2023年上海市英语中级口译笔试

2023.3上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试ＳECTＩON１:ＬＩSTENＩNGTESＴ(40minuteｓ)PartA:SpotDiｃｔaｔioｎDirectｉons:Iｎthisparｔｏfｔhetｅｓt,yｏuｗilｌｈeaｒapａssagｅanｄreadtｈｅsamepassagewithｂｌａｎksiｎit.Fillineacｈoftｈebｌanｋswitｈtheworｄorworｄｓyouhavehｅarｄonthｅtapｅ.WriｔeｙourａnsweｒinｔｈｅｃｏrrespｏｎdｉｎｇspaceinyoｕAＮSＷERBＯＯKＬET.RememｂeryouｗillｈearthｅｐassａgeONＬYＯNCＥ.ﻩＥxpeｒienｃeiｓthegrｅａtteａcher.Astudeｎtneedstoｂewellｖersediｎtｈeory.Inoｔherwords,ｈeｃanleaｒｎ(１)frombooｋｓ,butitｉｓtｈeexperienceofthesｉtuａｔiｏnsandｔｈｅapplicatiｏnofthiｓkｎowlｅdgethatwill(２)．Ｗiththｉsinmind,mａnysｃｈｏoｌsnowａdayshaveincｏrｐorａｔedintｏtheirｃurriculaａcｔivitiesoｆoｕｔdooreｄuｃation,sucｈａｓfieldtrips,campiｎgholiｄａｙsand(３)．Toｏｕrstｕdentｓfｒomlargecitiｅs,ｔhecouｎtｒysiｄeｈastｗｏ(4):oｎeiｓthevaｓtwealthofwｉｌdｌiｆe,hiｓtoricalｒeｌicsanｄｓceniｃgrandeuｒthatis(5);theｏthｅrｉsｔhepｕreｊoyｏfphysicalexhilａraｔｉonwｈichisparｔandparcelofeveryｔreｋｏr(６).Iｆwefaｉｌtoeｘｐloitｂｏtｈ(7),weaｒeｔｈelosers．Whiｌeenjoyｉｎgｔhefoｒmeｒ,wｅhavemoveｄintｏtheｒeaｌmsofthelaｔter(8）.Ｔｈereshoｕｌdbenodoｕbtaboutｔheｖerｙreaｌ（9)ｔoｂｅgａinedbｙpａrtｉciｐａｔioninoｕtdｏoraｃtivｉties.Althoughphysicａleduｃatiｏninschooｌs(1０)cｏnsiｄeｒａbly,ｔhegeｎeralpictureｉｓsｔillｏｆ(1１)pｅrioｄsdｏｔtｅdheｒeaｎdtherethroｕghouttheaｃadｅmiｃyeａr.Inｔheｗideｒfieldoｆ(12）,however,ｔheｐhysｉcaleffort,ｅveｎthouｇhitｍayonｌyinvolve(１3),conｔinueｓoverｌｏngperioｄsａnｄｏftenonａ（１4）foｒｓｅｖｅrａldaysonenｄ.Ｔhephｙsｉcalｉmｐrｏveｍｅntisveryobviousａｎd(15)aｆｔｅｒasshortａｔimeａｓ,saｙ,tendaｙs.ﻩ Ｔhewｉderangｅofoｕtdoorａctivitiｅsincｒｅaseｓthｅ（１6）.Ａnｄtｈｅrｅａｒeｍanyinｓtａncｅsiｎwhich(１７)hａvetaｓtedthelaｓtｉnｇsatisfactionofｔheｉrｆｉｒst（18),oｆｔenundeｒｔeｓtingsituatioｎs.Tｈisiｓａbasｉcｅssｅntiａｌａnｄｂrｅeｄs(19)ａswｅllasrespectforothers.Fｕrtherｍｏre,ｉtｏftenprodｕceｓａndairofseｌf-confｉdenｃeｗhｉch（20）ｍａywellhavｅdamaｇedinsomｅstuｄeｎts.ParｔB:LisｔｅningCｏmprehensiｏnI.StatementsDirections：Inｔｈiｓpaｒtoｆthetｅｓt,youwｉllhearseveralshoｒｔstatemeｎｔs.ThｅsestaｔemeｎtsｗｉlｌbespokenOＮＬＹOＮＣE,anｄｙouwillnｏtｆinｄｔhemwｒittｅnoｎtｈepaｐer;soｙoｕmｕstｌisteｎｃａrefuｌlｙ．Wheｎyｏuhearａｓtaｔemｅnt，rｅadtｈeansｗerchoicesａnｄdecidewhichoｎeｉscloｓestinmeaninｇtｏthestａteｍenｔyouｈavｅhｅａｒd.ThｅnｗrｉtｅtｈeletteroｆtｈｅanｓｗeryouｈａveｃhｏseｎinthｅcoｒresponｄingspａceinyoｕＡＮSＷERＢＯOKLＥT.1.ﻩA.Whydoesn’tGｅorgｅwanｔtｏwｒiteoutｔhｅｏutｌｉnｅ？ﻩB.ＷhydoｙouthiｎｋGｅorgecan’tdoanoutliｎｅfｏｒuｓ? C.ＩfＧｅorgｅｗａｎtsusｔoｄoaｎoｕtｌine,he’ｌlｈａveｔoaskus.ﻩＤ.SiｎｃｅGeoｒgeiswilling,heshoｕｌdｂeaｌloｗeｄtodｏtｈeoｕtｌine.2. A．Itｔookusａboｕtｔwｏｈourstｏdrｉveｉntotｈeｃityｔｏdaｙ. B.Ｔｈecityiｓaｔwo-ｈourdriveｆromhere.ﻩC．Weｍustcarrｙanｅxtrａtirewithuswｈendｒiving. D.Wｅhadtorunforaｎhｏurｂecauseourcarbｒoｋedown.３. Ａ.Ｎoｗwepay5ceｎｔｓ.ﻩ ﻩﻩ B.Nowweprinthalf-sizepａges．ﻩＣ．Nｏｗweｐａｙ15cｅnts. ﻩﻩﻩD.Nowｗｅpay2０ｃeｎts.4. A.Ｔｈepoｓｔoｆｆiｃeｗaｓslｏwindｅliveｒingthｅlｅtteｒ. Ｂ.youｆaiｌedtogiveyournｅwaddresstoｔhｅpｏstoｆfｉｃｅ.ﻩC.Theposｔoｆｆiceｄidn’tprｏceｓstｈeｃｈangeofaddressfasｔenoｕgh． D.Ｙｏufｏｒｇottowriｔeyournｅｗaddresｓontｈeｌetteｒ.5.ﻩA．Mrs.Grｅensigｎedwhｅnｓhｅhearｄthesuggestｉon. B.Mrs．Greenrｅｊectedtｈｅｃommｉｔtee’ssuggeｓtｉon．ﻩＣ.Mrs．Greenquitwｈeｎherideａｗａsnotａcceｐｔed． D．Mrs.Greendidn’tacｃeptthｅsignaｔurｅ.６． A.Ｔhｅplａnelｅfｔtwohouｒsbefoｒe.ﻩB.Ｔheplaneｌeftatteno’cｌockintheｍｏrning.ﻩＣ.Ｔheplaneleftattwｏｏ’clocｋiｎtheａｆtｅrnoon. D．Ｔｈepｌanｅleｆtａtfouro’clockintｈｅafternｏoｎ．7.ﻩA.IknｏwwhｙPaulhaｓn’tarrivedａlthouｇｈhｅwａsｄueeａrｌier. B.Iｃan’tunｄｅrstandwhyＰauｌiｓherｅ.ﻩC.Pauｌisｄuetoｐayｆｏrtｈemｅaｌticket.ﻩD.Idoｎ’tknowwhyＰaulislaｔeforthemeeｔiｎｇ.８.ﻩA．Tｈｅnewlｙ-compｌetedbriｄgeｗaswasｍanymｉlｅsaｗay.ﻩB.Oｎeｏfoｕrplanｓwａstoｓｅtupａnewbrｉdgebeｈiｎｄthｅrｏad.Ｃ.Theｂuｉldingｏfｔｈenｅwbridgewａsnoｔfinｉｓhediｎtiｍe.ﻩD.Wewereunａbleｔoｆｉtintｏｏurschｅdulethｅvisiｔｔotｈeｎewbridge．9. A．Thｅpｒoblｅmsaｒefargrｅatｅrthanwehaｄexpｅcteｄ. B.Ｔhenaｍeｏｆｔhesｃieｎｔistiｓjｕstｏnthetipofmytonｇｕｅ． C.Onｅｅnviｒonmenｔａlissｕｅofoｕrtimeistｈeprobleｍofｔheiceｂerg. Ｄ.Wｅshoｕｌdnoｔｔakethｅsｅeｎｖiroｎmentalproblemｓtooseriouslｙ.10.Ａ．Ｍr.Cartermａdealaｓtmiｎｕｔedｅcisionnｏttofuｎｄｔhｅproject． B.Mｒ.Cartｅrｗａsthelasttofindouttheerｒorｓintｈeｒeｐｏｒt. C.ItｗaｓＭr.Caｒｔer’scａｒthatbacｋeｄｏuｔofthｅｆinanceｄeｐartｍentlaｓtnight. Ｄ．Theｒewereｍoｒeminｉ-carｓsｏlｄbecａuseｏftｈefiｎａnｃialｃrisis.Ⅱ.TalkｓａndＣｏnｖersatｉonｓDiｒｅｃｔｉoｎs：Ｉｎthisｐａｒｔｏftｈeｔest，ｙoｕwiｌlhearseｖeralshoｒｔｔalksandcｏnｖerｓationｓ.Aｆtereachoｆｔhｅse,youwillｈeaｒaｆｅwquestiｏnｓ.Listencaｒefullｙ，becauｓeｙouｗｉllhearｔhetａlkorofｔｈesｅ,youwilｌhearａfewquｅstｉoｎs.Lisｔｅncａrｅfully,ｂｅcauseyｏuwilｌhｅａrtheｔalkoｒｃoｎversationandtheqｕestｉonsOＮＬＹOＮＣＥ．Ｗhenyoｕheａｒaqueｓtion,reａdtｈefoｕraｎｓｗeｒcｈoｉcesandchoosｅthebestansｗeｒtoｔhａtquｅstiｏn.TｈｅnwritetｈelettｅｒoftheaｎｓｗeryoｕhａvｅｃｈｏseninｔheｃorrespoｎdingｓｐaｃｅｉｎｙｏurANSＷERBＯOKLET.Quｅsｔｉons11~１411.Ａ.Furniture ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩB.TｅlepｈoneﻩC.Winｅﻩ ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩﻩD.Paper12．A.Ｔhelaｔeｄelivｅryﻩ ﻩﻩ B.TｈeｉncoｍpletedｏｃumｅｎtﻩC.Tｈequalityoftｈewinｅ ﻩ D.Tｈeunｒｅliabiｌityofｔｈeａgentｓ13.A.Somｅtiｍestｈｅｙareｕnreliａble.ﻩﻩB.Ｏbviouslytheｙｈavemａdeａmｉstake.Ｃ.Ontｈｅwｈolｅtheｙcanbeｔｒｕsｔed.ﻩ D.Generallｙspeakiｎg,theyａrevｅryhelpful.14.Ａ.Leaveamｅssagewｉththeswｉtchｂoardoｐerａtor.ﻩB.Havｅｔｈｅoｐeratorconｎｅctｈｉmtoａnotheｒofｆice． C.Makeanｏthercalltohisｆorwａrdingａgents. D.Tellｔheｓwitcｈbｏardopeｒaｔortoeｘｐecthistelｅpｈｏnｅcall.Questioｎs1５～1815.A.Oｐｔimｉstｉｃﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩＢ.EncouragingﻩC．Doubｔfｕlﻩﻩ ﻩ D.Negatiｖe１6.A.Ｉtｗｉlｌthenbeｒevｉseｄbｙtheｄirector. Ｂ．Ｉｔwｉllｂepuｔonａdiｆfｅrentchａnnel.ﻩＣ.Ｉtwillbｅｓhoｗnｏnｔｈeｉnterｎaｔionaｌaiｒlｉneｓ．ﻩD.ItwillｎoｌongerｂeshowｎｏnTV．17.Ａ．Byfｕnｄingｔheshooｔingoｆｔheseprｏｇramｓ. B.Bｙgivｉｎgｆreevoucherｓtoｓeｌeｃtedacｔｏrsanｄactresses.ﻩC.Bｙsendｉngmailｔｏprospectivｅcuｓtomｅrs.ﻩD.Byrｅplａciｎgｔhemwitｈproｇramsofthｅirｏwn.1８.A．AdverｔｉserｓａｒeｔheｍosｔsiｎcereｉｎＴＶcommerｃials.ﻩB.MoｓtpeopleｌikeｔowａtchTVproｇramswｉthcommｅrciａlbreaks. C.MoｓtＴＶprogｒamｓonｓhowarenoｔofgooｄtaste.D．NｅwsｐapeｒsandmagaｚiｎeｓcａｎneverｃompetewｉｔhTVcｏmmercial.Ｑｕestiｏnｓ１9~2219.A．He’salwaysgoｔhiｓｃarstoleｎ.ﻩB.Hｅ’ｓneａrlysmasｈeｄintoawａllseｖｅraltｉmes. C．He’ｓsｏmeｔimesruｎtheriｓｋofbeｉｎgkｉｌｌed． D.He’ｓｒｕniｎtｏａnｏthercarinfrｏntofhiｍ.２０.A.Duringhiｓｌａｓtｒａce.ﻩ ﻩ ﻩ B．Inａracｅofｔheprｅviouｓyear. C.ＤuringthｅMeｘicaｎGrandＰriｘ. D.Onhiｓｗaytｏｔｈestｕdio.21.A.Thｅmａnwasbadlyhurt．ﻩ B．Theｍａnｗonabronzｅｍedａl. Ｃ．Ｔworaciｎgcarｓcollidｅd.ﻩﻩﻩ D.Tｗoｒaciｎg－driｖersｗeｒekilled．2２.A．Hｅwａscｈａseｄｂyaｎumbeｒofｒaciｎgcaｒs. Ｂ.Hewassｔopｐeｄandfinedｂｙthepolicｅ. C.HｅｈａdlosthｉswaythrｏｕghLｏｎdonｓtreets.ﻩD．Heｈａdtoｄrivetｈｒouｇｈｂuｓysｔrｅeｔs．Questｉonｓ2３~26２3.Ａ.Nｏneﻩﻩ ﻩﻩ B.OneﻩＣ．Ｔｗo ﻩ ﻩＤ.Thrｅe24．A.Ithaｓchａngｅdthestaｔｕsoffirsｔ-clａsspaｓseｎｇerｓ．ﻩB.Itwiｌｌplｅaseallthecustomeｒｓ，whatevertheiｒclaｓsｅｓ.ﻩC.Iｔｉsｕndertheｐrovｉｓｉｏｎｏfｆederalrｅgulａtions. D.Ｉthａsｃreatedanaｄditiｏnalpaｓsengｅrｃlass．25.A．Ｔheyallｗhoｌeheａrtedlywelｃｏmeｄiｔ.ﻩB．Ｔheyallgaｖeituｐ． Ｃ.Theymadｅnｏunanｉmousdeciｓiｏn. ﻩD.Tｈｅytriediｔｏnlyonoversｅasfligｈts．26.A.Thecrew ﻩ ﻩﻩ ﻩ B.Thefuｌｌ-fａreｐassengeｒs C.Thediscountpａsｓeｎgｅrｓﻩ ﻩﻩD.TｈeairlinecoｍpａniesQｕeｓtioｎs２7~3027.Ａ．ThefiｒsｔWedｎeｓdａyofＭａrchﻩﻩﻩB.ThetenthｏfMarch Ｃ.ThｅｅｌeｖｅｎthofMarcｈﻩ ﻩ D.TｈetwelｆthｏfMaｒｃh28.Ａ.Acoｕｐｌeofweeｋs Ｂ.ＯnlｙａyｅarC．Ｔｗｏｙeaｒs ﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩD.Fourｙｅars2９.A．Shegｅtｓｒeｇuｌarlypｒomoted. ﻩB.Sｈecansｔａｙintheoｆficeallday.C．Sｈeｔravelsaｌoｔinｈｅrjｏb． ﻩﻩ Ｃ.Sheisｇivenｄifferentassignments.30.A．ItisrequiｒedofhiｍbｙtheAccouｎｔinｇＭａnagｅ．B．Itistｈebestｃoｕrseatthenｉgｈtsｃhool.ﻩ C.Heｉsiｎｔeｒｅｓｔｅdinviｓiｔingbｉgｃitｉes． Ｄ．Heistiｒedofstayingｉnthesａｍeofｆicｅ．ParｔC:ＬisｔeｎingaｎｄTｒaｎｓlaｔionⅠ.SeｎtenｃeTｒanslaｔionＤiｒections:Intｈispaｒtofｔhetest,ｙouwiｌlheaｒ5Ｅｎgｌishｓentencｅs.YouwillheaｒthｅsentencesONLYＯNＣE．Afteryoｕhaveｈeaｒdeaｃｈｓeｎｔｅnce,translaｔeiｔiｎｔoＣhinesｅandｗｒｉtｅｙoｕrversioｎiｎthecｏrrｅspｏndiｎgspａｃｅinyourANSWERBＯOKLEＴ.(１)（2)(３)（４）(5)Ⅱ.PassagｅTranｓｌatｉonDｉreｃtions：Inthisparｔofthetest,ｙouwiｌlhear2pａssageｓ.ＹouwillｈearｔheｐassagｅｓＯNLYＯNCＥ.Aｆｔｅryｏuhａvehｅaｒdeａchpaｓsａｇｅ,tｒaｎｓｌａteitintoＣhinｅｓeａｎｄｗriteyouｒｖeｒsionintheｃorrｅsｐｏｎｄinｇspaceinyouANＳWERＢOOＫLET.Youmaｙtakｅnoteswｈileyouarｅlisteｎing.（１)（２）SECTIOＮ２：SＴUDYＳKILLS(5０ｍinutes)Ｄｉreｃｔiｏns：Inthｉssecｔion,youwillｒeadsｅveraｌpassａgeｓ.Eaｃhｐaｓsagｅｉsｆolloｗedbyｓeveraｌquestｉonsbａseｄoniｔscontent.ＹoｕaretoｃhｏoseONEｂestansｗｅr,(A),(B),(C)oｒ(D），toeａchquestｉon.ＡnsweraｌｌthｅquestionsｆｏlｌｏwingeachpaｓｓageoｎthebasｉsofwhatiｓstaｔeｄoｒiｍｐliedinthatpａssａｇeaｎdwritetheｌetｔeｒoｆtheａnsweryouhavechoseninthｅcｏrrｅspｏｎdingｓpaceiｎｙourANＳWEＲBOOKLＥT.Qｕｅstionｓ１～5 ﻩAJapanｅsecｏnｓtrucｔioｎcomｐaｎyplａnstｏbｕｉｌdaｈugeｉｎdｅpｅnｄeｎtcitｙ-statｅ,aｋintｏtｈｅｌｅｇeｎdaryAtｌａntｉs,ｉｎthemiddleofｔhePaciｆiｃOcean.Thecitｙ,dｕbbed“Maｒinnaｔｉon”，wｏｕldhaveａbｏutｏｎｅmillioninhaｂitants,ｔwoａirpｏrｔs，aｎｄpｏssｉbｌyevenasｐaceｐｏｒt.Marinnａtioｎ,ifbuilt，wｏｕldｂｅasepaｒatecｏｕｎtrybｕｔcouldｓeｒｖｅaｓahomeｆoｒintｅrnationaloｒgａnizａtiｏｎｓsuchaｓtｈｅUnitedＮaｔiｏnsａｎdtｈeWoｒldＢaｎk．ﻩAsidefrｏmｔhemanypｏｌiｔicalａndsociaｌｐｒoｂlemｓthatwouldhaｖetobesoｌｖed,ｔｈeeｎgineerｉngｔasｋenvｉｓagedismoｎｕmｅｎtal.Theinitialstaｇerequirｅsthebuiｌdｉngofacｉｒcuｌardam1８milｅｓindiametｅrａttacｈedtｏｔheseａｂedｉnarelａtivelyshalｌowplａｃeｉninternationａlｗatｅｒｓ.Ｔhen,sｅveｒalhuｎdreｄpuｍps,operaｔｉnｇforｍorethanayeaｒ,wouldsuckoｕtｔｈeseawaterｆromwｉthinthedａｍ．Whenemptyanddｒy,ｔｈeａｒｅawｏuldｈａｖeacｉtyconｓtrｕctｅdoｎｉt.Ｔｈｅaｃtｕalｌanｄwｏuldｂeａbout300feｅtbｅlowsealevｅｌ. Ａｃcordｉngtodesiｇners,thehardesttasｋfrｏmａnengｉｎeeringpointofｖｉewwouｌdｂｅｔoenｓurｅthaｔｔhedamisｌeakpｒoｏｆandｅaｒｔhquａkeprooｆ.ﻩﻩIfaｌlｇoeswell，itiｓhoｐedtｈａtMａrinｎatｉｏｎcｏuｌdbeｒeadyforhabitａtｉｏｎattheeｎｄｏfthｅsｅcｏnddeｃadeofｔhetweｎty-firstｃeｎtury.Wｈetheraｎyoｎeｗouldwanttｏlｉveiｎsuchaｎｉsolａtｅdandａｒtｉfiｃialcomｍｕｎity,ｈowｅver,wilｌrｅmaｉnaｎoｐenquestiｏnｕｎtｉｌthａttime.1．ﻩＡｃcoｒdｉngtｏtｈｅpaｓsａge,whatkｉndｏfｃiｔｙwillＭａrｉnnatioｎbe?ﻩA.Uｎderｇround ﻩ B．Uｎdeｒwaｔｅr C.Marineﻩ ﻩﻩ D.Leｇendａry2.ﻩInparagraph2,thｅunｄｅrｌinedwoｒd“envｉsagｅd”ｉｓｃｌoｓeｓtiｎmeaninｇto． A.undertaｋｅｎﻩ ﻩ B.cｏncｅived C.complｅｔed ﻩ D．iｍｐlｉcated３. Accｏｒｄiｎｇtotｈｅpassagｅ，tｈeｐroｂlemsｏｆMａrinnationfoｃusedonherearemainlｙ. A．humａn ﻩ ﻩﻩ B．engｉｎｅｅｒingﻩC．ｐoｌｉtical ﻩ ﻩD.ｓocial4．ﻩＴheauthorｍentionｓｔｈatＭaｒｉnnationｗouldｂeallthefｏllowｉngＥＸCEＰT．ﻩＡ．acircｕｌaｒｃiｔｙａｔtacheｄtｏtｈeseabed B.ahomefｏrinｔerｎationalorgａnｉｚatiｏns C．aｍonumentａlenginｅeringｔaskﻩﻩ Ｄ．aplaｃｅwherｅpeoplｅwouldwａntｔolive5．ﻩWｈａtｉstｈemａinｉdeaｅxpｒｅsｓedintｈepassage？A.ＴheusesofaｃitylikeＭaｒiｎｎation．Ｂ.Thｅinhabitａntsofaｃitybuiltintｈｅocean.C.Ｔｈeconsｔruｃｔionofanindｅpｅndentcｉｔy-sｔate.D.Ｔheengineｅｒｉｎgfeatｓneｅdedfoｒｂuiｌdinganoceaｎｉccity.Quesｔiｏns6~１0 HiｓtoｒybooｋｓrｅｃordｔhatｔｈeｆirstfiｌmwiｔhｓoｕndwasＴhejａzzSｉngｅrｉn１92７.Butsoundfilms,ｏr“talｋｉeｓ”，didｎotsuｄdｅnlyａppearａfteｒyearｓofsｉlｅntsｃrｅeningｓ．Fromtｈｅearｌiestｐuｂlicpeｒfｏrｍanceｓｉｎ18９6,ｆilmｓｗerｅａccｏｍpａnｉeｄｂｙｍusiｃaｎｄsｏundｅffects.Ｔhｅsewereproｄucｅdｂyasinglepianisｔ,asmallｈand,ｏrafulｌ-scaleoｒcheｓtｒａ;largｅmoｖｉeｔheatｅrｓcouldbuysounｄ-effecｔｓｍａchｉｎes.Rｅsearchiｎｔｏｓoｕｎdthatｗasrｅpｒoｄｕｃｅdａｔｅxactlｙthｅsaｍetimeaｓtｈepictuｒeｓ—called“ｓynchrｏnizｅdｓoｕnd”—begaｎｓoonａfterthｅｖｅryfirｓtfiｌｍsｗeｒｅｓhowｎ.Wiｔｈｓｙｎｃhroniｚedsｏｕｎｄ,ｃharactersonthemoｖiescreｅncouldｓｉngａndspeak.Aseaｒｌｙaｓ1８9６,tｈeｎeｗｌyinvenｔｅdgrａmoｐhone,whｉchplａyｅｄalaｒgedisｃｃａrryｉngｍusiｃａndｄiaｌoｇue,ｗasuseｄａsasｏuｎdsysteｍ.Tｈebigｇestdisadvａntａgeｗastｈａttｈesoｕndandpiｃｔｕrescoulｄbｅcomeunsynchronｉzedif,forexamｐlｅ,thegramophoneneｅdｌｅjumｐｅｄoｒiｆthesｐeｅdｏｆtheproｊectoｒchａnged.Tｈisｓystemｗasonlｙeffectiｖeforａsingleｓongordｉaｌogｕｅsequeｎｃe．ﻩ Inｔhｅ“sｏund-on-film”sｙｓtem,soｕndswererｅcordedasaｓeｒｉesｏｆｍarksoncelluｌoidwhｉcｈcoｕldbeｒｅａdbyanopticａlｓensｏr．Thesesiｇnaｌswouｌdbｅｐlａcedｏnthefilmalｏngsidetheiｍage,guaraｎｔeｅinｇsｙnchronizaｔion.Sｈｏrtｆｅaｔurefilmswereｐｒoducedｉｎｔhisｗayasearｌyas1922．Thｉssyｓtemevenｔualｌｙbrｏughtｕs“talkingｐｉctｕrｅｓ.”6.ﻩＴheuｎdｅｒlｉｎedｗoｒｄ“screｅniｎgs”ｉnＰarａgraph1iscloseｓtiｎmeaningto. A.projeｃtioｎsﻩ ﻩﻩﻩﻩＢ.revelａtiｏnｓﻩC．demｏｎsｔraｔiｏnsﻩﻩﻩ ﻩD.ｄiverｓiｏnｓ7． Itcaｎbeinferredfromｔhｅpassagｅｔｈat.A.mosｔmovｉeｔhｅatershａdａpiaｎisｔ,ahａnｄoraｎorcｈestraB.soｕnd－eｆfecｔsmacｈinesｗｅrecommｏｎｂecａｕsetheyweremｏreefｆectiveＣ.fｕll-scaｌｅorchestrascｏuｌdeffｅｃｔiｖeｌysｙncｈｒｏｎizｅsoundwiｔhpicｔｕresＤ.ｇraｍoｐｈonescameｉｎｔoｂeｉngａbouｔthｅsametimeａsmovingpｉcturｅsdid8. Acｃｏrdingtotheｐassaｇe，grａmophoｎｅswereｓomｅtimesiｎeffectivebeｃaｕsｅthey. A.gotoutｏfsｙnchroniｚatｉoｎｗitｈpiｃturｅsﻩＢ.weｒｅｔoolargｅｆorｍosｔmovietｈeａteｒｓ Ｃ.wereneｗlyinｖenteｄ ﻩ ﻩＤ.cｈaｎgedｓpeｅｄswhenthｅnｅedlejuｍpeｄ9.ﻩTheｓｏund-on-fｉlmｓystｅｍguaｒanteｅdｓynchronizaｔiｏnｂｅｃａｕsetherecordiｎgwas． Ａ.ｍadeduringthｅfilmingofthepｉctuｒeﻩB.ediｔeｄｂyａnoptｉcalsensoｒﻩC.inｓertedoｎtｈeｆilm ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩ D．markedoｎｔhegramophｏnｅ１０.ﻩAccordingtoｔｈepassａｇe,ｓhorｔfeａturｅｆilmsproduceｄaseaｒｌyas199２.ﻩA.wererecoｒｄedbｙｏpｔiｃaｌsensｏrs ﻩﻩﻩB.ｐuｔmuｓiciａｎsoｕtofｗork C．wereonlｙefｆｅctivｅfordialoguesｅquences D.precｅdedtａlｋingｐicｔｕresQuestｉonｓ11~１5referｔothefoｌlowiｎgcharｔＳouｒcesoｆPｅrｓｏnalInｃomeiｎtheＵｎitedＳtaｔed,１9９8FuncｔionalDistｒiｂｕtionTyｐｅｏfInｃomeAmounｔｏｆＩncomePeｒcｅntofToｔａl（billioｎｓoｆ$)ＰerｓｏnalIｎcomｅPerｓonalrenｔaｌｉｎcomeWａges,salａries,andoｔherＬabｏrinｃomelesscoｎtrｉbutionsForｓｏｃialsecuriｔy＄3２25.4６2.5%Personａlrentａｌincoｍe９9.81．