vivo 6G白皮书 2022 - 6G 服务、能力和赋能技术

itiesandEnablingTechnologies1Abstract 326Gservices 32.1From5Gservicesto6Gservices 32.26Gserviceusecases 736Gcapabilities 83.16Gperformanceindicators 93.26Gefficiencyindicators 153.36Gusagescenarios 1746Genablingtechnologies 184.1Systemfunctionalframework 194.2Convergenceofmobilenetworkandcomputing 204.3Integratedsensingandcommunication 234.4AI-nativesystem 284.5Datafunctionanddataplane 354.6Extremelylowpowercommunication 374.7MIMOevolution 444.8Reconfigurableintelligentsurface 464.9Delay-Dopplerdomainwaveforms 504.10Othertechnologies 545Conclusion 55References 57Abbreviations 61yrightnoticeThiswhitepaperiscopyrightofvivoMobileCommunicationCo.,Ltd.(‘vivo’).Allrightsreserved.Youmayquote,reproduce,ordistributepartorallofthecontentsfornon-commercialpurposes,butonlyifyouacknowledgevivoasthesourceofthiswhitepaper.aGvisionforafreelyconnectedphysicalanddigitalintegratedworld.Thefirstwhitepaper,“DigitalLife2030+”,depicts,throughmanyconcreteusecases,abetterscenarioofdigitallifeforthe6Gerain2030andbeyond.Thesecondwhitepaper,“6GVision,RequirementsandChallenges”,providesaonGservicesandkeycapabilityindicators;theresearchanddevelopmentof6Gkeyenablingtherwithourpartnershasconductednumerousanalysisandresearchof6Gbusinessmodels,drivers,andapplicationscenarios.vCRIationandtechnicalexperimentsonGsystemarchitectureandenablingtechnologies.Thiswhitepaperpresentsthelatestresearchfindingsandpreliminaryviewson6Gservices,capabilities,architectureandkeytechnologies.Itisexpectedthatthiswhitepaperwillcontributetothedevelopmentof6Gtechnologies.Gservices2.1From5Gservicesto6GservicesFrom1Gto4G,mobilecommunicationsystemhasevolvedaroundthetransmissionofinformation,withthemaingoaloflargercommunicationcapacity,higherdatarateandlowerlatency,anewgenerationeverydecade.5Gsupportsthreeusagescenarios,i.e.,eMBB(EnhancedMobileBroadband),URLLC(Ultra-ReliableLow-LatencyCommunications)andmMTC(MassiveofThingsandindustrialapplicationsGprovidesbasictelecommunicationservicessuchasshortmessageservice(SMS),voiceoverIPithfurtherenhancementstosupportnextgenerationrealtimecommunication(NG-RTC);5Gprovideson-demandmobiledataconnectionwithdifferentQoSthroughcontrolplane(CP)anduserplane(UP)functions;5GprovidesservicessuchasUEpositioningandnetworkinformationtothird-partyapplicationsbymeansofNEF(NetworkExposureFunction)orcommonAPI(ApplicationProgramInterface)frameworks;and5Gprovidesedgecomputingservicesrealizedbymeansofthedeploymentofmulti-accessedgecomputing(MEC).Insummary,5Gsupportshigh-performancecommunicationservicesforindividualsandindustries,andinformationservicessuchasUEpositioningandnetworkinformationexposure,and5GsupportscomputingservicesthroughthedeploymentofMEC.Towards2030+,peoplewillpursueabetterdigitallife,thedigitalupgradeofbringusamoreharmoniousandbeautifulsocialenvironment.Whatserviceswill6GThetechnicalrequirementsofthe29casesoflifescenariosdescribedinthewhitepaper“DigitalLife2030+”canbesummarizedinthreeareas:on-demandconnectivityeverywhere,ubiquitousandsophisticateddigitalization,andpervasiveintelligenceThewhitepaperGvisionrequirementsandchallenges”,presentedthe6Gvisionofa"freelyconnectedphysical-digitalintegratedworld.Towards2030anddigitalworldenablingfreeconnectionbetweenthephysicalworldandthedigitalworldtorealizethetightintegrationofthetwoworlds.Itwillproviderichbusinessapplicationstomakeaneasyandhappydigitallife,andpromoteanefficientandsustainabledevelopmentofsociety.Realizingafreelyconnectedphysical-digitalintegratedworldrequiresubiquitoussensingandinformationcapturingcapabilitiestoachieveaccuratereal-timedigitalacquisitionofthephysicalworld,ubiquitousconnectivityandconvergedcomputing(includingcomputing,storage,andintelligence)capabilitiestobuildadigitalworld,tweenthephysicalanddigitalworldstosupportdigitalapplicationsinawiderangeofindustries.Therefore,communication,informationandcomputingarethethreemostimportantrbuildingafreelyconnectedphysicalanddigitalworldGwillnativelysupportcommunication,informationandcomputingservices,andwillserveasthenetworkinformationcornerstonetosupporttheefficientandsustainabledevelopmentoffuturesociety.AsshowninFigure1,supercommunication,basicinformation,andconvergedcomputingwillbethethreeservicesofferedby6Gsystem.Systemsandtechnologiesofcommunication,informationandcomputing,togetherwithnewmaterials,newterminals,intelligenthuman-computerinteraction,integratedcircuitsandothertechnologies,willbuildafreelyconnectedphysical-digitalintegratedworldwhichsupportsdigitallife,digitalgovernanceanddigitalproductionin2030+.Figure6GbuildsafreelyconnectedphysicaldigitalintegratedworldonserviceFromitsinception,cellularmobilecommunicationsweredesignedtoprovideseamlesscommunicationandconnectivityinwirelessmobilescenarios.6Gwillcontinuethishistoricmissionandprovidesupercommunicationservice.Ontheonehand,basictelecommunicationservicesof6Gwillsupportnewservicessuchasimmersiveextendedreality(XR),holographictelepresence,andmulti-sensoryherhand,6Gmobiledataconnectionserviceswillcontinuetoimproveincapacity,datarate,latency,reliabilityandmanyotheraspects,broadeningtherangeofusersandincreasingthevalueofservices,withmoreend-to-endflexibilityandadaptabilitytomoreapplicationscenariosAtthesameheaccessbarrierofterminalsethefreeconnectionandinformationtransmissionbetweenthephysicalanddigital itiesandEnablingTechnologiesrmationservice6Gterminalorbasestationequipmenttransmitsradiowavesforcommunication,andmeanwhilecanmeasurethereceivedsignalsforwirelesssensing.Thus,thesuchaslocation,speed,direction,material,orimaging,supportingrichsensingapplicationsandscenarios.Inaddition,asaubiquitouslyconnectedsystem,6Gwillgeneratealargeamountofvaluablebasicdatainformationwhensupportingtheconnectionbetweenthephysicalanddigitalworlds.Comparedwith5GthatprovidesingandnetworkinformationprovisionGisexpectedtoprovidecomprehensivewirelesssensingandpositioningservices,andfurtherenhancenetworkinformationprovision.Inaddition,6Gcancollectpublicinformation,toempowerallwalksoflife.Thiscanavoidtheduplicatedcollectionoftheinformationbydifferentindustryapplications.Insummary,6GbasicinformationincludewirelesssensingenhancednetworkinformationprovisionandpublicinformationofputingserviceComputingpoweristhenewproductivityinthedigitaleconomy.Itincludesmultidimensionalresourcessuchasnetworking,computingandstorage.Inadigitalsystembasedon5G,thecomputationsrequiredforapplicationservicesaretypicallyperformedattheterminalandinthecloud.5GsystemmerelyprovideslinkbetweennewusecasessuchasimmersiveXR,interactive3Dvirtualdigitalhuman,collaborativerobots,automateddriving,andmulti-sensoryinterconnection[3~6]willappearinthe6Gera.Thecomputingcapabilities,suchascomputingpower,storage,andintelligence,attheterminalisnotenoughtosupportthesenewusecases.Thelatencyatthecloudsidecannotmeetthedemandsofthenewusecasesduetothedistance.AlthoughdeploymentofMECin5Gnetworkscanmeettheneedsofsomeusecases,theconvergenceofcomputingandnetworkisnotenough.Throughtheconvergenceofmobilenetworkandcomputing,6Gwillhavenativelyconvergedthecomputingcapability[7]andcanprovideconvergedthecomputingservicesincluding