2023届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语试题

10/2109/21/2023届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.GrayHairCanReturntoItsOriginalColorFew?signs?ofoldageareclearerthan?thesightof?grayhair.____1____wegrowolder,our?strandsofhair?losetheiryouthfulcolor.Althoughthismayseemlikeapermanentchange,newresearch?reveals?thatgrayhairs____2____?miraculously?regaincolor—atleasttemporarily.Inone1972paper,the?late?doctor?StanleyComaishreportedanisolatedcaseofa38-year-oldman,withhisthreestrands____3____(be)lightneartheendsbutdarkneartheroots.Thissignaledareversalinthenormalgrayingprocess,____4____beginsattheroot.AnewstudyfromresearchersatColumbiaUniversityisthefirst____5____(offer)quantitativeevidencelinkingpsychologicalstresstograyinghairinpeople.Havinganalyzedindividualhairsfrom14volunteers,researcherscomparedtheresultswitheachvolunteer’sstressdiary,inwhichindividuals’reviewoftheircalendarsandeachweek’slevelofstressratedareincluded.Whenhairswerealignedwith(与……对照)stressdiaries,strikingassociationsbetweenstressandhairgraying____6____(reveal)and,insomecases,therewasareversalofgrayingwhenstresswasremoved.Therewasoneindividualwhowentonalongvacation,andfivehairsonthatperson’sheadreturnedbacktodarkduringthevacation.Althoughitmayseemeasytounderstand____7____stresscanspeedupgraying,theresearchersweresurprisedtodiscoverthathaircolorcanberestoredwhenstressiseased.Wecouldpicturehairasapowerfultooltoassesstheeffectsof____8____(early)lifeeventsonaging—becausehairprovidesakindofphysicalrecordofpastevents,much____9____theringsofatree.It’sprettyclearthatthehairencodespartofyourbiologicalhistoryinsomeway.Hairgrowsoutofthebody,andthenitcrystallizesinto_____10_____hardandstablethatholdsthememoryofyourpast.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．lonely????B．convey????C．touches????D．inconvenience????E.widely????F.accompanyingG.composition????H.captures????I.abandon????J.sensory????K.wearing????AnInnovativePainterAlanisapioneeringpainter,workingwithoilpaintoncanvasinatraditionalway.Itisonlyinhisuseofpaintthathediffersfromtheusualpracticeofusingbrushes.Althoughhedoesuseabrushtodrawthemainlinesofhis____11____,heusespaintingknivestoapplythepaint.Earlyonhefoundthatpaintlaidonwithpaintingknivesgavehimtheparticularbodyandtexture(质地)hewantedto____12____hissubjects.Theknifeiscapableofanenormousvarietyofmarks,fromdelicate____13____tofiercesweepingandslicesofpaint.Theknife’ssharpedgedmarkscreatetheirowndynamicoflightandshade.Alanpossessesmanypaintingknivesofdifferentsizes,buttendstofavourthreeorfour,whicharenow____14____thinwithconstantuse.Heisstilldiscoveringnewpossibilitieswiththeknife,drivenbythedemandsofanewsubject.AlthoughAlan’spaintingsaremadeinthestudio,theyareallcomposedfromdrawingsmadeoutdoors.Thesedrawingsaretheseedcornonwhichallhispaintingsarebased.Themarksthatgodownonpapermakesurehe____15____notjusttheactualscenebutalsothechanginglight,thedirectionofthewindandthe____16____soundsandsmells.Forthepainter,thewhole____17____experienceremainsfixedwithinthedrawinglongafterhehasleftthescene.ThroughouthislifeAlanhastravelled____18____forparticularplacesthatfuelhiscreativeimagination.Heisanadventurousseeker,regardlessofthe____19____ordifficultyofsomeofthelocations.Longagohedecidedto____20____theideaofworkingonlargeoilpaintingsoutofdoorsbecauseitinvolvedcanvases,oilpaintsandmanyothertoolsaround.Henowtravelslight,takingonlysketchbooks,pensandafewwatercolourswithhim.Thisgiveshimthefreedomtodrawanywhereandtocatchthefleetingmoment—the“here-and-now-ness”oftheplace.三、完形填空Beeshaveevolvedtobeskilledlivingbuildersthatcanbuildthingsmanytimestheirsize.BeesinspiredMirkoKovac,aroboticisttodevelopawaytoimprovetheflexibilityof3Dprinting.A____21____3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle(喷嘴),andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself.DrKovac’steamhasremovedthe____22____bygivingtheprinternozzlewings.InthelatesteditionofNature,DrKovacdescribesasystemofflyingrobotsthatiscomposedoftwotypesofdrones:buildersandscanners.Thebuilderscarrythe3D-printingnozzle.Thescannersarerobotsequippedwithcamerasthatare____23____formonitoringtheprogressofthebuilders.Inthebuildingprocess,buildersandscannerscarryouttheirrespectivetasksand____24____printingandadjusting,layerbylayer,untilastructureiscomplete.First,abuilderkeepsflyingoveritsareaofoperationandbeginstoreleaseajetofthebuildingmaterial.Thechoiceofmaterialisimportant—itmustbelightweightenoughforthedronestocarrybut____25____enoughtoholdthefollowinglayersthatwillbebuiltontop.Oncethebuilderrobothasreleasedalayerofmaterial,thescannerrobotfliesoverand____26____theprogress.Thesystemthencomputesthenextlayerthatthebuildershouldmake,whilealsocorrectingforanyerrorthatmighthavebeendiscoveredinwhathasalreadybeenbuilt.Thesecouldbeerrorsmadebythebuilder-dronesor____27____intheexpansionofthebuildingmaterial.Atthispoint,peoplecanalsomanuallyadjusttheprocess,____28____andcorrectingcoursewherenecessary.Theresearcherstestedthesystem’s____29____bybuildingbothalargecylinder(圆柱体)andasmallcylinder.Thetaskswerenotsimple.Makingcirclesontopofothercircleswouldnothaveworked,becausetheperfectmatchrequiredinpositionwouldhavebeenimpracticaltoachieve._____30_____,thebuilderrobotprintedwindingcirclesthatinterleavedwith(交错；嵌入)thelayersaboveandbelow,toensuremaximumstability.ThecylindersbuiltbyDrKovac’srobotssuccessfullymeettherequirementsoftheBritishbuildingcodes._____31_____theserobotshavebeenshowntobecapableofmanufacturing,DrKovacsaystheirmaintaskwillprobablybe,initially,inrepair.Becausetheflyingrobotscan,intheory,operateanywhere,theycouldfixthingsindangerousorotherwise_____32_____places.DrKovacsaysthathisrobotscouldbeusedto_____33_____andsealleaksinpipelinesorfixcracksontallbuildings.Theserobotscouldbe_____34_____toworkmorequickly,cheaplyandwithlessrisktohumans.Thinkingmorelongterm,DrKovacseesa_____35_____futureforhisconstructionrobots,buildingonthesurfacesoftheMoonorMars.ButwhatwecansayforsureisthatitwillmakeahugedifferencetoconstructiononEarth.21．A．typical B．latest C．precise D．popular22．A．part B．characteristic C．limitation D．shortage23．A．suitable B．responsible C．famous D．ready24．A．goon B．workon C．taketurns D．contributeto25．A．massive B．stable C．strong D．flexible26．A．makes B．improves C．inspects D．continues27．A．misguidance B．imbalance C．misuse D．imperfection28．A．changing B．supervising C．arranging D．measuring29．A．features B．weaknesses C．capabilities D．responses30．A．Moreover B．Meanwhile C．Otherwise D．Instead31．A．Because B．While C．If D．After32．A．remote B．unavailable C．inaccessible D．deserted33．A．spot B．squeeze C．replace D．remove34．A．inquired B．intended C．expanded D．assigned35．A．vague B．demanding C．distant D．potential四、阅读理解IfIhaveagoalinlife,itisn’ttobedrivingaRolls-Royce.It’stobegivingawaymorethan$1,000,000ayearandhavinganimpactonpeople’slives.IhavethesuccesstodaybecauseIalwayshadtoworkforwhatIwanted.Igrewupaccustomedtorisksanddisappointments,soIwasusedtomovingforward,nomatterwhat.In2008,IwenttoLosAngeleswhereItriedtogethiredasanagent,ananalystandafinancialbroker.Unfortunately,allthesedoorsslammedinmyface.Theworld’seconomywasinabadstate,soIknewIwouldhavetodoalittlespinningofmyown.Youthinvolvesacertaininnocencebutalsoperseverance.Theword“can’t”wasn’tinmyvocabulary.IpartneredwithafriendbuyingdistressedmultifamilypropertiesaroundHouston.Eventhoughwewereenthusiasticandbackedwithstart-upsums,Ididn’tmakeadealwork.Myfriendmovedontootherprojects.Alone,Iputallmymoneyintothenextreal-estateproject.Iputthetimein,Idreamedit,butonceagainthedealfellthrough.Twomonthslater,though,thedealcamebackaround.Thatwaswhenthepathopened,luckchanged,andIwasreadytoformmyowncompany.Ihaven’tlookedback.Onlyahead.I’mnowabletogivebacktocommunitiesandcauses.Idonateabout$500,000ayear,muchofthatgoingtoresearchtocurerarediseases.WealsosupportalotofservicesfordisadvantagedchildreninHoustonandotherplaces.Ihavealwaysbeensomeonewhocanseethebigpictureandhaveneverbeendistractedbythingsthatgetintheway.Therearelessonstobelearned,andthebiggestofthoseistokeepgoing.Youmayhavetochangethepath,butalwayskeepthatvisioninfrontofyou.36．Whichofthefollowingabouttheauthoristrue?A．Hedonatedalotofmoneytoimprovehiscompany’simage.B．Heoftenencountereddifficultiesintheprocessofgrowingup.C．Hestartedhisowncompanytogetherwithafriend.D．HechangedjobsseveraltimeswhileinLosAngeles.37．Bysaying“doalittlespinningofmyown”inthesecondparagraph,theauthorprobablymeanshewould_____________.A．lookforapart-timejobindependently B．makehiscontributionstotheeconomyC．giveintothedisappointingreality D．beself-employedtodevelophiscareer38．Whichqualityoftheauthorisnotshowninthepassage?A．Perseverance. B．Optimism. C．Innocence. D．Kindness.39．Whichoneisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A．SayingNoto“TurningBack” B．TipsforaSuccessfulBusinessC．JumpingoverEconomicDownturns D．ALife-timePursuitofDream??Justa2-minutewalkfromtheterminals,ShortStayisidealformeetingordroppingpassengersandagreatchoiceforshorttripsawayandbusinessmeetings.??YoucanbookShortStayparkinginadvancefordurationsoveronehouruptotwohourspriortoyourarrival,subjecttoavailability.??2-minutewalkfromtheTerminaldoors.??LEDlightingtohelplocateyourparkingspot.??AutomatedNumberPlateRecognitionand‘CarFinder’system.??24/7security??HeathrowLongStayParkingisidealifyou’regoingawayforweek-longtripsormore.??SimplybookLongStayparkingforyourtripordriveuptoanyLongStaycarpark.AttheentrybarrieryourregistrationwillberecognisedandaticketwillbeprintedshowingyourregistrationandBookingReference.Oncethebarrieropens,youmayproceedtothezoneindicated.??Usetheintercompointsatthebusstopstorequestapick-up.??Youwon'tfindourparkingcheaperanywhereelse.??Shuttlebusesrunevery10-15minutestotheterminaldoors??FreeWifionshuttlebuses.??24/7security??Theidealsolutionfortime-poorbusinesstravelersandotherpassengerswhowanttotravelefficientlyandinstyle.??BusinessparkingisavailableinTerminals2&3andTerminal5withnorequirementtohandinyourkeys.??Business-classshuttlebuseswithminimalwaittimes.??FreeWi-Fionshuttlebuses.??24/7security.??MeetandGreetparkingisoneofthemostconvenient,worry-freewaystoparkyourcaratHeathrow.JustdriveyourvehicletoourShortStaycarpark,leaveyourkeyswithusandwe’lldotherest!??Shortwalktoterminal.??Notransferneeded—justdropyourcarandoffyougo.??24/7secureparking.??Nowaitforcaronreturn.PLEASENOTE:Heathrowcurrentlydoesn’tprovideEV(electricvehicle)chargingfacilities.Withthisinmind,werecommendthatallcustomersdrivingEVstotheairportchargethemadequatelybeforearrival.40．Whichparkingfacilitymaytakeyouthelongesttravellingtimetotheterminals?A．ShortStay B．LongStay C．Business D．Meet&Greet41．UnderwhichcircumstancemayapassengerchooseBusinessParking?A．AtravelerwhowouldliketoenjoyfreeWi-Fiattheairport.B．Astudentwhohasanefficientplanontravellingeconomically.C．Amanagerwhorunsonatightscheduleandmaymisshisflight.D．Alocalwhoneedstopickuphisfriendfromalongflight.42．Whichoneofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheadvertisement?A．Youmayusethe“CarFinder”systemtolocateyourvehicleatBusinessParking.B．IfyouleaveyourcaratMeet&Greet,itisuptoyoutoguaranteeitssafety.C．Ifyouintendtotakea10-daytrip,you’dbetterparkyourvehicleatShortStay.D．PassengersdrivingEVsshouldchargetheirbatterybeforeparkingattheairport.CognitiveProcessingTherapy(CPT),along-termpsychologicaltherapy,isaspecifictypeofcognitivebehavioraltherapywhichreducespost-traumaticstressdisorder(创伤后应激障碍)symptomsafternaturaldisasters.Typically,CPTisdeliveredover12sessionstohelppatientslearnhowtomodifynegativeattitudesandpracticesrelatedtotheirtrauma.Thegoalisthatthepatientthencreatesanew,morepositiveviewandunderstandingofthetraumaticevent,whichreduceson-goingnegativeeffectsonthepatient’scurrentlife.Itspecificallyfocusesonthecoretraumathemesofsafety,trust,powerandcontrol,etc.Deliveredbothindividuallyandinstructuredgroupsessions,itallowsformultipledifferentpathstoreceiveeffectivetreatments.Insomestudies,ithasshowntobehelpfulincaseswheremedicinealonehasnotworked.BecauseCPTfocusesonretrainingthoughtsandbehaviorstoformpracticalstrategiesthatcanbeappliedtoeverydaylife.Comparedtoothertalk-therapies,ithasbeenespeciallysuccessful,becauseitcanbecompletedinabriefperiodoftime,allowingforalowerpatientdropoutrate.Italsoenhancesbrainconnectivity,whichlessenslong-termimpactsoftrauma.Thisincreasedconnectivityiswhycognitivebehavioraltherapyisoftenarguedtobemoreeffectivethanmedicine.Ontheotherhand,therearealsomultipledisadvantagestoCPT.Duetoitsstructurednature,itmaynotbesuitableforpeoplewithmorecomplexmentalhealthneedsorlearningdifficulties.Additionally,sinceitinvolvesfacinguptoemotionsandfears,patientsmayexperienceinitialperiodsofadditionalanxietyordiscomfort.Sometherapistsalsoarguethatbecauseitonlyaddressescurrentproblemsandspecificissuesitdoesnotaddresspossiblefundamentalcausesofmentalhealthconditions,andbecauseitfocusesontheindividual’scapacitytochangethemselvesitdoesnotaddresswidersystemproblemsthathaveasignificantimpactonapatient’shealthandwell-being.However,focusingmainlyonpost-naturaldisasters,regardlessofpre-disasterhealth,CPThasbeenrepeatedlyproventobearathersuccessfultreatmentapproach.AlthoughtherehavenotbeenstudiesgeneralizingCPTforchildren,itisaneffectivetreatmentforadults.ThecleareffectivenessofCPTdemonstratestheimportanceofpatient-specifictherapiesthatareuniquetotheexperiencesofindividualpatients.43．Accordingtothepassage,CPTisintendedtohelppatients_________.A．learnhowtomodifyvariousnegativeattitudesandpracticesB．cultivateapositiveviewandunderstandingofthetraumaticeventsC．minimizeon-goingnegativeeffectsontheirpreviousandcurrentlifeD．focusonthecoretraumathemesofsafety,trust,power,control,etc.44．Comparedwithothertalk-therapies,whatfeaturecontributestotheeffectivenessofCPT?A．Itsmultipletreatingassignments.B．Itsapplicablestrategiesindailylife.C．Itshighertreatmentfulfillment.D．Itsbrainconnectivityenhancement.45．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Post-disasterhealthisnottakenintoconsiderationintheCPT.B．CPTprovestobethemostsuccessfultreatmentapproachsofar.C．MoreresearchesmightbeconductedintotheeffectivenessofCPTinchildren.D．CPTaddressesthefundamentalcausesofpatients’mentalhealthconditions.46．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．TheapplicationofCognitiveProcessingTherapy.B．Anintroductiontoalong-termpsychologicaltherapy.C．Abreakthroughinthepsychologicalmedicalfield.D．ThelimitationsofCognitiveProcessingTherapy.五、六选四AtaLossforWordsImagineafriendisheadingouttofaceadifficulttask.Asalastwordbeforetheydisappear,youwanttoencouragethem.Whatmightyousay?IfyouarespeakingEnglish,thelikeliestchoiceis“goodluck”.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,thatisalittleodd.Thoughyoumightindeedhopelucksmilesonyourfriend,neithertheynoryoucandomuchabouttheprobability.____47____ThatiswhytheFrench,inthissituation,say“boncourage”,not“goodluck”.Englishdoesnotallowyoutopairanyoldadjectivewithanyoldnouninafixedexpression.Youmaywishsomeone“goodmorning”,“goodafternoon”or“goodnight”,butnot“goodweekend”.____48____However,inotherlanguagesitisperfectlyusual.____49____English-speakerswisheachotherahappybirthday,butspeakersofmanyotherlanguagessay“congratulations”asifthebirthdaygirlhaddonesomethingimpressivemerelybysurvivinganotheryear.TheDutchalsosay“gefeliciteerd”tomembersofthefamily,includingtheonewhoreallydeservescongratulating:themother.Thisisclosetoobligatory(义务的)，whileitwouldcomeasastrangesurpriseinEnglish.Itistemptingtodrawdeepculturalconclusionsfromthepresenceofthisortheabsenceofthatinalanguage.____50____Forexample,theEnglishdosaythetypicalFrenchwordsbonvoyageandbonappétit,andthere’snoreasontostopthere.Congratulateyourmother-in-lawonyourwife’sbirthday,andyoucanprepareforadelightedsmileback.Itmayseemawkwardortrickyatfirstbutyoucanmakeitstickifyoutry.A．Specialoccasionsareanotherwayinwhichlanguagesdiffer.B．Itisnaturaltobecriticaloflanguagesthatlackexpressionsyouthinknecessary.C．Whatyoureallywanttowishthemiscouragenotfortune.D．HavingnoEnglishequivalentisannoyingforthosewhoareusedtoit.E．Youcansaythatphraseifyoulike,butyourneighbourwouldlookatyoustrangely.F．Butnothavingawordforsomethingdoesn’tmeanyoucan’tcoinone—orborrowit.六、概要写作51．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhyCampingCanBeSoMuchFun?Whenyougoonholiday,wheredoyouliketostay?Ifyouhaven’ttriedcamping,maybeyoushouldjointheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthesimplepleasuresofcamping.Bygrabbingyourtent,andsomeadditionalthings,it’seasytoheadofftothecountrysideandenjoyanightortwounderthestars.Manycampersaredumpingthetrappingsoftheirmodern,busylifetodothis,encouragedbyexpertswhosayafewpeacefulnightsinthemiddleofnowheremightbeagoodwaytorelaxandimproveoursleeppatternsandwell-being.Itisalso,ofcourse,agoodlow-budgetholidayoption.Fortheadventurous,wildcampingisanidealwaytoescapefromreality.Armedwithjustsomefoodandasleepingbag,you’refreefromrules,awayfromotherpeople,andabletoenjoytheback-to-basicsexperience.Butforthosewhostillwantsomehomecomforts,acampsiteisamoresuitableplacetofixyourtent.Hereyouhavefacilitiessuchaswashrooms,ashopandmaybeevenarestaurant.Andforthemostluxuriouscampingexperience,youcouldtryglamping,atypeofcampingassociatedwithextremecomfortsandluxury.Morerecently,salesofcampingequipmenthavejumpedasmorepeoplehavechosenavacationspentathometownduetotravelrestrictionscausedbythepandemic.Onecampingretailer,Halfords,reportedasharpriseindemandforproductssuchasstoves,coolboxesandcampingchairs.Withtheadditionofsoftpillows,powerfultorchesandlampstolightupyourtentandabetterselectionofeasy-to-cookfood,youcanalmostguaranteeacomfortableandenjoyablecampingexpedition.Somaybeit’stimetogivecampingatry.