9Persoｎａｌintereｓtincome732.414.２Persoｎaldividｅnｄｉｎcｏmｅ132．82.６NetincomｅofunincorporａｔedBusiｎessｅs(ｉｎcｌudiｎｇfａrms)217.84.２Tｒansfｅrpａymｅnｔs74９1４．5Totaｌ＄5157.５1０0.0%11. Tｈediｖisiｏｎoｆincomｅintocatｅｇｏriessuｃｈaｓwageｓandrｅntalinｃomeiscalleｄ.ﻩＡ.functiｏｎaldｉstriｂutionｏfiｎcome ﻩB.pｅrcｅｎtofｔotalincomｅﻩC.aｍounｔofiｎｃome ﻩﻩ D.ｎｅtincｏｍe12.ﻩAccordingtothechaｒｔ,theｓｍaｌｌestｓourcｅofpersonaｌiｎｃomｅin1998wａs． A.iｎtｅrestiｎcoｍｅ ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩB.dｉvｉdｅndｉｎcｏｍeﻩﻩC.ｒentａｌincoｍｅ ﻩﻩ ﻩＤ.tｒanｓfｅrpａyｍeｎt1３.ﻩTｈeinfｅrｅnｃetｈaｔｃａnbｅｍａdeｆromｔhｅchartisthａt.A．ｒeｎｔalproｐｅrtyisaｓoｕndinvestmentB.mosｔAｍerｉcanshａveｌａrgesaｖiｎgsａccｏuntｓC.ｓｏcｉaｌsecurｉｔycｏntｒiｂｕtionｓａre1４．５％ofaperｓon’sｇrosｓｉncｏmｅＤ.manyAmericａnｓowｎｓmａllbusinｅｓses1４． Whiｃhｏfｔheｆollｏwingcaｎbelearnedfrｏmtｈechaｒｔforｔheyeaｒ19９8?A．AverａgeperｓｏｎａｌiｎｃoｍｅｉｎtheUniｔｅdStａtes．B.Ｈoｗmanypeｏpｌehaveｐｅrsoｎaldividendinｃomｅ．C.TｏtalpersonａlincomeintｈeＵnitedStates.Ｄ．AｖeraｇefamilyｉncｏmｅintｈeUnｉtedStatｅs.１５． Ｉfｔhiｓｃhartiｓcompareｄtoｓimilarｃｈarｔsfor1999anｄ2023,thｅfigureｓｃanbeuｓedto.A．analｙzｅtrendsiｎpｅrsoｎalｉncoｍｅｓoｕrcｅsB.assesstheeffectｓofcｈangeｓinｔaxｌａwsC.anaｌyzeiｎvｅｓtｍｅｎtｔrendsD.determinｅchａngesinavｅrａｇeｐersonalincomeQueｓｔions1６～20 ＥveryyeaｒabｏuttwomiｌliｏｎpｅoｐlevisitMｏuntＲushmoｒe,whｅrｅthefacesｏｆfoｕrU.S．ｐresidentｓwｅrecarvｅdｉngranitｅbｙscuｌptorＧutzｏnＢｏrｇlumandｈissoｎ,thelatｅLｉncolnＢｏrｇlum.ＴhecrｅatｉoｎｏfｔｈeMｏuｎtＲushmorｅmonumenｔtook14yeａｒs—froｍ1９27ｔo1９４1—andneaｒlｙamilliｏndollaｒs.Thesewerｅｔｉmeswhｅnmoneｙwａsｄｉfficulｔtocomebyandmanypｅoplewerejｏｂlesｓ.Tomoｖｅtheｍoｒｅthan400,00０ｔonsofroｃk,Ｂoｒgluｍｈiｒｅdlaid-oｆfwoｒｋｅrｓfromtheclｏsｅd-downminesｉntheBlackHｉllｓａrea.Ｈｅtaｕghttｈeｓｅmeｎtoｄynamite,Dｒiｌl，ｃaｒvｅ,andfｉnishthｅｇｒaｎiｔeastｈｅywerｅhａnｇinginmidａｉrinｈｉsspecｉallydeｖisｅdcｈairs,whｉchｈaｄmanysafetyfeatures．Borglｕｍwａsｐrｏｕｄoftｈefactｔhatnoworkerswereｋiｌledoｒseverelyinｊuredduｒｉngtheyearsofblaｓtｉngａnｄcarｖing. Dｕｒingｔheｃarvｉng,ｍaｎycｈangesiｎtheｏriｇinａｌdeｓignｈａdtobemadｅtｏkeeｐtｈｅcarｖedｈｅadsｆｒeeofｌａrgefiｓｓｕrｅsthatwｅrｅuncｏverｅd.Hｏwｅver,notａlltｈecｒackscoulｄbeavoｉdeｄ,sｏBｏrｇlumconcoｃｔedａmixｔureofgraｎｉtedust,whitelead,andlinｓeｅdoiｌｔoｆｉｌlthｅｍ. Everyｗinter,ｗaterfrommeltingsnoｗsgetsintotｈｅfissuｒesaｎdeｘｐandsａｓitfreezｅs，maｋinｇthefiｓsｕresｂiｇgｅr.Consequeｎtlｙ,evｅryａutumnｍaiｎｔenａnceworkisdonetorefｉllthecrａcks.Ｔhｅrepairersswｉngoｕtｉｎspaceｏvｅra500-fｏotdｒopandfixthemｏｎuｍeｎtｗiththesａmｅｍixtｕrethaｔｂorglumuｓedtｏpreseｒｖｅthisnatｉonalmonuｍentfoｒfｕtｕregenｅrations.16.ﻩAcｃordinｇtothepassage,Borglum’sson. ﻩA.isdｅad ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩ B.wasaｐrｅsｉｄｅnｔﻩ Ｃ.diｄmaintenancewｏrk ﻩ D．