高中英语必修四第二单元重点

1、Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体就跟过去五十年他一直在帮助的千百万的中国农民一样。完成时态的时间表达：(1)for+段时间多长时间以来(2)before以前(3)since+时间点自从什么时间since+时间段+ago自从多长时间以前since+从句自从…sincethen从那以后recently;lately;inrecent+时间最近；最近多长时间sofar;byfar;uptillnow;bynow到现在为止bytheendof.../bythetime...到…时间结尾(7)in/during/forthepast/last+时间段在过去的多长时间里特别提示：如果句子中有以上时间，句子一般要用完成时。before后不能跟时间；否则句子用过去时态。bytheendof.../bythetime...多用于过去完成时或将来完成时。即时活用：1、severalyearshehasbeenworkinglikethis.A.InB.AfterC.ForD.Since2、Theheavyrainfallhascausedvegetablepricestorisedailythelasttwomonths.A.byB.sinceC.forD.with3、-WheredoesMrZhanglive---HehasbeenontheislandtheendoftheLongMarch.A.sinceB.byC.inD.at4、IhavebeeninLondontwice1965.A.inB.sinceC.duringD.when答案：CCAB2、Dr.Yuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.袁博士寻找一种在不扩大土地面积的情况下增加收成的办法。searchvt.搜查Theguardssearchedthehousecarefully.警卫仔细搜查了整个房子。Theysearchedthewoodsforthelostboy.他们搜查整个森林寻找丢失的小孩。联想扩展：(1)searchfor寻找Whatareyousearchingfor你在找什么？(2)searchone'sheart扪心自问IoftensearchmyheartifIamacompetentteacher.我常扪心自问我是不是一个称职的老师。(3)insearchof寻找Westartedatonceinsearchofsomethingtoeat.我们立刻开始寻找可吃的东西。3、Dr.Yuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.袁博士寻找一种在不扩大土地面积的情况下增加收成的办法。expandvi.&vt.用法归纳：(1)膨胀；扩大Atyreexpandswhenyoupumpairintoit.给轮胎充气轮胎会鼓起来的。Xi'anisexpandinginalldirections.西安正在向四周扩大。(2)加大；使膨胀Heatexpandsmetal.热使金属膨胀。Hehasexpandedhisbusiness.他把生意扩大了。联想扩展：expandon细说；阐述Letmeexpandonmyidea.我来阐述一下我的观点。4、Dr.YuanisnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinIndia,Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirharvest.袁博士正在把他的知识用在像印度、越南这些不发达的国家以便于增加它们水稻的产量。circulatevi.&vt•用法归纳：(1)循环；流通Bloodcirculatesinthebody.血液在体内循环。Itdoesgoodtoacountry'seconomyifmoneycirculates.钱流动对国家经济有好处。(2)传播；流传Badnewscirculatesquickly.坏消息传播的很快。Somepeopleliketocirculatefalsenews.有些人喜欢传播假消息。联想扩展：circulationn.循环；传播；发行量5、Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。thanksto幸亏；多亏；由于Thankstotheillness,Ididn'ttakethatflight.多亏生病，我没乘坐那次航班。Thankstotheteacher'shelp,I'vemadesomeprogresswithmyEnglish.由于老师帮助，我的英语取得了一些进步。联想扩展：下列词组中的to为介词lookforwardto期望seeto处理；修理be/getusedto习惯于payattentionto注意getdownto开始认真做leadto导致devote...to贡献stickto坚持；遵循objectto反对preferdoing...to喜欢…胜过于getaroundto找时间做...liveupto不辜负referto指的是；适用于belongto属于compare...to...把…比作turnto转向；求助于addto增力口dueto由于；归功于beaddictedto沉迷于adaptto适应agreeto同意besubjectto受.约束oweto归功于thanksto幸亏；由于loseheartto喜欢tendto倾向于urgeto促使采取taketo喜欢beaccustomedto习惯于即时活用：Iusuallyenjoyhisfilm,butthelatestone.A.didn'tcomeuptomyexpectationB.didn'tturnoutbeyondexpectationC.didn'tliveuptomyhopeD.doesn'tcomeuptoourexpectation答案：C6、Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。倍数表达法倍数(百分数)+形容词比较级+than+比较对象增加.倍Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.这个房子比那个房子大三倍。倍数+as+形容词原形+as+比较对象是.的几倍Thisroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.这个房子是那个房子的三倍。倍数+upon+比较对象增加.倍Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolnowis200%uponthatoflastyear.我们学校现在的学生数量比去年增加了两倍。倍数+over+比较对象增加.倍Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolnowis200%overthatoflastyear.我们学校现在的学生数量比去年增加了两倍。倍数+the+名词+of+比较对象是.的几倍Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.这座桥的长度是那座桥的三倍。