OpenLogic：2022年开源报告OpenLogic：2022年开源报告

+The2022StateofOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)2The2022StateofOpenSourceReport2The2022StateofOpenSourceReportfromOpenLogicbyPerforceandtheOpenSourceInitiative(OSI)providesdataonthemostpopularopensourcetechnologiesusedtoday,andshedslightonthebenefitsandbarriersorganizationsexperiencewhenadoptingopensourcesoftware.Thereportcoversthemostimportantopensourcesoftwaretechnologiesusedtoday–includingeverythingfrominfrastructuretechnologiesandprogramminglanguagestoDevOpstoolingandArtificialIntelligencetechnologies.Beyondtechnologies,thereportlooksatopensourcematurityandstrategyindicatorsthatprovideinsightintothetrajectoryofopensourceandbroadertechnologystrategiesfororganizationsaroundtheworld.ForewordDearcolleagues,I’mdelightedtowelcomeyoutothe2022StateofOpenSourceReport–acollaborationbetweenOpenLogicbyPerforceandtheOpenSourceInitiative(OSI).Inplanningthisyear’sedition,wesetouttoreassessandimproveeveryfacetofthereport.Wefoundnewwaystoensureweattractedrespondentsfromallregions,organizationsizes,andindustries.Were-inspectedoursurveyandfoundwaystomakeitmorerepresentativeofnotonlyopensourcetechnologyadoption,buttheplanning,strategy,andcommunitycontributionsthatmarkorganizationalopensourcematurity.Mostimportantly,wediscoveredawaytomakethereportmorealignedwiththecollaborativespiritofopensource.BycollaboratingwithOSIExecutiveDirectorStefanoMaffullionthisyear’sreport,wewereabletolaunchamorecompletesurvey,andonethatsucceededinbetterrepresentingthoseworkingwithopensourcesoftwarearoundtheworld.Inthesixweeksthesurveywasopen,wedrew2660respondentsfromeverycorneroftheglobe.Thedatafromthoserespondentshasformedwhatwetrulybelievetobeanunparalleledviewintothestateofopensourcesoftwarein2022.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport3Therearesomefamiliarstories.Thefirstbeingthatopensourceadoptioniscontinuingtoexpand.In2021,77%oforganizationsreportedanincreaseintheuseofopensourcesoftware,with36%indicatingasignificantincrease.Thereasonsforthatincreasedadoptionarefamiliaraswell–mostrespondentsindicatedthattheyuseopensourcesoftwaretoaccessthelatestinnovations.Buttherearesomenewstories,too.Thecontinuedexpansionofthedigitaleconomyintoallindustries—whenpairedwiththe“greatresignation”andtheongoingpandemic—hasturnedfindingqualifiedopensourcetalentintoamajorhurdlefororganizationsofallshapesandsizes.Evenwiththatturmoil,thefutureforopensourcesoftwareisundoubtedlybright.Organizations,ataminimum,arebecomingmoreopensourceaware–andmanyarecontributingbacktoopensourceprojectsandorganizationstoensurethattheopensourcetheyingestisstable,secure,andcommunity-driven.Opensourceisfindingnewfootholdsinemergingareas,andbecomingmoreaccessibleandmorecriticaltoallmanneroforganizations.OnbehalfofOpenLogicbyPerforceandtheOpenSourceInitiative,Iinviteyoutoreadandenjoythisreport,tocontinuetoenrichyouropensourceknowledge,andtocontributebacktotheopensourcesoftwarecommunitiesthatmakereportslikethesepossible.Happyreading,ChiefEvangelist,OpenSourceandAPIManagementOpenLogicbyPerforceOpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport4ExecutiveSummary2Foreword2TableofContents4AbouttheSurvey5SurveyResults8TopOpenSourceProgrammingLanguages/Runtimes24urceFrameworkTechnologiesTopOpenSourceDataTechnologies36OrchestrationTechnologiesTopOpenSourceCI/CDTools55TopOpenSourceArtificialIntelligenceTechnologies60OpenSourcePriorities,Strategy,Maturity,andStewardship66OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport5AbouttheSurveyThe2022StateofOpenSourceReportisbasedonananonymoussurveyconductedbetweenNovember30,2021,andJanuary6,2022.Ittargetedprofessionalsaroundtheworldworkingwithopensourcesoftwareintheirorganizations.Thesurveyreceivedatotalof2,660responses.Tohelpsegmentandanalyzethesurveyresults,weaskedrespondentsbasicfirmographicquestions,includingtheircompanyvertical,size,region,andjobtitle.Itwasnosurprisethatthelargestblockofrespondentsworkinthetechnologyspace.Respondentsfromavarietyofindustriesalsoparticipated,fromConsultingandtheFinancialsector,tootherverticalslikeHealthcareandManufacturing.Onlyasmallpercentageofrespondentsselected“Other”industry,amongthemtheGamingandMediaindustries.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport6Oursurveyrespondentsrepresentedanearly-evendistributionoflarge,medium,andsmallorganizations.Everyoneisusingopensourcesoftware.Opensourcesoftwareisglobal,andwhilethesurveyinitiallytargetedaNorthAmericanaudience,itquicklydrewresponsesfromacrosstheworld—evenafewfromOceania.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport7Tofinalizedemographicinformationandtohelpthereadersofthisreportunderstandwhoparticipatedinthesurvey,weaskedtherespondentstoselecttheclosestoptiontotheircurrentjobtitle.Thereisalargesetofcurrentrolesinvolvedwithopensourcesoftwareamongrespondents.WealsoreceivedresponsesfromCEOs,professors,andconsultants.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport8“77%ofrespondentsindicatedtheyhaveincreasedthe“77%ofrespondentsindicatedtheyhaveincreasedtheuseofopensourcesoftwareintheirorganizations”ofOpenSourceSoftwaresurveywithaquestionaboutorganizationalusageandadoptionofopensourcesoftwarewithinthepastyear.WereceivedanemphaticYES,withover77%ofrespondentsindicatingtheyhaveincreasedtheuseofopensourcesoftwareintheirorganizations,andanimpressive36%indicatingthattheysignificantlyincreasedtheuseofopensource.Perhapsevenmoreinterestingisthatonly1.6%ofovertwothousandrespondentsindicatedthattheyreducedtheusageofopensourcesoftware.Bythis,andothermeasurements,wecansafelysaythattheuseofopensourcesoftwareisgreaterthaneverandcontinuestogrow.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)Afterourdemographicandfirmographicquestions,weaskedaboutthetypeAfterourdemographicandfirmographicquestions,weaskedaboutthetypeofopensourcesoftwareusedintheirorganizations.Acrossallrespondents,wecanseethattheadoptionisnolongerdominatedbyoneortwotypesoftechnologiessuchasprogramminglanguagesandLinuxoperatingsystem.Weseethatorganizationsareusingopensourcesoftwareacrossavastspectrumoftechnologies.Wecanhighlightthat,asexpected,thegrowthanddiversityofopensourcedatatechnologiesistheresultofhighdemandforinnovationandalternativestoproprietarysoftware.Thisgrowthisevidentintheresults,with36.4%ofrespondentsusingopensourcedatatechnologiesintheirorganization.OpensourceCI/CDtoolingcontinuestogainadoption,withourresultsindicatingthere’smoreusageofopensourceCI/CDtoolingthantheuseofcontainertechnologyoropensourcemiddleware.Whenlookingatresponsesbyregion,thereareevenmoreimpressivenumbers.Fourregions-NorthAmerica,MiddleEast,Africa,andAsia-increasedtheuseofopensourceintheirorganizationsbyover80%.““OpensourceadoptionisnolongerdominatedbyprogramminglanguagesandLinux.Opensourceusagenowspansavastspectrumofcriticaltechnologies.”OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport10AswebreakdowntheusageresultsofopensourceCI/CDtooling,wecanseeacleardistinctionbetweensmallandlargeorganizations.Over35%oftherespondentsworkinginlargeorganizations(over1,000employees)areusingopensourceCI/CDwhilethereisonly19%adoptioninsmallorganizations(under100employees).PerhapsthereducednumberofdevelopersinsmallorganizationsallowsthemtomanagereleaseswithoutCI/CD,whileithasbecomeamust-haveforlargeorganizations.The22%useofopensourcesecuritytoolsisanimportantnumberthatwehopetoseeincreasingoverthenext12months.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)Thesetopfivereservationslargelydidn’tdivergeforThesetopfivereservationslargelydidn’tdivergeforlarge,medium,orsmallorganizations,althoughthe“Idon’thaveanyreservations”jumpedtothetopresponseforsmallorganizations.Over27%oftherespondentsindicatedthattheydon’thaveanyreservationsusingopensourcesoftware,vs.37%insmallorganizations.Theadoptionandusageofopensourcesoftwarestartedmanyyearsago.Lastyear’s30thanniversaryofLinuxremindedusthatopensourcesoftwarestartedtotakeoffthreedecadesago.Despiteamazinggrowthbyallmeasurements,andmoresowiththeuseofthecloudandcloud-nativetechnologiesinrecentyears,therearestillreservationsforconsumingsomeopensourcetechnologies.Weaskedforthemostcommonconcernsorreservationsintheuseofopensourcesoftware,andweobtainedfivetopanswersacrossourlargenumberofrespondents:LackLackofinternalskillstotest,use,integrate,andsupportRestrictionsinsomeopensourcelicensesItdoesn’tscaleaswellasproprietarysoftwareThere’snoreal-timesupportIdon’thaveanyreservations•••••““37%ofsmallorganizationsexpressednoreservationsinusingopensourcesoftware.”Lackofinternalskillsandformaltechnicalsupportcontinuestobeatopconcernintheuseofopensourcesoftware.RespondentsinindustriessuchasFinanceandTelecommunicationsclearlyshowedthosereasonsastopconcernsinadoptingmoreopensourcesoftware.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport12“Thereissignificantawarenessofopensourcelicenses—“Thereissignificantawarenessofopensourcelicenses—markingasolidunderstandingofopensourcelicenseswithcopyleftrestrictions.”importanthighlightforthisreport.TheOpenSourceInitiative(OSI),co-sponsorofthisreport,hasworkedforyearsonpromotingawarenessandeducationofopensourcesoftwarelicensing.Thissurveyresultshowsusthereissignificantawarenessofopensourcelicenses.Thispointstoanunderstandingoftheimpactonproprietarysoftware,dependingonwhatopensourcelicenseisused,fromcopyleftoptionstopatentprovisions.Breakingdownthesurveyresultsbytherolesoftherespondents,restrictionsinsomeopensourcelicenseswasatopreservationamongEngineersandDevelopers.Allsaid,itisgreattoseeprogressinawarenessofopensourcelicenses.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceAfteraskingaboutreservationsontheuseofopensourcesoftware,thenextlogicalstepwastoidentifythetopreasonswhyorganizationschooseopensourcesoftware.Weaskedforthemostcommonreasonsfortheuseofopensourcesoftware,andagain,weobtainedaclear“top-five”selectionacrossallrespondents.AccessAccesstoinnovationsandlatesttechnologiesNolicensecost,overallcostreductionTomodernizetechnologystackManyoptionsforsimilartechnologiesConstantreleasesandpatches•••••Inorderofselection,wehighlightthataccesstoinnovationwasthetopselection,followedbynolicensecostandoverallcostreduction.Thisresultreinforces“Peoplearechoosingopensourcesoftwarebecausethat“Peoplearechoosingopensourcesoftwarebecausethat’swheresoftwareinnovationishappening.”softwarebecausethat’swheresoftwareinnovationishappening.Thereusabilityofopensourcesoftware,includingthousandsoflibraries,allowsorganizationstoreducecosts,andspeeduptimetomarket—allwhilemodernizingtheirtechnologystack.Infact,over36%ofrespondentsindicatedtheyuseopensourcetomodernizetheirtechnologystack.It’snosurprisethattheuseofcontainertechnology,cloud-relatedtools,anddatatechnologiesarethetypesofopensourcesoftwarethatorganizationsareusingtomodernizetheirstacksandkeepupwithnewtechnologies.Overonethirdofrespondentsindicatedthatthenumberofoptionsforsimilartechnologieswasatopfactorinusingopensourcesoftware.FromDevOpstodatatechnologies,thematurationofopensourcecommunitiesfostersagrowingecosystemoftechnologies.