ｓｐenｔamilliｏndollars１7． Aｃｃｏrdｉngtｏtｈepａsｓaｇe,theｍｅnwhｏｍＢorgluｍｈｉreｄｗeｒe．ﻩＡ．ｔraiｎedscuｌptoｒｓ ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩB.laｉd－offstonemasons Ｃ.BlackHｉｌlsvoｌuｎteers ﻩﻩﻩD.viｓitorsｔoMoｕnｔRushmｏre18.ﻩItｃanbefoundfｒomthepasｓａgeｔｈａt.ﻩ A.theheadｓａｒenｏｔasoriginａｌlｙplannedﻩB.thewｏrｋersmademistａｋeswhｅnbｌaｓtingﻩC．theｃｒａckscaｕsedｓeｒiouｓｉｎjｕriesﻩﻩ D.thｅdeｓｉgnｓhadlargefiｓｓｕresiｎｔｈeｍ19． Boｒgｌum’ｓmixtｕrefｏrfｉllingcrackswas． A.verｙexｐeｎsiveﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩB.boｕghtaｔｔｈeBｌacｋHilｌｓminｅｓﻩＣ．inｖｅnteｄbｙｔhescuｌpｔｏrｈｉmseｌf ﻩＤ.uncoｖerｅｄduringcarvｉng20. MｏuntRushmoreneeｄsｔoｂe．ﻩ A.pｒotectｅdｆroｍaiｒpｏlluｔionﻩ B.pｏliｓｈedｆoｒtourｉｓtｓﻩ C.ｃlｏsedduｒingtｈｅwiｎtｅr ﻩ Ｄ.ｒepairedｐeriodicａlｌyQuesｔionｓ21~25ﻩＡｃcｏrdｉngtoairｌineindusｔrystatｉstｉcs,aｌmｏsｔ90%ofaｉｒｌinｅacｃｉdｅｎｔsａｒｅsurvivablｅｏrpartiａllysurｖivablｅ.Butpaｓsengｅｒscａｎinｃrｅasethｅｉrchancesofsurvivalbylｅarnｉngａndfollｏｗingceｒｔａｉntiｐｓ．Expeｒｔssayｔhatyoushoulｄｒeaｄandlistentosaｆｅｔｙinstructionｓｂｅforetakeoffandａｓkqueｓtｉonsifyｏｕhaveuncｅrtainｔiｅｓ.Yoｕshoulｄfａｓtenyｏurseatｂeltｌｏwonyourｈipsaｎdａstighｔｌyaspossｉbｌe.Ofcoursｅ，youｓhoｕｌdalsoｋnowhｏwｔhereleasemｅｃhanｉsmofyouｒbeltoperateｓ．Ｄｕringtakeoｆｆsａndlandinｇs,yoｕareａｄｖｉｓedtｏｋeepyoｕrｆｅetflaｔontheflｏor.Beforｅtａｋeｏfｆyｏusｈoulｄloｃateｔhenｅarestｅｘiｔａndaｎalterｎａｔiveexitandcounttheｒｏwsｏｆseatｓｂetweenyoｕandtheexitｓsｏthaｔyｏｕcanfindｔｈeminthｅdａrkifnecｅssａｒy. Inｔｈeevenｔthatyoｕarefｏｒewａrnｅdofapｏssibleacｃident,yoｕｓhｏuldputyourhandsｏnｙourａnｋlｅsａndkeepyourｈeadｄｏwnｕntiｌtheplａｎｅcomesｔｏacomｐｌetestoｐ.Ｉｆsmｏkeisｐresｅnｔｉｎthecabin,youshouｌdkeepyｏuｒheadlowanｄcoverｙourｆacｅwｉthｎapkiｎs,tｏweｌs,ｏｒclotｈing．Ifposｓible，weｔthｅsefｏraddedprｏｔeｃtiｏｎａgainstsｍokｅinhaｌaｔioｎ．Ｔoeｖacｕatｅasoｒclothing.Ifｐｏssｉble，wetthesｅforaｄdｅdprｏtｅcｔiｏnａgaiｎstsmokeｉｎhａlation.Toevacｕateasｑuicklyaspossible,followｃrewcommandsａnｄdｏnottakeｐersｏnalｂｅｌongingswithyou.Donｏtjuｍｐonesｃaｐｅsｌiｄesbeforethｅyarｅfullyiｎflated，andｗheyyoujuｍｐ,ｄoｓowｉthyourarmsandlegsextendeｄinfrontoｆyou.Ｗhｅｎｙｏugetｔotheｇｒouｎd,youｓhｏuldmｏveaｗayfroｍｔhｅｐlaneasquicklyaｓｐoｓsｉble,andneｖersmokｅneａrthewrecｋａgｅ.21. Ａcｃｏrdinｇｔoｔhepａsｓａgｅ,airlｉnetraveｌｅrsｓｈoｕｌdkｅeptheirfeeｔfｌａtoｎｔhefloor. ﻩＡ.ｔhrouｇhoｕttｈeflightﻩ ﻩﻩ B.duringtakeｏffｓaｎdlandiｎgsﻩﻩＣ.espeｃiallydurｉｎｇlaｎdingsﻩﻩD.iｎcaseoｆａnａccideｎt22.ﻩＡccordingtotｈepasｓagｅ,wｈｉｃｈeｘiｔsshoｕｌdaｎairliｎｅpaｓseｎgerlocaｔeｂeforｅtakｅoff?A.Thefrontoneａｎdthebacｋoｎｅ．B.Thｅtwoclｏｓesttothepiｌoｔseaｔ.Ｃ.Tｈｅonesthatcanbefoundｉntｈedarｋ.D.Theoneswithcounｔeｄrｏｗsofseatsbetwｅenthem.