北京市西城区高三二模英语试题

北京市西城区2018年高三模拟测试英语本试卷共9页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共 15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’ssonictoehearfromheragain. ,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A．What’smore B．That’stosayC．Inotherwords D．Believeitornot答案是D。—Ted’sflightfromAmsterdamtookmorethan11hours.He beverytiredaftersuchalongtrip.—Yes,especiallyafterworkingallnightbeforetheflight.A.must B.need C.might D.dare【答案】A【翻译】----泰德的飞机从阿姆斯特丹起飞，飞了11个多小时。这么长时间的路途 ，他一定特别累。---是的,尤其是在起飞之前工作了一整晚。【解析】此题考查情态动词 ;must一定;必定,表示有证据的推测 ;need必须;需要;might也许,表示不确定的推测;dare意思是敢。故正确答案是 A。 thereisstillalongwaytogo,webelievethatthedoctor-patientrelationshipinChinaisgraduallyimproving.A.Because B.Unless C.Although D.Once【答案】C【翻译】虽然仍有很长的路要走 ，但是我们相信，在中国，医患之间的关系正逐步提升。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z【解析】此题考查状语从句中的让步状语从句;空格所在句为从句,根据句意,从句是主句的让步状语从句,although表示虽然、尽管；because表示因为;unless表示除非；once表示一旦；故正确答案是 C。Anewengineerwasappointedtodealwiththeproducts bycustomers.A.returning B.returned C.toreturn D.return【答案】B【翻译】一位新的工程师被任命去处理被消费者退回的产品。 【解析】此题考查非谓语；逻辑主语为产品,与return之间是被动关系,故正确答案是 B。Astronomershavediscoveredthatthreeplanetshavesizesandtemperaturessimilarto ofEarth.A.them B.these C.those D.ones【答案】C【翻译】天文学家发现了三颗在大小和气温上跟地球类似的星球。 【解析】此题考查代词；空格位置缺失的是 thesizeandtemperature,the加多个名词相当于代词 those。故正确答案是 C。—Honey,shallweadoptadog?—Adoptingapetdependson wehavetheabilitytocareforit.Actually,wearesobusy.A.that B.whether C.which D.what【答案】B【翻译】---亲爱的，我们养条狗吧？---养狗取决于我们是否有能力照顾好它,实际上,我们很忙。【解析】此题考查名词性从句;主句不完整 ,从句虽完整 ,但缺少意思“是否”。故正确答案是 B。 yourstrengthsandweaknesseswillhelpyouachieveyourdreams.A.Known B.Know C.Knowing D.Beingknown【答案】C【翻译】了解你的长处和短处会帮助你取得成功。【解析】此题考查非谓语；空格所在成分做了主语，能够作主语的非谓语形式是 todo和doing以及它们的被动形式。故正确答案是 Q—Mom,isDadcomingtopickusup?—Yes,Iamsureheontheplatformwhenwepullintothestation.A.stands B.stoodC.hasstood D.willbestanding【答案】D【翻译】----妈妈，爸爸会来接我们吗？----是的，我确定当我们进站的时候，他会站在站台上。【解析】此题考查时态；通过时间状语从句whenwepullintothestation, 反观谓语动词是现在时，主将从现，主句要用将来。故正确答案是 QWithascienceproject,Kevinspenthisentireweekendinthelibrary.A.tocomplete B.havingcompletedC.completing D.completed【答案】A【翻译】因为有个科学项目要完成 ，所以凯文整个星期都待在图书里。【解析】此题考查非谓语；逻辑主语是凯文，和complete动作之间的关系是主动的，花费了一整个星期是要去完成这个项目的，表目的。故正确答案是 AoThemomentIlearnedtheresultsofthecompetitionwasoneofthehappiesttimesinmylife.A.which B.when C.where D.why【答案】B【翻译】我得知比赛结果的那刻是我生命中最开心的时刻之一。【解析】此题考查定语从句 ；主句完整，从句也完整，themoment表时间。故正确答案是 B。Lastyear,everyemployeeinourcompanyaphysicalexaminationfreeofcharge.A.offered B.wasofferedC.hasoffered D.hadbeenoffered【答案】B【翻译】去年，我们公司的每一个雇员都获得了一份免费体检。【解析】此题考查时态；主语employee和ofer提供之间是被动关系。时间状语是去年，为过去的时间。故正确答案是Bo-It'ssoconvenienttousecellphonestopaythesubwayfare.—Yes.thoughtoftheideaisreallybrilliant.A.Wherever B.Whenever C.Whatever D.Whoever【答案】D【翻译】---用手机去支付地铁费用很方便。---是的，不论是谁想出的这个主意真的是太赞了。【解析】此题考查名词性从句；本题主句缺失主语，从句也缺失了主语。 想出主意的应该是“人”，所以空格处应该填的是whoever,故正确答案是DoUponarrivinghome,Lilyfoundthatherhusbandabeautifulcandlelightdinner.A.hadprepared B.ispreparing C.haspreparedD.wouldprepare【答案】A【翻译】回到家，莉莉就发现她老公准备了美丽的烛光晚餐。【解析】此题考查时态；根据主句已知的谓语动词 found可以判断出时间为过去时。当莉莉发现的时候 ，烛光晚餐已经准备好了，所以prepare发生在found之前，过去的过去，用过去完成时。故正确答案是 A。When,thenewbridgewillreducetraveltimebetweenthetwocitiesfromtwohourstothirtyminutes.A.built B.building C.build D.tobuildI【答案】A【翻译】当新桥建好，就会将两个城市之间的行程时间从 2个小时减少到30分钟。【解析】此题考查非谓语；逻辑主语是thenewbridge,与buid动作之间是被动关系，故正确答案是A。Ifithadnotbeenforthekindguide,weourwayinthemountains.

A.wouldloseB.hadlostC.wouldhavelostD.lostA.wouldloseB.hadlostC.wouldhavelostD.lost【答案】C【翻译】要不是这个好心的向导 ，我们就会在山里迷路。【解析】此题考查虚拟语气 ；空格挖在主句里，“要不是这个好心的向导，我们就会在山里迷路”从句意表达来看表示对过去情况的假设，故正确答案是Co—Bythetimewetothemovietheater,theticketsmaybesoldout.-Don'tworry.ItoldJanewemightbelateandshewillbuyourtickets.A.got????????????????????B.hadgot????????????????C.willget D.get【答案】D【翻译】一等我们到了电影院，票也许就卖光了。---不要担心。我告诉过简我们］也许会迟到，她会给我们买着票。【解析】此题考查时态；等我们到达电影院，票也许就卖光了，主句用了情态动词表示将来的意思 ，主将从现时间状语从句用现在时间表示将来的意思。故正确答案是 Do第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。BeCool...StayinSchool!Intheeighthgrade,Iwasstudent-bodypresidentofErwinMiddleSchoolinAsheville.Iconsideredthisquitean16sincetherewereover1,000studentsintheschool.Attheendoftheyear,Iwasaskedtomakeaspeechattheceremonywheremyclasswas17tohighschool.Iknewthishadtobemorethanjustthebriefcommentsastudentmight18give.We'retheclassofMillennium（千禧年）， 19Iwantedmyspeechtobeasspecialaswewere.Ispentseveralnightslyinginbed,20aboutwhattosay.Manythingscrossedmymind,butnoneofthem21allmyclassmates.Thenonenight,it22me.ErwinHighSchoolhasthehighest23rateofanyhighschoolinourcounty.Whatbettergoalcouldwehavethanforeverysingleoneofusto24?ThespeechIgaveongraduationdaywasonly12minuteslong,butwhatitstartedwas25.WhenIannouncedthechallengetomyclassmates,theentireaudience,includingtheparentsandteachers,brokeintoapplause.AsIshowedthepersonalizedcertificatesandsignseachstudentwouldget,Icould26theywerereallyexcited.I'dhadnodeamychallengewouldbringthiskindof27.Throughoutthesummer,Iworkedondevelopingaprogramtocarryour28intohighschool.Igavespeechestolocalclubsandgroups.Ialso29a“DropoutPatrol”,madeupofstudentswhowouldlbgwtohelpandsupportotherstudentsduringbadtimes.Thenwordbeganto30aboutourchallenge.Iappearedonlocaltelevision,andcallsstartedcominginfromeverywhere.Businessesarethrowingtheir31behindus.Wehavebanks,furniturestores,restaurantsandmorewherewecangetdiscountsforourentirefamilywhenweshowour “DropoutPatrol"IDAllthiswas32,becausewearejuststartingadifficultfour-yearjourney,butwehavealreadymadeasignificant33.Lastyear,13kidsdroppedoutofthefreshmanclass.Sofarthisyear,notasinglepersonwhosignedthecommitmenthas34,andthe“DropoutPatrolhasbecomethelargestorganizedgroupintheschool.TheErwinHigh“CommittedClasMofennium"wouldiketoencourageyourclasstostarta35likeours.Wouldn'tigbeatiftheentireclassofMillennium,nationwide,hada100percentgraduationrate?16.A.intensionB.honorC.enjoymentD.advantage17.A.invitedB.transformedC.promotedD.introduced18.A.normallyB.constantlyC.completelyD.gradually19.A.butB.forC.orD.so20.A.thinkingB.arguingC.dreamingD.talking21.A.controlledB.freedC.involvedD.trained22.A.trappedB.upsetC.movedD.hit23.A.successB.dropoutC.passD.graduation24.A.exploreB.leaveC.graduateD.develop25.A.unreliableB.reasonableC.acceptableD.unbelievable26.A.tellB.admitC.rememberD.suggest27.A.pressureB.behaviorC.responseD.respect28.A.commitmentB.researchC.applicationD.responsibility29.A.choseB.followedC.foundD.started30.A.disappearB.spreadC.leakD.come31.A.congratulationsB.supportC.questionsD.doubt32.A.amazingB.interestingC.relaxingD.convincing33.A.appointmentB.impressionC.decisionD.difference34.A.progressedB.quittedC.caredD.tried35.A.requirementB.performanceC.programD.ceremony.【答案】B【解析】此题是名词题 ;根据空格前后 ,Iwasstudent-bodypresidentsincetherewereover1,000studentsintheschool.可知作者是学校学生会的主魔奇学校有 100多个学生 ,可知作者感到非常荣幸所以答案是honor;其余选项含义为：intention（目的;意图）,enjoyment（享受），advantage（优势）;故正确答案是B。.【答案】C【解析】此题是动词题；根据第一段句首可知作者现在是 8年级，又由于空格后有tohighschool,可知我们班是升入高中，所以答案是 promoted淇余选项含义为led（邀请）,transformed（转换）ntroduced（介绍）;故正确答案是C。.【答案】A【解析】此题是副词题；根据|knewthishadtobemorethanjustthebriefcomments以及Weretheclassofmillennium（千禧年 ）可知,作者认为这不是一次普通的发言 ,所以答案是 normally;其余选项含义为:constantly（不断地）,completely（完全地）,graduall（逐渐地 ）;故正确答案是 A。.【答案】 D【解析】此题是连词题 ;根据句空格前后可知 ,作者认为因为是千禧年 ,所以想让这次演讲与众不同，所必答案是so;其余选项含义为but（但是）,for（原因）,or（否则）;故正确答案是D。.【答案】A【解析】此题是动词题；根据|spentseveralnightslyinginbed以及Manythingscrossedmymind,结合作者躺在床上想这次演讲讲什么内容，所以答案是thinking;其余选项含义为：arguing（争论）,dreaming（做梦）,talking（讨论）;故正确答案是A。.【答案】C【解析】此题是动词题；根据句意可知我能想到的演讲内容不能涉及到我们所有的同学 ，所以答案是invoked;其余选项含义为controlled（控制）,freed（释放）,trained（训练）;故正确答案是C。.【答案】 D【解析】此题是动词题 ;根据前文作者一直在想演讲的内容 ,有一天 ,突然想起来一个好主意 ,所以答案是hit;其余选项含义为trapped（诱骗；困住），upset（使苦恼；使不适），moved（移动;打动）;故正确答案是D。.【答案】B【解析】此题是名词题根据第四段作者成立的 a"Dropoutpatrl"madeupofstudentswhowouldbewillingtohelpandsupportotherstudentsduringbadtimes作者是因为母校辍学率高而决定帮助学生度过艰难的时期可知作者的学校辍学率很高 ，所以答案是 dropout其余选项含义为：success（成功）,pass（通过）,graduation（毕业）;故正确答案是B。24【答案】C【解析】此题是动词题；根据上文可知学校辍学率亭以慢成立“DropoutPatrol"可知作者的目标是想帮助每一个学生毕业，所以答案是graduate:其余点含反：6x（探索），leave（离开）,develop（发展）;故正确答案是C.【答案】D【解析】此题是形容词题；此处用来描述演讲的开始，根据下文WhenIannouncedthechallengetomyclassmates,theentireaudience,includingtheparentsandteachers,brokeintoapplause可以推出演讲一开始获得的掌声是超乎作者想象的 ,也就是“难以置信的 ,妙不可言的” ,所以答案是 unbelievable其余选项含义为reliab|e（不可彳t的），reasonab|e伶理的），acceptable（可接受的）;故正确答案是D。.【答案】A【解析】此题是动词题 ;根据Asshowedthe能的personalizecertificatesandsignseach,studentwouldget可知当作者展示这些的时侯能够分辨出大家是真的开心 ,所以答案是 tell;其余选项含义为:admit（承认），remember（记得）,suggest（建议；表明）;故正确答案是A。.【答案】C【解析】此题是名词题；根据上文所有的观众都鼓掌可知， 此处是大家的回应，所以答案response余选项含义为：pressure（压力），behavior（行为），respect（尊重）;故正确答案是C。.【答案】A【解析】此题是名词题；根据前文Whenannouncedthechallengetomyclassmates可知作者已经宣布了挑战，给大家许下了承诺，所以答案是 commitment;其余选项含义为：research的究），application（申请;应用）,responsibility（责任）;故正确答案是A。.【答案】D【解析】此题是动词题；根据上下文可知作者开始了“DropoutPatrol"，所以答案是started;其余选项含义为chose（选择）,followed（跟随）,found（发现）故正确答案是D.【答案】B【解析】此题是动词题 ；根据下文Iappearedonlocaltelevisionandcallsstartedcominginfromeverywhere可知有关我们挑战的报道开始传播 ，所以答案是spread其余选项含义为：disappear（消失）,leak（泄漏）,come（来）;故正确答案是B。.【答案】【解析】此题是名词题；根据下文Wehavebanks,furniturestores,restaurantsandmorewherewecangetdiscountsforourentirefamilywhenweshowour"DropoutPatrol"IDcards 可知我们得至U了很多支持和帮助，所以答案是support;其余选项含义为：congratulations（恭喜），questions（问题），doubt（怀疑）;故正确答案是B。.【答案］A【解析】此题是形容词题；根据下文becausewearejuststartingadifficultfour-yearjourney,butwehavealreadymadeasignificant….以及下文说今年没有一个学生辍学，可知作者非常地吃惊惊喜。所以答案是amazing;其余选项含义为：interesting（有兴趣的），relaxing（放松的）,convinc|ng（令人相信的；有说服力的）。故正确答案是A。.【答案】D【解析】此题是名词题；根据下文作者把去年辍学学 13人和今年没有人辍学进行对比可知取不进步有很大的作用，makeadifference意思是有影响，起作用，所以答案是 difference;其余选项含义为appointment（约会）,impression（印象）,decision（决定）;故正确答案是D。.【答案】B【解析】此题是动词题；根据下文“DropoutPatrol"hasbecomethelargestorganizedgroupintheschool.可知DropoutPatrol成为学校最大的组织，说明这个组织起到了作用，学校今年没有人退学，所以答案是quitted;其余选项含义为：progressed（进步）,cared（在乎）,tried（试图）;故正确答案是B。.【答案】C【解析】此题是名词题；根据动词stat和空格名词的搭配可知是创建和作者项目一样的项目。所以答案是program;其余选项含义为requirement（要求）,performance（表现）,ceremony（典礼；仪式），故正确答案是Co第二部分：阅读理解（共两节， 40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGreatBooksforEveryReader-. SheFliesThroughtheAirJ CircusLifeT LeeStath（Marilees）$She^FHes Paperback$TheA<r E-book$Havingfearofheightsisdefinitelynotanadvantagewhenflyingovercircusringsorswingingfromonetrapezetotheother.RatherconstantpracticeanddeterminationledtrapezeperformernowauthorLeeStath,alsoknowninthecircusworldaspartofTheFlyingMarilees,tosharehowhisinstructormadeoneofthebestcatchersinthecircusworldoutofanunwillingschoolteacher.ThroughSheFliesThroughtheAir,Stathuncoversthedeterminationofthehumanspiritandtheenergeticlifeonacircustrainorinsideasweatytintruck.NeverQuotetheWeathertoaSeaLion

PaulBinder

$ForPaulBinderthecircuswasnmerelyaweekendescape-itwasalifestyle.DiscovertheoriginsofNewYork'belovedBigApplecircusinBinder'snewmemoir,whichrecordshisjourneyfromlowlybeginningstocircusfounder.NeverQuotetheWeathertoaSeaLionwillhelpreadersunderstandtheinner-workingofthecircusandfindthemagicineverydaylife.PaulBinder

$NtwRuimV.l'N^WILKAACenturyonNewBrunswick's.MiramichiNtwRuimV.l'N^WILKAGeorgeS.Mumford$Paperback$E-book$ACenturyonExperiencethegreatnessofnatureandthegloryoflife.InACenturyonNewBrunswicks'.Miramichi,GeorgeS.Mumfordshareshisfather'snouhaarecordedanunforgettablefirsttriptoabreathtakingregionofCanada.IChosetoBea.MarineGeorgeW.Carrington$Paperback$E-book$smilitarymemoirsIChosetobea.MarineisauthorGeorgeW.Carringtonduringhismanyyearsasa.soldieratsea.Thishighlyinterestingandinformativebookisfilledwithstoriesofbraveryandheroismlightenedbyamusingstories,tellsoftheauthormarines.smilitarymemoirsslifeintheIfyouareinterestedinCanadianwilderness,youcanread.slifeintheSheFliesThroughtheAirIChosetoBea.MarineNeverQuotetheWeathertoaSeaLionACenturyonNewBrunswicks.Miramichi【答案】D【解析】此题考查文章细节；本篇阅读介绍的四本书中只有第三本 ACenturyonNewBrunswick's.Miramichi提及了加拿大，故正确答案是D。Whichtwoauthorsofthefollowinghaveasimilarexperience?LeeStathandPaulBinder.LeeStathandGeorgeS.Mumford.PaulBinderandGeorgeW.Carrington.GeorgeS.MumfordandGeorgeW.Carrington.【答案】A【解析】此题考查文章细节；本篇阅读介绍的四本书中，第一本书和第二本书均讲述了与马戏团有关的人生经历，所以第一本书的作者 Leestat和第二本书的作者 PaulBinder拥有相似的经历，故正确答案是AThemainpurposeofthepassageisto.A.introducetheauthors B.providespecialoffersC.expandreaders'horizon D.recommendthebooks【答案】D【解析】此题考查文章主旨；文章一共介绍了四本书籍，并罗列了每本书籍的内容简介与每本书的精彩之处 ,目的就是来推荐书籍 ,故正确答案是 D。BIndian-originAnvithaVijayhasgivenanewmeaningtothephrase “age;isshjueshtasnpurmovbeedr ”thatachievementsandknowledgefollowpassionandnotjustageandexperience.Vijay,wholiveswithherparentsinMelbourne,Australia,attheageofsevenrealisedthatherpiggybankdidnothaveenoughmoneytohireadevelopertomakeheranapp,soshedecidedtoteachherselfhowtocode.WiththehelpofYouTubevideos,theyoungtechielearnedtocode.Foroneentireyear,shewatchedmultiplecodingtutorialsonthewebandbecameaprogrammerherself.Vijay’inspirationfordevelopingtheappswasherlittlesister,whowasstilllearningtotalk.Therefore,Vijaydevelopedaneducationalappforchildrenthatwerehersister ’sage.TheappiscalledSmartkins,which100soundsandflashcardsofdifferentanimalsthathelpchildrenlearnandidentify.Later,VijaydevelopedasimilariOSappforchildrentoidentifyandlearncolors.Eachapphasbeendownloadedthousandsoftimes.Anvitha’sksillswonherascholarshiptoattendabigtechconferencehostedbyAppleinSanFrancisco,California.There,shegottipsfromthepros.Shewenttoworkshopswhereshelearnedaboutthelatestsoftwareforappbuilding.Allthattrainingledtoanideaforathirdapp.Thisone,calledGoalsHi,inspireskidstopracticegoodhabits.Usersarerewardedforachievinggoals,suchaseatingtheirvegetablesorpracticingpiano.Anvithasaystherewardsarelikegettingastickerforajobwelldone.Anvitha’gsoalistocontinuecreatingtechnologythathelpskidslearnwhilehavingfun.Butevenmoreimportanttoheristhattheworldseesthepoweroftechnologyinkids ’hands.“Themoretraininanearlyage,”shesays,“thebetterchancewehaveocfrebaetcivoimtyincghampionswhowillonedaychangetheworld.”Vijaytaughtherselftocodebecause .A.shecouldn’taffordadeveloper B.hersisterbeggedherC.shevaluedhersavingsverymuch D.herparentshadconfidenceinher【答案】A【解析】此题考查文章细节；Vijay学习编码的理由可以定位到文章第二段第一句话"vjay,….tohireadevelopertomakeheranapp."表明Vjay没有钱去雇开发者来帮她做 app,故正确答案是A。Vijay’sappGoalsHiintendstohelpkids .A.identifycolors B.practicegoodhabitsC.learndifferentanimals D.getintechatanearlyage【答案】B【解析】此题考查文章细节；通过题干可以定位到文章第五段第 Aie"Thisone,calledGoalshi,inspireskidstopracticegoodhabits表明这个软件是为了鼓励孩子培养好的习惯 ;故正确答案是 B。Whatistherightorderoftheevents?Learningthelatestsoftwareforappbuilding.Teachingherselfhowtocode.DevelopingSmartkinsapp.BuildingiOSapp.A.cbad B.bacd C.bcda D.cdab【答案】 C【解析】此题考查文章细节 ;题干要求对文章的故事脉络进行顺序排序 ,因此是把握全文的题目。首先第二段介绍了 Vjay自学编码的故事，对应b;第三段为了帮助自己的妹妹建立认知和识别能力开发出来了Smartkins软彳对应c;第三段倒数第二行，随后开发了一个相似的iOs软彳,对应d接着第四段倒数第二行"Shewenttoworkshopswheresheleamedaboutthelatestsoftwareforappbuilding,她去了一些研讨会,在那里她学习了最新的应用程序软件，对应a,故正确答案是CoVijay’sstoryindicatesthat .oneheadcannotholdallwisdompassionfuelstheyoungtoachievefromsmallbeginningscomegreatthingsallthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy【答案】B【解析】此题考查文章主旨；A选项一个人的头脑不能容纳所有人的智慧 ；与文章题目不符；B选项热情激励年轻人有所成就；C选项小的开始也能成就大事；D选项一切事物在变得容易之前都是困难的 ；根据文章第一段第二行" shehasprovedthatachievementsandknowledgefollowpassionandnotjustageandexperience证明，成就和知识跟随激情，而不仅仅仅仅是年龄和经验。故正确答案是 BCBritishanthropologistsRussellHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurham,afterstudyingtheresultsofone-on-oneboxing,taekwondo,Greco-RomanwrestlingandfreestylewrestlingmatchesattheOlympicGames,concludethatwhentwocompetitorsareequallymatchedinfitnessandskill,theathletewearingredismorelikelytowin.HillandBartonreportthatwhenonecompetitorismuchbetterthantheother,colourhasnoeffectontheresult.However,whenthereisonlyasmalldifferencebetweenthem,theeffectofcolourisenoughtotipthebalance.Theanthropologistssaythatthenumberoftimesredwinsisnotsimplybychance,butthattheseresultsarestatisticallysignificant.JoannaSetchell,aprimate（灵长目动物）researcherattheUniversityofCambridge,hasfoundsimilarresultsinnature.ShestudiesthelargeAfricanmonkeysknownasmandrills.Mandrillshavebrightrednosesthatstandoutagainsttheirwhitefaces.Setchell 'sworkphowesfuhamaes—theoneswhoaremoresuccessfulwithfemales—haveabrighterrednosethanothermales.AswellasthestudiesonprimatesbySetchell,anotherstudyshowstheeffectofredamongbirds.Inanexperiment,scientistsputredplasticringsonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesandthisincreasedthebirds 'withfemalezebrafinches.Zebrafinchesalreadyhavebrightredbeaks（鸟喙），sothisstudysuggeststhat,aswithOlympicathletes,anextraflashofredissignificant.Infact,researchersfromtheUniversityofGlasgowsaythatthebirds'brightlycolouredbeaksareanindicatorofhealth.JonathanBlount,abiologist,andhiscolleaguesthinktheyhavefoundproofthatbrightredororangebeaksattractfemalesbecausetheymeanthatthemalesarehealthier.Nothinginnatureissimple,however,becauseinspeciessuchasthebluefootedbooby,acompletelydifferentcolourseemstogivethemalebirdsthesameadvantagewithfemales.Meanwhile,whataboutthoseathleteswhowinintheireventswhilewearingred?Dotheirclothesgivethemanunintentionaladvantage?RobertBartonacceptsthat “thatistheimplication "oftheirfindings.Isportsauthoritiestoconsidernewregulationsonsportsclothing?Accordingtotheirresearch,HillandBartonconcludethat.thecolourofclothinghasaneffectonmostsporteventsredshouldbethechoiceofcolourforclothinginsportsredplaysarolewhencompetitorsareequallycapableathletesperformbetterwhensurroundedbybrightred【答案】C【解析】此题考查段落主旨。 根据题干中的HillandBartonconclude可定位到文章第一段最后一句。“whentwocompetitorsareequallymatchedinfitnessandskill,theathletewearingredismorelikelytowin,在本句中equallymatched对应C选顶中的equallycapable,而morelikelytowin对应C选项中的playsarole。故正确答案是CTheunderlinedwordtip"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A.achieve B.seek C.keep D.change【答案】D【解析】此题考查文章细节。根据题干信息定位到文章第二段。第二段前两句话以 however作为过渡词，所以关系应该为转折。第一句的colourhasnoeffectontheresult与第二句的theeffectofcolourisenoughtotipthebalance应该表达相反的意思。第一句说没有效果 ，所以此处tjp应该表达“打破、改变”的意思。故正确答案是DTheexampleofthebluefootedboobyprovesthat.malebirdsusedifferentbodypartstodrawattentionredisnottheonlycolourtoattractfemalebirdsbluegivesfemalebirdsthesameadvantagebluecanindicatehowhealthyabirdis【答案】B【解析】此题考查段落主旨。根据题干中的bluefootedbooby可以定位到文章第四段后半部分。而根据题干中的example一词可知例子是用来证明作者前面提到的观点。该段前半部分用了大量的篇幅表达红色对于雌性鸟类的吸引。brightredororangebeaksattractfemales.而后面的however表示转折。后半句中再次提到differentcolourseemstogivethemalebirdsthesameadvantagewithfemales.此句中thesameadvantage代的是前方的 attractfemales;故正确答案是B.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatColourImpliesMorePower? B.ATiponClothingC.NeedtoChangetheRulesinSports? D.RedIsforWinners【答案】D【解析】根据题干中的besttitle可知 ,此题考查全文主旨。文章分为 5段。第1段用研究结果表明同等条件下 ,穿红色衣服的运动员获胜机率更大 ;第2段表明根据数字统计 ,红色获胜并非偶然 ;第3段说自然界中红鼻猴子更具优势 ;第4段说在鸟类中同样更具优势 ;第5段提及是否由于这一现象的存在而在体育比赛中更改规则使比赛更加公平。RedIsforwinners最符合题意。故正确答案是 DDTheyhideintrees,hangfromhelicopters,evenfollowpeopledownonmotorcycles—allsothattheycansnapashotofacelebrity.Theyarepaparazzi—photographerswhomakealivingbytakingpicturesoftherichandfamous.ThisSeptember,California,astatewithplentyofcelebrities,passedalawaimedattakingactionagainstpaparazzi.Thelawforbidsphotographersfromenteringprivatepropertytotakepictures,fromusinghigh-techdevicestotakepicturesofpeopleonprivateproperty,andfrom“persistentlyfollowinginordertotakeapicture.”Violatorscanbefinedorspendtimeinprison.TheUnitedStateCongressisconsideringpassingasimilarlaw.SupportersoftheCalifornialawsayitwillprotecttheprivacyofcelebrities,whompaparazzihavebeenbotheringforyears.Opponents（反对者）saythelawrestrictsphotojournalistsfromdoingtheirjob.Mostcelebritiesseemtolikehavingtheirpicturestakenwhentheyareinpublicatawardshowsorotherevents.Afterall,it’sfreepublicity.Butwhenthey’renotinpublic,theysay,photographersshouldleavethemalone.Yetpaparazzihavebeenknowntosecretlylookinwindowsandworse.ActorMichaelJ.Foxsaidthatpaparazzihaveeven“triedtopretendtobemedicalpersonnelatthehospitalwheremywifewasgivingbirthtoourson.”Celebritieshaveasmuchrighttotheirprivacyasanyoneelse,supportersofthelawstate.SupportersfurtherarguethattheCalifornialawisafairwaytokeepthepressatbay,becausethelawstillallowsphotographerstodotheirjob.Itonlypunishesthem,supporterssay,whentheyviolatecelebrities’privacy.OpponentsofthelawsayitviolatestheFirstAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution（美国宪法第一修正案）,whichguaranteesthatnolawswillbemadetolimit “thefreedomofspeech,orofthepress.”Althoughsomepeoplemightnotconsiderpaparazziapartofthelegalpress,theCalifornialawdoesnotsingleoutpaparazzi.Itappliestophotographersworkingforanypublication.Opponentsofthelawarealsoconcernedaboutitswording. “Does‘persistently’meanfollowingsomeoneforsixminutes,sixseconds,orsixdays?”askedlawyerDouglasMirell.Thewordingofthelawistoovague,criticscomplain,andcouldbeusedtopunishalmostanynewsphotographer.TheUnitedStatesneedsafreepresstokeepthepublicinformedaboutimportantnews,paparazzilawopponentssay.Limitingthepressinanyway,theyargue,limitsthefreedomofall.WhichofthefollowingwillbeconsideredillegalbythenewCalifornialaw?Paparazzislippingintothehouseofafamouspersontotakeashot.Paparazzitakingphotosoffamouspeoplewithhigh-techcameras.Paparazzihiringhelicoptersasafastmeansoftransportation.Paparazzirushingtowardsfilmingsitesonmotorcycles.