先行词是时间，地点，或者理由的名词，再从句中做状语When指时间，在从句中做时间状语她的先行词通常为time,day,morning,night,week,year,moment等IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIwontheprize.2.Where指地点，在从句中作地点状语她的先行词通常为place,village,house,room,building,town等ThisisthevillagewhereIstayedlastyear.3.Why指地点，再从句中做原因状语，她的先行词通常为reasonTellmethereasonwhyshewaslate.Thisistheplace______（which/where）Ispendmychildhood.Thisistheplace_______（which/where）Ivisitedlastsummer.第一空填where从句中spend是谓语,mychildhood是宾语，where代指theplace在从句中充当地点状语第二空填whichWhich指代前面的theplace再从句中充当visit的宾语I’llneverforgetthedays__________(which/when)wespenttogether.I’llneverforgetthedays__________(which/when)welivetogetherinthecountry.第三空填whichWhich指代前面的thedays再从句中充当spent的宾语第四空填which从句中we是主语，live是谓语，inthecountry是宾语，when指代thedays在从句中充当时间状语关系副词when,where.Why的含义相当于“介词+which”的结构Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield任何人都有不得不屈服的时候Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)

Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。

Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer.这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由关系副词引导的定语从句如何选择方法1：准确判断关系词在定语从句中的成分（主，宾，定，状），也能正确选择出关系代词、关系副词。Isthismuseum__________youvisitedafewdaysago?WhereB.thatC.onwhichD.theoneIsthisthemuseum_________theexhibitionwasheld.A.WhereB.thatC.OnwhichD.theoneDA方法2.用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语就必须要有关系代词ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayed