专题26上海高考六选四阅读深度剖析（下）（原题版）

?专题26上海高考六选四阅读深度剖析（下）_________________________________________________________________________________________考点精考点精讲【考情链接】上海高考英语六选四阅读主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。设空类型：1.主旨句：标题类、主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意义。值得注意的是文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也会有所不同。【要点梳理】解题步骤：1.通读全文，尤其是文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题和主要内容。2.阅读选项，根据选项中句子的句意或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的可能位置。3.仔细阅读空前空后，寻找并划出关键词。根据关键词，联系选项，基本确定需要填入句子的内容。4.通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。答题技巧：注意关键词：词汇复现：复现是指在文章不同位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。例1：同词复现greatly.Ourtistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodieshavenotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses.Sotheyarecalled“diseasesofcivilization”.Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.A.StoneA.StoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelife.B.Buttoday,weenjoyeatingalotofthese.C.Inthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.D.Ancientpeoplehavenotlotsofphysicalexercise.E.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.F.Peopletodayprobablydon’twanttolivelikeourancestors.例2：反义词复现……Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludeday-to-dayopportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.______Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromone’sschool,family,…A.Thefollowingareitsadvantages.B.However,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.C.Consideradistanceeducation.D.Mostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.例3：派生词复现Don’tfearpeople.______.Thereasonwhymostpeopledon’ttakerisksisthefearofwhatothersmightthinkofthem.Ifyouwanttolivethelifeyoutrulydeserve,youmustgiveuptheneedtobelikedbyeverybody.A.Focusonyourowntalentsandstrengths.B.Neverletothers’opinionsguideyourchoices.C.Stayfearlessineverythingyouwillhavetodo.同范畴词同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系最紧密。例1：……Everybodygetsstressedtimetotime.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:?First:Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoa“trustedadult”,suchasparentorotherrelatives..Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.

B.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.

C.Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways

D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.

E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.

F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.代词提示：代词出现频率极高，用来指代前面出现的名词和形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词和单复数差异可以准确而快速解题。常用代词：you...，your...,,mine,yours,his，hers，its，ours，theirs，myself，this，that，these，those，all，both，each，every,anybody，something，noone,none,some,any，no，who，whom，whose，what,which,that,as。例：___73___.Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger,…A.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.B.Hesaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.C.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.注意逻辑关系：找准文章衔接词，理清空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系。主要逻辑关系包括：并列关系：first(ly),second(ly)，……；first，then/next，……；inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,……；foronething,foranotherthing,……等；2.递进关系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,inaddition,not…but…,notonly……butalso等；解释例证关系：forexample，forinstance，infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/that’stosay……等；因果关系：because,becauseof,for,as,since,inthat,onaccountof,with,so,sothat,therefore,thereby,asaresult,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly等；对比转折关系：however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless,still,yet,onthecontrary等概括归纳关系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup等。例1：Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand.Youdobesurethatyouunderstand;youdobesurethatyouunderstandyoursymbols.Otherwise,________________Usewords,notcompletesentences.B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.D.youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.注意考察空格位置：小标题：根据所在小段落内容进行归纳总结。）例：_____________.Tellingsomeonethatyoucan’trememberhisnamecanactuallymakepeoplerelaxed.Mostofthemwillfeelsympathyifyousay,”I’mworkingtoremembernamesbetter.Yoursisrightonthetipofmytongue.Whatisitagain?”A.Ifyoucan’trememberhisname,youmaynottellhimthetruth.B.Admityoudon’tknow.C.Reciteandrepeatnames.D.Letothershelpyouremembertheirnames.2.正文中文章首句：A.全文主题句；B.引出全文主题的句子（主题在其后）；文章末句:全文的总结（往往与开头呼应）；段落首句：A.段落主题句；B.段落间的过渡句（与上段呼应）；段落末句：A.段落主题句；B.（承上启下）引出下一段；段内句子：（承上启下）的过渡句；_____优选操优选操练【真题回顾】2017年春考Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thetwotypesofcomicsarecreatedinverydifferentways.B.Butforpeoplewholovecomicbooks,theycanbeafantasticescapefromthetoughrealitiesofmodemlife. C.Theyfindithardtounderstandwhycomicbooksappealtosomanypeople.D.ComicshavelostitscharminAmerica.E.InJapan,thecontrastcouldn'tbegreater.F.Mangaheroeslooksmaller,youngerthanall-conqueringAmericanheroeswhohavelargemusclesandlotsofthemedclothes.JapaneseandAmericanComicBookHeroesTosomepeople,theideaofreadingcomicbooksseemchildish._________67__________Comicsarepublishedglobally,butJapaneseandAmericanversionsdominatethemarketdespitefact—orperhapsbecause—theydifferinanumberofways._________68__________Americancomicsareagroupeffort,beginningwiththestory-writingteamandtheartistwhoproducesdrawingsofinitialideas.Whenthesedraftsarefinalized,theoutlines,dialogue,andcolorareadded.Also,creatorsofcomicsuperheroessometimesselltheirtitlestoothercreativeteams,whokeepthesuperhero“alive”.Thisisinsharpcontrasttomanga（日本漫画)creators,whoareoftenindividualauthorsmerelyresponsibleforthestorylines,dialogue,andartwork.Whenamangacreatordecidestostop,sodoesthehero.Anotherdifferenceistheappearanceoftheheroes._________69__________Also,mangaheroesrarelylookJapaneseandthestoriesdonottypicallytakeplaceinaJapanesecontext.However,Americancomicheroes,despitetheirmasks,areproudlyAmericanandareadmiredfortheirreadinesstodefendU.S.cities.Probablythebiggestdifferenceisthereadership.Upuntilthe1950s,Americancomicbookswerereadbybothchildrenandadults,withpoplartitlessuchasSupermansellingasmanyashalfamillioncopiespermonth.ThearrivalofTV,however,ledtoadeclineinsalessothatnowtheaveragereaderofanAmericancomicbookisateenageboywithaninterestinsuperheroes._________70__________Theremangasalesarestillbooming,reachingashighas7billiondollarseachyearlargelybecausereadersrangefromyoungboysandgirlsuptomiddle-agedmenandwomen.Mangaformenandboys,liketheAmericancomics,tendtobeaction-oriented,whilemangaforwomenandgirlstendtobefocusedonrelationships.2017年秋考Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Clearsolutionsalreadyexistforreducinggreenhousegasemissions.B.Despitethis,howourdietarychoicesaffectclimatechangeisoftenunderestimated.C.Food,especiallylivestock,alsotakesupalotofroom.D.Indevelopedcountries,vegetarianismwouldbringallsortsofenvironmentalandhealthbenefits.E.Nomatterhowmuchtheirmeat-lovingfriendsmightdenyit,vegetarianshaveapoint:cuttingoutmeatdeliversmultiplebenefits.F.Thougharelativelysmallincreaseinagriculturalland,thiswouldmorethanmakeupforthelossofmeat.WhatWouldHappeniftheWorldSuddenlyWentVegetarian?Peoplebecomevegetariansforavarietyofreasons.Somedoittomakeanimalsufferinglesssevere,othersbecausetheywanttopursueahealthierlifestyle.Stillotherswishtoreducegreenhousegasemissions.67Andthemorewhomaketheswitch,themorethosebenefitswouldappearonaglobalscale.AndrewJarvisandotherexpertsatColombia’sInternationalCentreforTropicalAgriculturecarriedoutresearchestoseewhatmighthappenifmeatdroppedofftheplanet’smenuovernight.First,theyexaminedclimatechange.Foodproductionaccountsforone-quartertoone-thirdofallgreenhousegasemissionsfromhumanactivitiesworldwide,andtheworstresponsibilityforthosenumbersfallstothelivestockindustry.68IntheUS,forexample,anaveragefamilyoffourproducesmoregreenhousegasesbecauseofthemeattheyeatthanfromdrivingtwocars–butitiscars,notsteaks,thatregularlycomeupindiscussionsaboutglobalwarming.69Oftheworld’sapproximately12billionacresofagriculturalland,68%isdevotedtolivestock.Shouldweallgovegetarian,ideallywewouldgiveatleast80%ofthatpastureland(牧场)totherestorationofgrasslandsandforests,whichwouldcapturecarbonandfurtherrelieveclimatechange.Theremaining10to20%offormerpasturelandcouldbeusedforgrowingmorecropstofillgapsinthefoodsupply.70That’sbecauseone-thirdofthelandcurrentlyusedforcropsisgiventoproducingfoodforlivestock—notforhumans._____好题必好题必测1.【上师大附中2022-2023学年高三上学期月考】Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Ascollegestudentsheadbacktoschool,themoresensibleofthemarewonderinghowtheywillpayfortheprivilege.Nowherearesome21.5millionstudentsintheU.S.___47___Giventhatthereisatpresentmorethan$1.3trillioninstudentloansonthebooks,it’sprettyclearthatmanycollegestudentsarefarfromsensible.Theaveragestudent’sdebtupongraduationnowapproaches$40,000,andascollegebecomesevermorecommonandexpensive,callstomakeit“free”seemtobemultiplying.EvenHillaryClintonsaysthatwhenitcomestocollege,“___48___”Buttheonlywaycollegecouldbefreeisifthefacultyandstaffdonatedtheirtime,thebuildingsrequirednomaintenance,thecampusesrequirednoheating,cooling,orutilitiesofanykind.___49___Aslongasitisimpossibletoproducesomethingfromnothing,though,costsareabsolutelyabarrier.Theactualquestionwedebate,regardlessofwhetherweadmitit,iswhoshouldpayforpeopletogotocollege.Ifstudentsdonotshoulderthecost,thatcostwillbeshiftedtosomeoneelse.___50___Nooneseemstotaketheideaoffreecollegeforeveryoneseriously,buttheideaofstudentloanforgivenesshassomehowgainedtraction.Intheend,though,itamountstothesamething:TheAmericantaxpayerwillbeleftholdingaveryexpensivebag.Butiftaxpayersaretobearthecostofstudentloanforgiveness,shouldn’ttheyhaveasayinhowtheirmoneyisused?A.Also,everyotherexpensesimplydisappeared.B.Theremustbemorecollegestudentsinthefuture.C.Manyofthemwillbefundingtheircollegecareersonborrowedmoney.D.Andtheywillhavetorepaytheloan.E.Andthisiswherethingsgetinteresting.F.Costswon’tbeabarrier.2.【交大附中2022-2023学年高三上学期月考】Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.ManyChinesepeoplehaveawakenedtheirinterestinclassicalChinesepoetryrecentlythankstoapopularTVshowthataimsto“appreciateclassicalChinesepoetry,exploreculturalgenesandenjoythebeautyoflife”bycombiningtraditionalliteraryformwithlight-heartedTVquizzes.Theten-episode“ChinesePoetryCompetition”,sinceitsbroadcasthasbeenpraisedforinjectingvitalityintoTVprogramswithfantasticperformancesofcontestants,impressivecommentsfromjudgesaswellasitsinnovativeinteractivemode.Intheshow,poemscanbeadaptedintosongsordepictedthroughartisticpictures.Anycontestantwhocanmemorizethelargestnumberofpoemsmaynotnecessarilybethefinalwinner.____47____WuYishu,a16-year-oldstudentfromtheHighSchoolAttachedtoFudanUniversityinShanghai,isthechampionofthisseason.Herrichknowledgeofclassicalpoetryimpressedeveryoneandsherosetobecomefamousonline.