即时活用：1、SomepartsinSouthChinahaveexperiencedthisyearastheydidlastyear.A.twiceasmuchrainB.raintwiceasmuchC.astwicemuchrainD.twicerainasmuch2、MyglassescostmethelostpairthatIbought.A.timesthreeB.threetimesmorethanC.threetimesasmuchasD.asmuchthreetimesas3、—Doyouregretpayingfiftydollarsforthedog---No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaidforhim.A.asmuchtwiceB.twicesomuchC.muchtwiceD.twiceasmuch4、Nowthecityisitusedtobe.A.threetimesaslargeasB.threetimelargerasC.largerasthreetimesasD.asthreetimeslargerthan答案：ACDA7、Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。ridv.免除,清除,使...获自由Let'sgetridofthismoldyoldfurniture.咱们把这件发霉的家具扔了。Wewillbegladtogetridofhim.我们很高兴摆脱了他。联想扩展：beridof摆脱掉Shewasgladtoberidofhim.摆脱了他她很高兴。WillIeverberidofthiscold我的感冒还能好吗？getridof摆脱掉；戒掉Ittookmeamonthtogetridofmycough.我的咳嗽一个月后才好。Youshouldgetridofsmoking.你应该戒烟。即时活用：WhatwayareyouthinkingofridofthefliesA.togetB.gettingC.beinggotD.tobegetting答案：A8、Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他宁愿为自己的爱好留点时间。had/wouldrather宁愿I'dratherstayhereacoupleofdays.我想在这儿再呆几天。Ihadratheryoutoldthetruth.我宁愿的说实话。特别提示：had/wouldrather表示“宁愿”时后面跟动词原形；如果后面跟从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即过去式。联想扩展：would/hadrather...than宁愿…而不愿I'dmuchratherdealwithamanthanwithawoman.我愿意和男人打交道，不愿和女人打交道。即时活用：1、Iplayfootballthanbasketball.A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.prefer2、Heinsistedonstayingbackhome.A.ratherthangoingB.ratherthangoC.thangoingD.ratherthantogo3、—ShallItellthemthenews---No,Iwouldrathertheyknow.A.won'tB.don'tC.wouldn'tD.didn't4、I'dgotohellstaywithyou.A.thanB.ratherC.ratherthanD.betterthan5、Infact,MarywouldratherhaveleftforSanFranciscoinLosAngeles.A.bystayingB.thatstayC.thanhavestayedD.tostay6、yourathersitbythewindow.A.Don'tB.WillC.Wouldn'tD.Won't答案：AADCCC9、DrYuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.袁博士从梦中醒来，希望能种植一种可以养活更多人的水稻。withthehopeof...抱着…的希望TheywenttosouthPacificwiththehopeoffindingsomenewplants.他们去南太平洋希望找到一些新植物。Withthehopeofrecovery,shetriedtolivehappily.抱着康复的希望，她尽量愉快的生活。联想扩展：inthehopeof希望能Wegotupearlyinthemorninginthehopeofcatchingthefirstbus.我们早早起床，希望能赶上第一班车。特别提示：“withthehopeof...抱着…的希望”一般表示客观希望；而inthehopeof一般表示主观希望。即时活用：___andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctor'shelptoendherlife.A.HavinggivenuphopeofcureB.WithnohopeforcureC.TherebeinghopeforcureD.Inthehopeofcure答案：B10、Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.经过很长时间，食物中所提供的化学物质会在人的体内聚集。buildup建设起来；发展起来Hehasbuiltupagoodbusinessovertheyears.几年下来他的生意发展的很不错了。Wehaveachievedgreatsuccessesinthecauseofbuildingupourcountry.在建设我们国家的过程中我们取得了很多成功。加强；增强Youmustbuildupyourstrengthagain.你应该加强你的力量。Goodfoodbuildsupthebody.好食品能使身体健康。积累；积聚Wefirsthavetobuildupsomeexperience.首先我们应该积累一些经验。Chinahasbuiltupenoughmoneytocopewiththeeconomiccrisis.中国已经聚集了足够的经济以对以经济危机。逐步增加Thecloudsarebuildingup.乌云在聚积。ThenoisebuiltuptillMarycouldn'tstanditanylonger.声音越来越大知道玛丽再也受不了。即时活用：1、Studentsshouldplaymoreontheplaygroundtouptheir.holdB.getC.keepD.build答案：D2、Ifeltverybadthesedays.Oh,youshouldyourbody.A.buildupB.lookatC.thinkD.takecare答案：A11、Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.他们把注意力集中在保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。focuson用法归纳：对准；把光线集中在…FocusthelightontheobjectwhileIamtakingaphotoofit.我拍照时把光线集中在物体上。Thescientistfocusedthetelescopeonthemoon.那个科学家把望远镜对准月球。把…集中在…上Youshouldfocusyourattentiononyourstudy.你应该把注意力集中在学习上。Alleyeswerefocusedonher.所有眼睛都集中在她身上。12、Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.他们把注意力集中在保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。freeof用法归纳：(1)没有；免受；免交Theoldcouplearenowfreeofburden.那对老年人现在没有负担。Ifyoursalaryisunder1600Yuanonemonth,youarefreeofincometax.如果你每月工资低于1600元，你就可以免交个人所得税。(2)远离；离开WhenIamtired,Icanbefreeofnoisycity.退休后，我就可以远离喧闹的城市。Wewillbefreeofschoolinthreemonths.三个月后我们就能离开学校了。特别提示:freeof还可以作短语动词，表示“使摆脱”。Thehousewifeopenedthewindowtofreetheroomofsmoke.主妇打开窗子让房子里的烟跑一跑。13、Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.这还可使空气、土壤、水和作物不受化学物质污染。keep...freefrom/of使免受…Keepthesevegetablesfreefrompoison.使这些蔬菜别受毒物污染。Societyshouldkeepchildrenfreefrombadeffects.社会应该使孩子们免受坏的影响。联想扩展：(1)free...from...把…从…中解脱出来Teachersshouldfreestudentsfromheavystudies.老师应该把学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。Youshouldfreemefromhousework.你应该让我从家务中解脱出来。(2)befreefrom...无…的；免予…的Thissentenceisfreefrommistake.这个句子没错误。Iamfreefromdisease.我没病。即时活用：---Whatabouttheprotection---Let'skeepthesurfacedirtybyputtingacoveroverit.A.farfromB.freefromC.apartfromD.awayfrom答案：B14、Hewaslostinthought.他陷入深思。belostin用法归纳：消失在…中Thethiefranawayandwaslostinthecrow.小偷逃跑了并且消失在人群中。Thesnowflakesweresoonlostinthewater.雪花很快消失在水中。陷入…；被…所吸引Thestudentwaslostinthought.那个学生陷入深思。Theboywaslostinthebook.男孩被书深深的吸引。(3)迷路Theymustbelostintheforest.他们肯定在森林中迷路了。ItisveryeasyforastrangertogetlostinShanghai.陌生人在上海很容易迷路。即时活用：_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose答案：C15、Hestudiedwaysofkeepingseedsandadvisedfarmerstochooseseed-headswhichhadthebestcolor.他研究保存种子的办法并且建议农民们挑选颜色最好的穗株。advisevt.&vi.建议；劝告；出主意用法归纳：(1)跟名词或代词Theyadvisedanearlystarttomorrow.他们建议明天早点出发。Wehavetostayhere,canIadviseit我们必须呆在这里，我能这样建议吗？(2)advisesb.(not)todosth.建议某人(别)做某事CanyouadvisemewheretostaywhenIwasinXi'an你能建议我在西安时住在哪里吗？Whatwouldyouadvisemetodonext你建议我下来做什么？(3)跟动名词Headvisedstayingathomeatnight.他建议晚上呆在家里。Weadvisedhisstudyingabroad.我们建议他去国外学习。(4)跟从句Theteacheradvisedthathepaymoreattentiontohisspelling.老师建议他多注意拼写。TheyadvisedthatIshouldgiveupmyidea.他们建议我放弃我的想法。特别提示：一坚持：insist二命令：order,command三建议：advise,suggest,propose四要求：ask,demand,require,request后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。另外，以上词作名词时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句的谓语也要用虚拟语气。规定同上。联想扩展：adviseagainst劝…不要adviseon就…出主意advisableadj.明智的；可取的advisedlyadv.有意的；经过考虑的即时活用：1、Wearebydoctorstoeatmorenaturalfoodandtakeplentyofphysicalexercises.A.suggestedB.warnedofC.informedD.advised2、Jackshouldhavetakenthedoctor'sadvicethatheinbedforacoupleofdays.A.wouldlieB.lieC.mustlieD.lay3、Iadviseyouatonce.A．todoyourhomeworkB．doyourhomeworksC．doingyourhomeworkD．didyourhomeworks4、Iadviseyouwaterthatisn'tboiledanymore.A．todrinkB．nottodrinkC．tonotdrinkD．drinking5、Iadvisethepersontoputintoprison.A.referring;beB.referred;beC.refers;beD.referred;being答案：DBABB16、Thenextspringtheseedsshouldbeknockedoutoftheirseed-headsandplanted.第二年春天把种子从穗株中敲出来。knock+O+OC用法归纳：knock+O+形容词Thecarknockedhimsenseless.车把他撞昏了。Hisheavyblowknockedmedumbfounded.他重重的一拳打得我不知所措。knock+O+副词Letmeknockthedustoff.我来把灰尘掸掉。Pleaseknocktheballup.把球打起来。knock+O+介词短语Heknockedthedishoffthetable.他把盘子从桌子上撞下来了。Iknockedmykneeagainstthechair.我把膝盖