itiesandEnablingTechnologiesAI(ArtificialIntelligence),thereforeenablinghighlyintegratedphysicalanddigitalworlds.GserviceusecasesAsmentionedearlier,6Gwillprovidethreeservicesincludingsupercommunication,basicinformation,andconvergedcomputing.Basedononeormoreservices,avarietyofserviceusecaseswillbegeneratedbyconsideringseveraltssuchasserviceusersservicelocationsservicerequirementsetcFormoreserviceusecaseswillinvolvetwoorthreeservices,suchascommunicationandinformationservices,communicationandcomputingservices,andcommunication,informationandcomputingservices.Automateddrivingisacomplexserviceusecasethatsimultaneouslyrequirescommunication,information,andcomputingservices.Adiagramof6GservicesandserviceusecasesisgiveninFigureFigure6Gservicesandserviceusecasesof6Gservicesis6Goperators.Theusersof6GservicesincludetheconnectedmobilesubscribersandOTTOverTheTopserviceprovidersinthousandsofindustries.Thecontentof6Gservicesincludethreebasicservices,i.e.,supercommunication,basicetyofserviceusecasesderivedfromthethreebasicservices.Operatorsprovidevariousservicesandcreatevaluefordifferentcustomers,throughthenetworkinfrastructureandterminalsin6Gsystem,constitutingthefundamentalbusinesslogicof6Gservicesystemdesign.FigureGservicessystems6Gcapabilities6Gnativelysupportscommunications,information,computing,andrelatedintegratedservices.Tosupport6Gtechnologyselectionandsystemdesignwhichenabletheseservices,6Gcapabilitiesneedtobedefined,whichincludeperformanceindicatorsandefficiencyindicators.6Gperformanceindicatorsrefertothereachableperformanceof6Gservices,whichdirectlyaffectstheserviceexperienceoftheusers.6Gefficiencyindicatorsreflectthecostandefficiencyoftheprovisionof6Gservices.DefiningreasonableGefficiencyindicatorsisaprerequisitetoensuresustainable6Gnetwork.AsshowninFigure4,6Gperformanceindicatorsincludecommunicationperformance,informationperformanceandcomputingperformance;6GefficiencyenergyefficiencycostefficiencyetcigureGperformanceindicatorsandefficiencyindicatorsGperformanceindicatorserformanceindicatorsofsupercommunicationorsthesimilarapproachcanbefollowedasin5Gcommunicationperformanceindicators[8,9],butdemandingasholographictelepresence,intelligentinteraction,immersiveXR,real-timeremotecontrol,andintelligentconnectionofallthings,6Gdatarate(includingpeakdatarateanduserexperiencerate),communicationlatencyandareatrafficcapacityandotherdehigherthanthatin5G[2,4,10].Thedefinitionsandsuggestedvaluesforthe6GcommunicationmanceindicatorsaregiveninTableeComparisonofcommunicationperformanceindicatorsbetweenGandGonanceatorsitiondatarateimumdatarateachievableperuser/deviceunderidealsbpsGbpsereddataechievabledataratesformobileusersdevicesintheoverageareabpsationsendingpacketsatthesourcetoceivingthemattheionAreatrafficprovidedperunitgeographiclnumberofconnectedaccessibledevicesperunitareailityimumrelativespeedbetweenthetransmitterandreceiverwhenmeetingcertainiabilityabilityofsuccessintransmittingafixedsizepacketwithinthespecifiedmaximumime9onaccuracyetweendevicescondNanosecondInadditiontotheabovequantifiableperformanceindicators,coverageisalsoacoverageofspace,air,groundandseathroughthetechnologiesofsatellitecommunicationandhigh-altitudeplatforms.Ontheotherhand,6Gwillfurtherextendtheterminalaccessrange,integratetechnologiessuchasbackscattercommunication,fieldscenariossuchasbodyareanetworks.Performanceindicatorsofbasicinformation6Gbasicinformationservicesincludewirelesssensing,enhancednetwork tiesandEnablingTechnologiesinformationprovision,andpublicinformationofindustries,ofwhichtheperformanceindicatorsaredivergent.rformanceindicatorsofsensing6Gwillsupportobjectandenvironmentsensing,aswellasUEpositioningwhichpportedbyGWithoutlossofgeneralitythekeyperformanceindicatorsfor6GsensingservicesaredefinedinTable2,withthereferencetothedefinitionsinthefieldofradarsensing.anceindicatorsmanceatorsitioncyreferstothedegreeofdeviationbetweenthetrueresultsandthesensingresultsatacertainconfidencelevelwhichcanbecharacterizedbythemeansquareerrorThesmallertheerthesensingaccuracySensingdistanceaccuracyvelocityaccuracyccuracyetconutionreferstotheabilitytodistinguishiplesensingtargetsindifferentdimensionsincludingdistanceresolutionvelocityresolution,angularresolution,etc.angereferstothevalidrangeofcertainsensingparametersunderthepremiseofsatisfyingcertainsensingindexesincludingsensingdistancerange,sensingspeedrange,sensinganglerange,etc.tencyisusedtoquantitativelydescribetherealtimerequirementsofasensingservice,suchasthemaximumlatencyfromthegenerationofasensingservicerequesttothefeedbackofthesensingresult.teThesensingupdaterateistheinverseofthetimeintervalbetweentwoadjacentsensingresults. itiesandEnablingTechnologies6Gsensingperformancedependsonthefrequencyband,thesystembandwidth,thestructuresoftransmitterandreceiver,thenumberofantennas,andtheaccuracyofheGintegratedsensingandcommunicationssystemsTable3givesthesensingperformanceindicatorsfortwosystemconfigurations.ThemeasurementsarebasedontheradarSNR(Signal-to-NoiseRatio)calculationmethodandthesensingaccuracycalculationmethod[11].eindicatorsfortwosystemconfigurationssconfiguration1onfigurationquencyidthMHzzNumberofantennaement/8dBiTransmittingpowerdBmistancemnceRCSTargetmaximumocityerentprocessingeanceresolutionAngularresolutionenithceaccuracy~0.1m~0.1m~1m/s~7m/sAngularaccuracyenith~2°/2°~5°/10°manceindicatorsofbasicinformationkinformationprovisionandpublicinformationofindustriesandtheirpotentialperformanceindicatorsincludeavailability,responsiveness,etc.Performanceindicatorsofconvergedcomputing6Gwillsupportconvergedcomputingservicessuchascomputingoffloading,in-ngAIservicesetcTheperformanceofAIservicesincludesachievableperformance(e.g.,AIperformancesuchasnormalizedmeansquareerror,cosinesimilarity,etc.,andcommunicationperformancesuchasdatarate,coverage,blockerrorrate,etc.),AImodelcomplexity,convergencespeed(ortrainingtime),generalizationcapability,datadependency,inferencetime,computationalresourceoverheadfortraining,transmissionresourceoverheadformodeltransfer,andstorageoverhead.TheperformanceofAIservicesdependsmainlyonthedevelopmentofcomputingtechnologiessuchasAIalgorithmsandbigdatatechnologiesin2030andbeyond.6Gcomputingperformanceindicatorsshouldbedeterminedbytheresourcesandperformanceofbothcomputingandcommunicationdeployedin6Gsystem.WhenwerformanceindicatorsofGcomputingservicesitcasesofcomputingandtherelateduserdensityandbusinessmodel,etc.Interactive3Dvirtualdigitalhumansareexpectedtobeoneoftheprevalentapplicationsinthe2030+metaverseera[16].Weassumethatthetargetnumberofgeometries(trianglesorfaces)ofthefuturehigh-precisionandintelligentinteractivevirtualdigitalhumanismorethan500,000.Thepreliminaryevaluationshowsthatthecomputingcapacityrequiredbythedrivingandrenderingofthe3Dvirtualdigitalsmartphonescannotmeetsuchahighcomputingdemand.Meanwhile,thereal-timeinteractiveexperiencebetweenthedigitalhumanandtherealhumanrequiresthatthetotalround-triptimedelaydoesnotexceed200ms.Itcanbepredictedthatthecomputinglatencyrequirementshouldbebetween10msto100ms,excludingotherlatency(e.g.,transmissionlatency).Therenderingdeployedinacentralizedcloudcanhardlymeettheabovedelayrequirement.Thelow-latencyandhigh-capacityprovidedby6Gsystem.Weassumethatthedensityofactiveusersisonepersonper5m2;theaveragetimeperpersonperdayusingthevirtualdigitalhumanapplicationis30tothevolumeofcomputingthroughouttheday)is10%;andthecellcoverageareaiskingtheseassumptionsasanexampletheperformanceindicatorsrequiredbythe3DvirtualdigitalhumanscenarioareshowninTable4.Duetothediversityofcomputingusecases,theoperator's6Gcomputingcapacityneedstobeplannedanddeployedaccordingtothecorrespondingrequirements.dicatorsofcomputingservicesPerformanceindicatorsofcomputingitiontsedonvirtualhumanuserformancendicatorsngowerdensityamountofcomputingpowerthatcanbedeliveredpercoverageunitareaofmobilecommunicationetworkFLOPSkm2nsityforberofcomputingviceconnectionsthatcanbeprovidedpercoverageunitareaofobilecommunicationetwork10000/km2velerformancerskpowerlablepeakcomputingpowerforaSngotallatencyfromthetimeauserinitiatesaequestforacomputings