____48____SheamazinglyrecitedlinesfromtheClassicofPoetry(《诗经》),theearliestcollectionofpoemsinChina.“____49____Thepowerofpoetryliesinshapingone’sviewoflifeanddevelopingone’sinnerworld.”saidLiBo,anexpertguestattheChinesePoetryCompetition’ssecondseason.Whenitcomestoteachingpeopleaboutpoetry,LiDingguang,theshow’sacademicadvisor,suggestedthatteachersshouldexplainmoreaboutthebeautyofthepoetryfromboththeaesthetic(审美的)andemotionalsides,andguidestudentstolosethemselvesinthepoems’rhythmicandrhyminglines.“AlthoughtheproportionofancientChinesepoemsinthetextbooksofprimaryandsecondaryschoolshasincreased,manystudentsstilllearnthemforexams.”LiDingguangsaid,“Therefore,____50____”A.Inanearlierepisode,Wuwowedtheaudiencewhenperforminginasection.B.Perhapsinnovationandinteractionmatterthemost.C.Fastreactionandusageofpoemsmatteralotmoreinthecompetition.D.Whatisthepermanentappealofpoetry?E.it’simportanttohelpstudentstrulyappreciatetheartistryandfunofpoetry.F.Learningpoemsisn’taboutwinningorlosing.3.【上海市复兴高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试卷】AuthenticatingSushi…andPicassosArecentstudyoftheseafoodindustrybyOceana,aconservationgroup,foundthat,nationwide,grocerystoresmislabelednearlyone-fifthofallthefishtheysold.Sushirestaurantswereevenworse,servingafishotherthanwhatwaspromisedonthemenuthree-quartersofthetime.___47___Butsomemerchantsseemedtosubstitutecheapfishliketilapiaformoreexpensivefareonpurpose.DNAbarcodingcanhelpuncoversuchpractices.Bytakingabitofmusclefromafishandsequencing(测定序列)theDNAinside,scientistscanquicklytellonespeciesfromanother.Bar-codingtechnologyisaccessibleenoughthathigh-schoolstudentshaveusedittoexposefraud(骗局)atrestaurants.___48___Andtheycanseeforthemselveswhetherthey’rereallygettingthebluefintunatheyordered.___49___Billionsofdollars’worthofartchangeshandseveryyear,andsomeexpertsestimatethat40percentofitisfake.Professionalauthenticationcanhelp,butrecentstoriesinvolvingworkssaidtohavebeenpaintedbyJacksonPollock,AmedeoModigliani,andothershaveshownthataskillfulforger(制作赝品者)canfooleventhemostrespectedexperts.___50___Ratherthanusingtheartist’sownDNA—whichathiefcouldliftfromclothes,rubbish,orhairs—theselabelswouldcontainDNAfromanothercreature,withpiecesofsyntheticDNAwovenin.Toauthenticatethepiece,scientistswouldtakeDNAfromthelabel,sequencethesynthetichits,andconsultadatabase.Onlyifthesequencematchedthedatabaserecordwouldthepiecebepronouncedgenuine.A.Artisanotherareawhereforgeryisdecreasingduetotheresultingprofits.B.DNAcouldbeusedtoexposefraudintheartworld,too.C.Ifthetechnologycontinuestoevolve,consumerscouldsomedaybringhandheldbarcoderstothetable.D.Simpleconfusionmightexplainsomeofthedifferences,sincefishspeciescanbehardtotellapart.E.TheDNAmoleculeiscapableofstoringvastamountsofdataandcansurviveforthousandsofyears.F.Tosolvethisproblem,somescientistshavesuggestedattachingasmallplasticlabelfullofDNAtoworksofart.4.【上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷】HowChinesephilosophycanhelpyouparentItisthequestionIammostoftenaskedattheplaygroundwhenotherparentsfindoutIamaprofessorofancientChinesephilosophy:‘DoesChinesephilosophyinfluenceyourparenting?’It’safunquestiontoanswer,becausebecomingaparentledmetolookverydifferentlyatthetextsItranslateandteach._____47_____Theyguideandchallengemeasamotheronadailybasis,butinwaysthatdepartdramaticallyfromwhatmycultureandsocietytellsme.Allofuswantourchildrentobesuccessful,partlybecausewelovethemandwantthemtobehappy.Butitiseasytomistakenlyequate‘success’withcertainkindsofacademicorathleticachievements.Ofcourse,onecandefinesuccessinthisway;thesearewidelyanduncriticallyacceptedasindicatorsofsuccessinoursocietytoday.____