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport14Usingopensourcesoftwaretoreducevendorlock-inreceived27%ofresponses.Meanwhile,asurprisinglylownumberofrespondents(12%)indicatedthatopensourcemakesiteasiertohireengineers.enWhenwelookatthetopfactorstouseopensourcesoftwarebygeographicalregion,wemadeaninterestingdiscovery—thetopthreefactorsvarywidelyacrossourtopthreerespondentregions.InthecaseofNorthAmericaandtheUKandEuropeyoucanseeinthechartsbelowthatthereasonstouseopensourcesoftwarevaries.WeshouldhighlightthatintheUKandEuropethenumberonereasontouseopensourcesoftwareinorganizationsisnolicensecostandoverallcostreduction.WhileinNorthAmerica,accesstoinnovationandlatesttechnologiesisthebiggestfactor.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport15OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport16Inthissectionofthereport,wefocusonthemost-usedopensourceinfrastructuretechnologiesandconsiderationsfortheiruse.Todeterminethemost-usedtechnologies,wecreatedalistofthemostpopularoptions,includingacombinationofopensourceLinuxdistributions,virtualizationtechnologies,andcontainer-relatedtechnologies.Therewasnolimitintheselection,allowingrespondentstoselectallopensourceinfrastructuretechnologiesusedintheirorganizations.Asinpreviousyears,UbuntuLinuxandDockerwerethemostpopulartechnologiesusedinopensourceinfrastructure.Inmanycases,respondentsselectedmultipleLinuxdistributions—indicatingthatrespondentorganizationshavediversedevelopmentandproductionenvironments.ContainertechnologiesfollowingtheOpenContainerInitiativestandards(e.g.Podman,Docker,andothers)showedsignificantusage.But,justlikeKubernetesandrelatedcontainerorchestrationtechnologies,theystillhaveplentyofroomforgrowth.OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport17OtherOpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)Asexpected,giventherecentCentOS8end-of-life(December31,2021),wesawAsexpected,giventherecentCentOS8end-of-life(December31,2021),wesawareductionintheuseofCentOScomparedtolastyear’ssurvey.ThetopthreeLinuxdistributionscontinuetobeUbuntu,Debian,andCentOS.AnotherhighlightisthefactthatOpenStackusagebeatKubernetesby2%,with17%vs.15%overallusage.Whenwebreakdownthosetworesultsbyindustry,weseelargerdifferencesintheTechnologyandTelecommunicationsindustries.““RockyLinux,AlmaLinux,andNavyLinuxshowedsignificantgains.”NewLinuxdistributionsthatcomefromcopiesorforksofCentOS,likeRockyLinux,AlmaLinux,andNavyLinux,showedsignificantgains—especiallygiventhefactthattheydidnotexist12monthsago.““OpenStackisapopularselectioninthetelecommunicationsindustryaswellasbanking,insuranceandfinancialservices.”OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport19Afterrespondentslistedtheopensourceinfrastructuretechnologiesusedintheirorganizations,weaskedwhattheyconsideredimportantwhenchoosingthosetechnologies.Inorderofimportance,respondentsselectedthetopfivereasonstousetheirselectedopensourceinfrastructure.Thesurveyfoundthat,justlikeinthepreviousyear’ssurvey,securityandpatcheswerethemostimportantpointofconsiderationwhenchoosinginfrastructuretechnologieslikeLinuxdistributionsandcontainers.27%ofrespondentsreporteditastheirmostimportantconsideration,followedcloselybystabilityandrobustnessofthetechnologyat26%.Levelofproficiencyandexperiencewasalsoatopfactor,andwasclearlyshownasthethirdmostimportantfactorformostrespondents.Licensingcost,whileanimportantfactor,obtainedthefewest“mostimportant”classificationsamongrespondents.Thisagainhighlightsthatopensourceinfrastructuresoftwareiswidelyusedforitsbenefitsinsecurity,patching,andstability—andthatlicensingcostsareconsideredalessimportantfactor.InInOrderofImportance(NotImportant—MostImportant)RanktheNNotImportantMildlyImportantImportantVeryImportant4.77%17.90%31.58%29.26%4.61%17.02%31.93%30.16%1.32%11.56%27.50%32.57%1.59%11.44%26.07%34.15%2.14%13.97%29.75%32.89%LicensingcostEnterprisetechnicalsupportSecurityandpatchesStabilityandrobustnessLevelofproficiencyandexperienceMostImportant16.49%16.29%27.04%26.75%21.25%OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport20“Largeorganizationsusecommunityversionsofimportantopensource“Largeorganizationsusecommunityversionsofimportantopensourceinfrastructuretechnologieswithoutpayingforproprietaryversions-likeLinuxandcontainertooling.”opensourceinfrastructureamongrespondentsworkingforlargeorganizations(over1,000employees),havingsecurityandpatchesremainsthemostimportantreason.Aninterestingfactisthatthekeyfactorrelatedtohavingenterprisetechnicalsupportwasclassifiedasonlyimportant,notveryimportantormostimportant.ThislaststatistichighlightsthefactthatlargeorganizationsareusingcommunityversionsofopensourcewithoutpayingforproprietaryversionsofimportantinfrastructuretechnologieslikeLinuxandcontainertooling.structuretechnologyamonglargeorganizations:Securityandpatches27%Stabilityandrobustness26%Levelofproficiencyandexperience20%2.3.Bybreakingdownthereasonstouseopensourceinfrastructurebyindustry,wewereabletobetterunderstandtherequirementsandperceptionsofeachindustry.Thefollowingchartshowseachfactor,followedbytheindustrythatselecteditmostcommonlyastheirtopfactorinusingopensourceinfrastructuresoftware.LicensingLicensingcost:Banking,Insurance,orFinancialServicesEnterprisetechnicalsupport:ManufacturingSecurityandpatches:TechnologyStabilityandrobustness:TechnologyLevelofproficiencyandexperience:VehicleandTransportation•••••OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport21Afterrankingthetopfivereasonswhyrespondentsusetheirselectedopensourceinfrastructure,weaskedaboutthesupportchallengeswhileusingthatselectedopensourceinfrastructure.Speakingtothelevelofmaturityandfrequentuseofthesetechnologies,theresponseshighlightedtheneedforimprovements,moreopensourcesoftware,moreopensourcecontributions,andbusinessopportunitiestoaddressthosechallenges.51%ofrespondentslistedinstallation,upgrades,andconfigurationissuesasthetopchallengeinusingtheiropensourceinfrastructuretechnologies.Thistopchallengeiscloselyrelatedtothenumbertworeasonselected,personnelexperienceandproficiency–whichrepresented47%ofrespondents.Thesefindingspointtothecomplexityofadministration,support,andmaintenanceofinfrastructuretechnologyand,inmanycases,thenecessityofexpertlevelandcertifiedpersonnel.OpenSourceSoftwareInfrastructure?OpenLogicOpenLogicbyPerforce©PerforceSoftware,Inc.Alltrademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.(0220TKP22V5)The2022StateofOpenSourceReport22Whenwelookatthesamesupportchallengeswhenusingopensourceinfrastructureamongrespondentsworkingforlarge(over1,000employees)andmediumorganizations(100-1,000employees),theresultsareverysimilar.Forrespondentsworkinginsmallorganizations(lessthan100employees),infrastructurescalabilityandperformancewasnotasupportchallenge.timportantsupportchallengesforopensourceinfrastructuretechnologyamon