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、汉译英（整句）52．她又把相册摊开在桌上未收，这是常有的事。(leave)(汉译英)53．不久又会有一颗用于监测气象的卫星发射升空。(it)(汉译英)54．在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节等节日悬挂。(symbolize)(汉译英)55．在偏远山区，空气很纯净，庄稼也不受污染，人们远离城市的喧嚣，过着简单而闲适的生活。(free)(汉译英)八、其他应用文56．Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是明启中学高三学生李华，你校学生会正在征集志愿者活动方案，请在以下三项活动中选择一项：一、深入社区宣传环保知识；二、担任“奉贤博物馆”义务讲解员；三、去孤儿院为孩子们上兴趣课。请你给学生会写封邮件，内容须包括：1.你的选择及理由2.你准备如何做___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10/2111/21/参考答案：1．As????2．can##could##may##might????3．being????4．which????5．tooffer????6．wererevealed????7．that????8．earlier????9．like????10．something##the【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，白发可以奇迹般地恢复颜色——至少是暂时的。文章介绍了这项研究的具体开展情况以及研究发现。1．考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们的头发失去了青春的颜色。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”应用as，句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。2．考查情态动词。句意：虽然这似乎是一个永久性的改变，但新的研究表明，白发可以/可能奇迹般地恢复颜色——至少是暂时的。后跟动词原形，表示“可以”或“可能”，应用情态动词can/could/may/might。故填can/could/may/might。3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在1972年的一篇论文中，已故医生斯坦利·科迈什报告了一个38岁男子的孤立病例，他的三股发丝末端较浅，但发根附近较深。此处为with的复合结构，strands与be构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填being。4．考查定语从句。句意：这标志着从根开始的正常变灰过程的逆转。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词process，从句缺少主语，指物，应用which引导。故填which。5．考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学研究人员的一项新研究首次提供了心理压力与人们头发变白之间的定量证据。序数词后跟不定式，作后置定语。故填tooffer。6．考查时态语态。句意：当头发与压力日志对照时，压力和头发变白之间的显着关联被揭示出来，在某些情况下，当压力消失时，头发变白的情况会逆转。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文was可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为strikingassociations，谓语用复数。故填wererevealed。7．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然压力会加速头发变白似乎很容易理解，但研究人员惊讶地发现，当压力缓解时，头发的颜色可以恢复。此处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导。故填that。8．考查比较级。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对衰老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年轮一样。结合语境表示“更早的”，应用比较级。故填earlier。9．考查介词。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对衰老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年轮一样。后跟名词作宾语，表示“像”，应用like。故填like。10．考查不定代词或冠词。句意：头发从身体里长出来，然后结晶成坚硬而稳定的东西，保存着你过去的记忆。此处表示“坚硬的某物”应用不定代词something或用定冠词+形容词，表示一类事物。故填something或the。11．G????12．B????13．C????14．K????15．H????16．F????17．J????18．E????19．D????20．I【导语】这是一篇记叙文。艾伦是一位先锋画家，他以传统的方式在画布上作画。他只是在使用颜料方面不同于通常使用画笔的做法。文章对这位画家进行了介绍。11．考查名词。句意：虽然他确实用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条，但他使用绘画刀来作画。根据“heusespaintingknivestoapplythepaint”可知，此处是指用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条，所以应用名词composition表示“作品”作宾语。故选G。12．考查动词。句意：早期，他发现用画刀涂上的颜料给了他想要传达主题的特殊主体和纹理。根据“hissubjects”可知，此处是指表达画的主题，所以应用动词convey表示“传达”。故选B。13．考查名词。句意：这把刀可以留下各种各样的痕迹，从精致的修饰到激烈的横扫和油漆的切片。根据“tofiercesweepingandslicesofpaint”可知，此处是指精致的修饰，所以应用名词touch表示“修饰”作宾语。故选C。14．考查动词。句意：艾伦有许多不同大小的绘画刀，但他更喜欢三到四把，因为经常使用，这些刀现在都磨薄了。根据“withconstantuse”可知，此处是指这些刀现在都磨薄了。所以应用动词wear表示“磨损”。故选K。15．