【答案】A【解析】此题考查文章细节根据题目定位到第第二段第二句话 Thelawforbidsphotographersfromenteringprivatepropertytotakepictures”,说明在新的法律中是禁止狗仔队进入私人府邸去拍照的 ;与A选项完全相符；B选项中"withhigh-techcameras"与文章中"withhigh-techdevices”信息重叠但文中说不可以利用高科技设备去拍摄私人府邸，而不是选项中，不可以利用高科技相机拍照，选项与文意不符，故排除B;C和D均是文章首段提及的狗仔队采取过的拍摄手段 ，与新法律提及的保护私人府邸的隐私无关 ；故正确答案是A。Supportersofthenewlawbelievethat.itpreventsthemediafromgettingworseitgivesphotographersafairwaytocompetepunishmentforcespaparazzitoquittheirjobprivacyoffamouspeopleneedsspecialprotection【答案】A【解析】此题考查文章细节；定位在文中第五段第二句 ,SupportersfurtherarguethattheCalifornialawisafairwaytokeepthepressatbay,.”可知支持者认为新的法律是可以让新闻界保持中立发展的 ，与A选项防止媒体界发展的越来越糟糕完全相符 ；从第五段".becausethelawstillallowsphotographerstodotheirjob.Itonlypunishesthem,supporterssay,whentheyviolatecelebritiesprivacy”可知新的法律新没宥弓I起摄影师之间的竞争、制止狗仔队的工作，它只是规范了行业，避免名人的隐私被过分挖掘，但也没有对名人的隐私做额外的保护，因此BCD与文意不符，可排除，故正确答案是AoOpponentsofthenewlawareconcernedthat.Itwillviolatepaparazzi'sprivacytheFirstAmendmentwillbechangedsomephotographerswillbewronglyaccusedpeoplewillnotbeinformedofimportantnews【答案】C【解析】此题考查文章细节 ；定位在第七段最后一句。"Thewordingofthelawistoovague,criticscomplain,andcouldbeusedtopunishalmostanynewsphotographer."法律的用词太过于模糊，这样的用词会让几乎所有的新摄影师被处罚 （控告，与C项相符合；A选项意为“它将侵犯狗仔队的隐私”，与文章内容不符合，故排除A选项;B选项意为“美国宪法第一修正案将被更改 ，文中提到新法律的反对者认为新的法律与美国宪法第一修正案相违背，但并没有提及将对美国宪法第一修正案进行修改 ，故排除B选项;D选项意为“重要的新闻将无法告诉人们：文中并未提,故排除D;故正确答案是CoWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthenewCalifornialaw?A.Critical. B.Neutral. C.Approving. D.Sceptical.【答案】B【解析】此题为考查作者态度的主旨题。整篇文章作者在陈述的是关于 California新法律出台，支持者和反对者的观点及态度，并没有倾向一方，故正确答案是Bo第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BadNewsfortheHighlyIntelligentThereareadvantagestobeingsmart.PeoplewhodowellonIQteststendtobemoresuccessfulintheclassroomandtheworkplace.Theyalsotendtolivelonger,healthierlives,andarelesslikelytoexperiencenegativelifeevents.51Inastudy,RuthKarpinskiandhercolleaguescarriedoutastudyonthemembersofMensa,ahighIQsociety.Thestudycoveredmood（情绪）disordersandanxietydisorders.Respondentswereaskedtoreportwhethertheyhadeversufferedfromeachdisorder.TheresearcherscomparedthepercentageofthosewhoreporteddisordertothenationalaverageandfoundthatMensa 'shighlyintelligentmembersweremorelikesufferfromarangeofseriousdisorders.Toexplaintheirfindings,Karpinskiandhisteambringupthehyperbrainandhyperbodytheory.Thistheoryholdsthat,forallofitsadvantages,beinghighlyintelligentisassociatedwithpsychologicalandphysiological“overexcitabilitiesorOE.,52Thiscanincludeanythingfromanastonishingsoundtoconflictwithanotherperson.Accordingtothetheory,OEsaremorecommoninhighlyintelligentpeople.Ahighlyintelligentpersonmayoveranalyzeadisapprovingcommentmadebyaboss,imagi