itiesandEnablingTechnologiesrvicetothetimeautingresponseiseivedGefficiencyindicatorsservicesbelongingtoinformationservices.Thecomputingservicesdonotinvolvetheuseofradiowaves,sospectralefficiencyisnotinvolved.Thedefinitionsandrequirementsofefficiencyindicatorsforcommunication,sensingandcomputingareveninTabletorsatorsnatorsatorsatorsDefinition:throughputprovidedpercellperfrequencyresource6Grequirements:2-3timeshigherthan5GThetimeandfrequencyresourcesrequiredtocompleteonesensingtaskN/ADefinition:numberofbitsthatcanbetransmittedperunitofenergy,ortheamountofenergyrequiredtotransmitbitentsMorethan100timesmprovementinnetworkencyEnergyrequiredtoonesensingaskNumberofavailableperunit itiesandEnablingTechnologiescomparedto5G.10to100timesminalciencycomparedto5G.Definition:thenumberofbitsthatcanbetedperunitcostorthecostrequiredtotransmit1bit.6Grequirements:morethan100timesimprovementcomparedto5GCosttocompleteoneskNumberofavailableperunitcatorsGefficiencyindicatorsincludesthefollowingaspects.Flexibility:6Gsystemshallbeeasilydeployedandmaintained.6Gsystemshallsupportadaptationandtailoringofsystemfunctionstoenablenewusecasesandnewbusinessopportunities,andsupportsmoothevolutionfrom5Gto6G.systemwhichachievesflexibleandefficientmanagementofnetworkresourcesshallbesupported.GreenInadditiontosupportinghigherenergyefficiencyindicatorscomparednewableenergytoensurethesustainabilityofthenetwork;6Gwillalsosupportextremelylowpowercommunicationthroughambientenergysupplyandothermeans,soastogreatlyenhanceconnectivityaccessibilityandsupporttheInternetofEverything.Resilience:6Gsystemcanquicklyandautonomouslydetectandidentifyorkattacks itiesandEnablingTechnologiesofthenetworkandservices.Security,privacyandtrustworthiness:6Gneedstomeettheneedsoftrustworthiness,securityandprivacywhenprovidingcommunication,informationandcomputingservices,aswellastherelatedserviceusecases.Forexample,basicinformationservicesneedtoobservelocallawsandregulations,ensurethesecurityofdataandinformation,andprotectuserprivacy.Convergedcomputingneedstoconsidercomputingsecurity,storageorithmprivacyetcGusagescenariosSixcommunicationperformanceindicators,i.e.,datarate,mobility,latency,reliability,areatrafficcapacityandconnectiondensity,andinformation-basedperformanceindicatorsandcomputation-basedperformanceindicators,areconsideredinFigure5.Thethreebasicservices,i.e.,supercommunication,basicinformationandconvergedcomputing,areassociatedtotheaboveindicatorsaccordingtotheimportanceofperformanceindicators(high,mediumorlow).Amongthem,supernisfurtherdividedintothreesubscenariosieeMBBURLLCandmMTC2.0.Giventhediversityof6Gserviceusecasesandthescalabilityof6Gmoreflexiblescenariosbasedonsupercommunications,basicinformationandconvergedcomputingserviceswithinthecapabilityboundaries.FigureGusagescenariosGenablingtechnologiesAsmentionedearlier,6Gwillsupporthighercapabilitiesandserviceexpansioncomparedto5G.Table6summarizesthedifferentcharacteristicsof5Gservicesand6Gservices.GservicesssationcombusinessBasictelecomservices,VoNR,newvoice,5Gmessaging,etc.XR,holographictelepresence,multi-sensoryinterconnection,etc.mobiledataectivityHigher-performanceon-demandmobiledatatyionUEpositioning,somenetworkNativelysupportbasicinformationserviceincludingionwirelesssensing,enhancedonandpublicinformationofndustriesgNativelysupportconvergedcomputingservicesincludingcomputingpower,storage,AI,etc