考查动词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线、风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根据“notjusttheactualscenebutalsothechanginglight”可知，此处是指他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线，所以应用动词capture表示“捕捉”。故选H。16．考查形容词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线、风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根据“thedirectionofthewind”和“soundsandsmells”可知，此处是指伴随的声音和气味。所以应用形容词accompanying表示“伴随的”作定语。故选F。17．考查名词。句意：对于画家来说，在他离开现场很久之后，整个感官体验仍然固定在画中。根据“thechanginglight,thedirectionofthewind”和“soundsandsmells”可知，此处是指整个感官体验仍然固定在画中，所以应用名词sensory表示“感官”作定语。故选J。18．考查副词。句意：在他的一生中，艾伦广泛游历了许多特别的地方，这些地方激发了他的创造性想象力。根据“forparticularplaces”可知，此处是指艾伦广泛游历了许多地方，所以应用副词widely表示“广泛地”作状语。故选E。19．考查名词。句意：他是一个冒险的探索者，尽管有些地方很不方便或很困难。根据“ordifficultyofsomeofthelocations”可知，此处是指有些地方很不方便，所以应用名词inconvenience表示“不方便”作宾语。故选D。20．考查动词。句意：很久以前，他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法，因为这涉及画布、油画颜料和许多其他工具。根据后文“Henowtravelslight,takingonlysketchbooks,pensandafewwatercolourswithhim.”(他现在轻装旅行，只带速写本、钢笔和几幅水彩画。)可知，此处是指他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法。所以应用动词abandon表示“放弃”。故选I。21．A????22．C????23．B????24．C????25．C????26．C????27．D????28．B????29．C????30．D????31．B????32．C????33．A????34．D????35．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个机器人专家受到了蜜蜂的启发，建造机器人的过程以及这个机器人对地球的影响。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：典型的3D打印机受到喷嘴范围的限制，只能打印出比自身更小的物体。A.typical有代表性的；B.latest最新的；C.precise精确的；D.popular流行的。根据下文“limitedbytherangeofitsnozzle,andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself”可知，3D打印机会受其自身的限制，只能打印比自身小的物体，这是现在市场上有代表性的3D打印机的通病。故选A项。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士的团队通过给打印机喷嘴插上翅膀，消除了这一限制。A.part部分；B.characteristic特征；C.limitation限制；D.shortage短缺。上文“Atypical3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle”提到3D打印机的限制，所以下文才要移除该限制，C项limitation“限制”是原文limit的派生词复现。故选C项。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：扫描仪是装有摄像头的机器人，负责监控建造者的进度。A.suitable适合的；B.responsible负责的；C.famous有名的；D.ready准备好的。下文“Inthebuildingprocess,buildersandscannerscarryouttheirrespectivetasks”提到建造者和扫描仪需要各司其职，故空处需要填与“carryouttheirrespectivetasks”的近义表达。B项“负责的”带入为固定短语beresponsiblefor表示“对某事负责”符合文意。故选B项。24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在建造过程中，建造者和扫描仪执行各自的任务，轮流打印和调整，一层一层，直到结构完成。A.goon继续；B.workon影响；C.taketurns轮流；D.contributeto做贡献。根据后文“First,abuilderkeepsflyingoveritsareaofoperationandbeginstoreleaseajetofthebuildingmaterial.”和“Oncethebuilderrobothasreleasedalayerofmaterial,thescannerrobotfliesoverand____6____theprogress.”可知，两部分不光需要各司其职，还需要轮流合作。故选C项。25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：材料的选择很重要，它必须足够轻，无人机可以携带，但也要足够坚固，可以在上面建造下面的层。A.massive大的；B.stable稳定的；C.strong强的、坚固的；D.flexible灵活的。空前有but表示转折，所以空处需要填一个和上文“lightweight(轻的)”意义相反或相斥的词；C项“坚固的”符合句意。故选C项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦建造机器人释放了一层材料，扫描机器人就会飞过并检查进度。A.makes做；B.improves提高；C.inspects检查；D.continues继续。结合上文“Thescannersarerobotsequippedwithcamerasthatareresponsibleformonitoringtheprogressofthebuilders.”可知，扫描仪是监控进度的；故空处需要填“monitor”的近义词，C项“检查”为近义替换。故选C项。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些可能是建筑工人的错误，也可能是建筑材料膨胀时的缺陷。A.misguidance误导；B.imbalance不平衡；C.misuse误用；D.imperfection缺陷。空前有or表并列选择，并列的是前文的“errors(错误)”，故空处需要填近义词。D项“缺陷”符合句意。故选D项。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，人们还可以手动调整过程，在必要时监督和纠正过程。A.changing改变；B.supervising监督；C.arranging安排；D.measuring测量。根据上文“Oncethebuilderrobothasreleasedalayer