２3.ﻩPeｏｐleaｒｅｍｏｒｅlｉkelyｔosｕrvivefｉreｓiｎthｅairｃrａftiｆtｈey.ﻩＡ.ｋeeｐtｈeirheadsｌoｗﻩﻩ ﻩﻩﻩＢ.wearasafｅtybｅlｔﻩﻩC.ｄon’ｔｓmokeinｏrneａｒaｐlaneﻩ D.reaｄａirlineｓafetｙstａtisｔｉcs24. InanｅmｅrgｅｎcyairliｎepassenｇersａreａdvｉsedtｏdoallofthefoｌlowingEXCＥＰT. A.fｏｌlowcrewｃommaｎdｓﻩ ﻩＢ.jumpoｎfｕllyｉnflａｔedesｃapeslｉdes Ｃ．runaｗayaｓsoonaspｏssibｌｅﻩﻩD.caｒrypｅrsonalｂｅloｎｇings25.ﻩWhａtdoesｔhepａragraphfolloｗｉngthepaｓsageｍosｔprobablｙｄisｃuｓs?A.ＨｏwｔoｒeｃoverｙourlugｇａｇeB.WheretogotocontiｎueyｏurtriｐＣ.WhenｔｏreturｎtoｔheaｉｒcｒaｆtD.ＨｏwtoproceedｏｎcｅyouareawayfromｔhｅaircrａftＱueｓtions26~30 ﻩWｉtnessesｍaｙpicｋｏutfromａnidentificatiｏnparadｅｔhepｅrsｏｎｗhoｍｏstrｅsembｌｅｓtheirideaofwhａttheｃrｉmｉｎaｌwouｌdloｏkliｋe，aｃoｎｆeｒeｎceorgaｎizedｂｙｔｈｅBｒitishＰsｙcholｏgicalＳocieｔywａstoldonSatuｒｄaｙ.Mｒ.RayBull,ａｓｅniｏrlecｔureratthｅNｏrthEａstLonｄｏnPolyｔechniｃ,sａidreseaｒcｈhadｓhｏwntｈａtthepublicteｎdedtolinkabnormalaｐpearancewiｔhabｎormalitiｅｓｏfbehaviour.“Thｅpｕbｌicａndpoｌicedoagｒeｅａｂｏｕtwhatfacefitsｗhatcriｍe,”hｅsaiｄ.“OneapｐaｒentｌｙwidelyｈeｌdBｅｌiefｉsｔhe‘whatiｓｂｅauｔifulisgood’ｓterｅｏtype.Anindividual’sｆaciaｌatｔraｃｔiｖｅnｅsｓhasanefｆｅcｔonhowthreateningotｈerpeoplejudgetｈatpｅrｓoｎtobｅ.Ihａvｅｆoundthａｔｔｈｅaｄdiｔiｏｎofｏneortwoｓmallsｃarｓtoafaｃeｌeadsｔoｔhatfacebeingjudｇedmorｅｄishoｎeｓｔ.”ﻩﻩThosebeｌiｅfsalｓｏiｎｆlｕencｅｌenｇthoｆsentｅnｃeandveｒdict,ｈeｓaid.Reseaｒchinmock-trialsettingsｈadsｈownthａtｔhｅmoreｕnattractivedｅｆｅndanｔwasmoreｈeavilysentencｅｄthanoｎeoｆatｔractivｅｃharacterａnｄａｐpeaｒaｎce．MrBｕｌｌ，anexperｔoｎidｅｎtifiｃationbywitneｓses,wasaddressiｎｇpｓychologisｔsaｎｄlａwyeｒsatａｃonｆerｅnｃeinLondonhｅldbySｉrＢｒianMaｃKeｎｎa,aｒeｔiredhiｇhcourtjudge,onthｅroleｏfpｓycholｏｇｙintheleｇａlsyｓtｅｍ. Fｏrｄeｃadesiｔｈaｓbeenknownthａtpｅopｌeoftenｄonｏｔｓｅｅorheaｒthingspｒesｅntｅdｔotheirｓensｅｓ,butdo“ｓｅe”and“heａｒ”thinｇstｈathaｖenotoｃcurred.Butnoneoｆthosefaｃtｏｒsmeａnｔthaｔidentiｆｉcatｉｏnｅvidencewasofliｔtlevaluｅ.Laｂorａtorｙreｓearchbasｅdoｎpｈotograｐｈsｈadshownrecognitionrａtesｗerｅhigh，about８０ｐｅrcent,eveｎaftｅｒｄelaｙsof35ｄaｙs．Butrateswerｅｌｏwerwhｅnidentificationwastｅstedｉnmockcriminalepiｓodeｓiｎｔhestｒｅetｓbecauseofsｔreｓｓａndtheｉｎaｂiｌｉtyoｆthewitneｓstoｃonｃentrateｓｉmｕlｔaneouslｙonｓelｆ-ｐｒeｓerｖaｔioｎａndｒememberingｄetailsoｆtｈeｃｕlpriｔ.Lawｅnfoｒcementauｔhｏｒitiｅsshouｌdｂｅｍoreawarｅoftheｆａctorstｈatinflｕencememoryandideｎtificatｉｏn,Mr.Bｕｌlsaｉd．Aｐａrtfｒｏｍｐeoｐｌe’spｒejudｉcesabｏutthe“loｏk”oｆacriｍinａl,thefaｃtorｓｉncluｄｅdthｅｗayqueｓtioｎswｅｒeasｋed.26.ﻩAccoｒｄingtoMr．ＲayBull’sresearｃh,ｗhicｈoftｈefollowingdefendａｎtｓwouｌdbemorｅｈeａvｉｌysentenced?A.Theｄefｅｎdantwｉthnormaｌbｅhavioｕr.Ｂ．Ｔheｄefendantwithatｔracｔiｖeｃharaｃtｅｒ.C.Ｔｈedefendanｔwithunaｔtractiveaｐ