.Tosupport6Gservicesandcapabilities,asshowninFigure6,ontheonehand,signedtosupportawidevarietyof6Gserviceusecases.Ontheotherhand,thekeyenablingtechnologiesneedtobestudiedtomeetthevariousperformanceandefficiencyindicatorsofthe6Gsystem.FigureLogicdiagramof6Gservices,capabilitiesandenablingtechnologiesystemfunctionalframework5GprovidesmaincommunicationservicesincludingVoIMS,SMSandNG-RTC,andprovidespositioningservicesbasedonlocationmanagementfunction(LMF).ThecomputingservicesprovidedbytheexternalcentralcloudorMECarerelatedtotheapplicationdatacarriedby5G,whicharebeyondthescopeof5Gsystem.6GwillenhancetheexistingcommunicationservicesandIMScommunicationservices,andfurthermeetthetransmissionrequirementsofnewusecasessuchasimmersiveXR,holographictelepresence,multi-sensoryinterconnection,etc.Moreover,theservicesofferedby6Gwillalsobefurtherenrichedwiththeadditionofbasicinformationservices,convergedcomputingservices.AsshowninFigure7,correspondingto6Gservices,theexistingcommunicationfunctions,suchasaccessmanagement,mobilitymanagement,sessionmanagement,trolandUPUserPlanedatatransmissionneedenhancementMeanwhilethenewnetworkfunctions,suchassensingfunction,computingfunctionanddatafunction,needtobeintroducedtoachieveintegrationofsensingandcommunication,convergenceofmobilenetworkandcomputing,cross-domaindatainteractionandAI-nativesystem.Fromtheperspectiveofresourceset,6Gwillexpandthecomputingresourcesandstorageresourcesrequiredforcomputingservices,andfurtherexpandspectrumresourcesandwirednetworkresourcesforallthethreeservices.6Gwillsupportreal-timemanagementandschedulingofalltheresourcestomeettheneedsofsystemflexibility.FigureGsystemfunctionalframeworkConvergenceofmobilenetworkandcomputingrkandcomputingfocusesontheconvergenceofcommunicationfunctionandcomputingfunctionin6Gsystemtoprovidecomputingservicesforuserswithcomputingrequirements,wherethecomputingservicesincludeingbothnon-AIcomputingandAIcomputing.6Gsystemwillbettersupportcomputingdatatransmissionbycoordinatingcomputinglatencyandtransmissionlatencydynamically.Duetothedistributednatureof6Gnetworkfunctionnodes,thewidelydistributednodesofintegratedcommunicationandcomputingcanshortenthelatencyofcomputingdatatransmissionandreducetheloadofthebackbonenetwork.Forwirelesscommunicationnetworks,thepotentialprotocolimpactof6GcomputingservicesmaybeatIMSservicelayer,atnetworkfunctionlayerofcoretnetworkfunctionlayerofRANetcForwirednetworktoachieveabettermatchbetweencomputingandwiredtransport,thetransportprotocolsareenhancedtosupporttherealtimeinteractionofroutinginformation,computingstatusinformationolsincludeInternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)ComputeFirstNetworking(CFN),SegmentRoutingoverIPv6(SRv6),Application-awareIPv6Networking(APN6),etc.Besides,thecollaborationbetweenwirelesscommunicationnetworksandwirednetworktosupportend-to-enddynamicadaptationbetweenconnectionandcomputingisanothervaluableresearchdirection.FigureNetworkarchitecturediagramontheconvergenceofmobilenetwork itiesandEnablingTechnologiesThecomputingfunctionin6GsystemcanprovidecomputingoffloadingforUE，andalsoprovidein-networkcomputing.In-networkcomputingreferstosimultaneousfordataduringdatatransmissionbetweenapplicationfunctionandUE,aswellasbetweenUEs.AsshowninFigure8,UEcanselecttheappropriatecomputingnodeandobtaincomputingservicesthrough6Gsystem.Thetypicalconvergedcomputingserviceflowsaredescribedasfollows.UErequests6Gnetworkcomputingpowerfromthenetworkcomputingfunction,andthenetworkcomputingfunctionsendsthecomputingresultstoUE.TheapplicationfunctionorUErequests6Gnetworkcomputingpowerfromthenetworkcomputingfunction,andthenetworkcomputingfunctionsendsthecomputingresulttoUEorapplicationfunction.UErequestsexte