2023年考博英语真题

浙江理工大学博士硕士招生入学考试试题考试科目：英语代码:１001(请考生在答题纸或答题卡上答题,在试题纸上答题无效)PartＩVoｃａbｕlary(20ｍarｋｓ,1markeaｃｈ)SectionADirectｉons:Inthissｅctioｎthereare1０incｏｍpｌetｅsentenceｓinｔhiｓseｃtioｎ.ForｅachsｅｎtenｃethｅｒearｅfouｒchoiｃｅｓmaｒkｅdA，B，CanｄＤ.Choosｅｔheonｅthaｔbesｔcompletｅｓtｈeseｎｔenｃe.ThenｍaｒkthecｏrrespｏnｄingletterｏnAnｓｗerSheetIｗitｈasingｌelineｔｈrｏuｇhtｈｅcentｅr.1．Ifyoｕnｅveｒdoanywｏrk,youｗｉlloｎlyhａvｅｙoｕrseｌf____ｉfｙｏｕfaｉｌyourexａminaｔion.ｔofａuｌtB.toreprｏvｅC.tomｉstakeD.ｔoblａmｅ2.I’dlｉketostuｄyundeｒｙourguｉdance,becauｓeIｋnowyouarｅa(n）_＿__scｉｅnｔiｓtinphysｉcs.ｐｒominentB.ｒeｑuisiteC.ｄesｐeｒaｔeD.impatient3．Beｆoｒetｈｅirsｋinsｗereused,ｔheｉｒfeｅtwere__＿_,leａｄingｔoｔhemiscｏnｃeptionthatｔｈebｉrdｓnｅveｒｈaｄfeet.cutｄowｎB.cutintｏC.ｃutｏverD.cutoｆf4.Ｗｉｔhｔheｃonstantcｈanｇeoｆtheconｄiｔioｎs,ｔheｏutcomeｉsnｏtａｌｗａys_____.A.ｆaｖorabｌｅB.ｒeasonａblｅC．dｅpendableD.preｄiｃｔable5.Theteｌｅvｉsionｓtationiｓsｕpportｅdby_＿_＿_＿froｍfｏｕndaｔionｓａnｄotheｒsoｕrces．Ａ.ｐｅnsiｏnsＢ.aｃcｏｕnｔsC.donationsD.adveｒtｉsｅmｅntｓ６.Wｅ’llalltａkeaｖacatioｎiｎthemouｎｔaiｎsassｏoｎasＩfｉniｓhwoｒking____＿myprojｅct.Ａ.ｗｉthＢ.onＣ．inＤ.about7.Herhusｂaｎdisｉnterestedｉｎdｅsigningｅleｃtroｎic＿＿___＿__＿.A．ｓafetｙB．ｍanａgeｍenｔC.ｒoｕtinｅD.devｉｃes8.Gesturｅｓaｒeaniｍｐortantｍeanｓto_______mｅsｓagｅ．A.studyB.coｎvｅyC.keepD．exｐloiｔ9．____＿＿＿_preparatｉonswerebeiｎgｍadeｆｏrｔhePrimeMｉnister'soｆficiａlvisittothefouｒｆorｅｉgncouｎtries．A.ElａboraｔeＢ．WｉseC.NeutｒaｌD．Oｐｔional1０.__＿_adｕlｔs,ｙoｕngｃｈildrｅnｆindlittledｉｆｆiｃｕltyiｎｉmitatｉngsouｎdsinforeiｇnｌanｇuages.NoｔlikeＢ．UｎlikeC．ＢｅｉｎgｎoｔD.NoｔasＳｅctiｏnＢDirecｔions:Ｉｎthｉssectiontｈeｒearｅ10senｔｅnces,ｅacｈwithoｎewordorphrａｓｅｓuｎderlinｅd．ChoｏseｔｈeoｎｅfrｏｍthefoｕrchｏicesｍaｒkｅdA,B，ＣandＤtｈatbｅstｋeeｐstｈemeaｎingofthesenｔｅｎce.TheｎｍarｋthecorrespondingletteｒoｎtheＡｎswerSheｅtIwitｈasｉｎglelｉnethｒｏughｔhｅcenｔer.11.Theｆiｎancialpresｓuｒewｉｌlｂｒingabouｔenoｒｍoｕｓpsychologicａldiｓcomfｏrt.A.ｄensｅB．dｉsｔiｎctＣ.ｄoubｔfuｌＤ.gｒeat1２.Itｉｓthｅuniquesａtｉsfａｃtioｎtｈeycanderivefroｍtheworｋtｈeyaｃｃompｌisｈeｄ．A.inherｉtB.obｔainC．iｇｎoreＤ.acｃompany13.Themａnagerｓaｒewｏrkiｎgharｄtｏtrａnsfｏrｍｔheirentｉrｅoｒganizaｔｉｏnｓ.A.fｏundB.ｒanｋC.reｆoｒmD．dｅstroy14.Thｅmoｓｔterribｌedisputeｓaｒethosｅaboutmａtteｒsastowｈichthｅreｉｓｎoｇoodeviｄenｃe.A.aｇreemenｔsＢ．dｉscussｉｏｎsC.ｃｏnversaｔｉｏｎsD.aｒguments1５.Yｏuｓhｏuｌdbecautiousａbｏutwhatｙouaｒegoiｎgtｏｓay.A．polｉｔｅB．ｐrevaiｌinｇC.ｉnternalD.carefｕｌ16．Tｈeｙconsuｌtｅdtheｉrtuｔｏraboutｔhｉｓdifｆｉcultissueandｇotwhattheｙｎeeded.Ａ.asｋedaｄviceofB.ｇoｔｂenefｉtｆromC.keptaｎeyeonD.mａdｅｕpｏf17.ＩｔisnｅcｅssaｒytocontraｓｔChiｎa’seduｃaｔｉonｓyｓtｅmwithiｎＵSA.Ａ.overcomeB.compareC.ａdmitD.celｅbrａtｅ18.Hemｅｎtiｏnｅdｔhaｔkindofｈａppineｓｓwhｉchmostpeopｌehaｖelｉｖedｔhｒough．Ａ.ｃｏnceaｌｅdＢ.proposedC.ｃomplａiｎedD.eｘpｅrienced１9．ItmｕstｂｅcｌearthattheｓeｐｒoblemsmustbetacｋledbeforeFｒiｄaｙ.A.ｅｘｉｓtedB.solvｅdＣ.ｒemｅmbｅrｅdD．assumed２0.Myfrieｎｄunexｐectedlydroｐpｅdｉn,andＩhａdｎotimｅtｏｅntertaintheｍ.A.vｉｓitedB.ｓtepｐｅdinC.drｏｐpeｄoｆｆＤ.mｅtPartIＩＣloｚeＴest(20ｍarks,1ｍarｋeaｃｈ）Dｉrections:Ｔhereaｒe20blanksiｎtｈｅｆollｏｗiｎｇpaｓｓagｅ.ＦoreacｈblankthｅrearｅfoｕrｃｈｏｉｃｅsmaｒｋeｄA,Ｂ,CandD.Yousｈoｕｌdcｈｏoseｔheｏnｅthａtｂestｆiｔｓｉntotｈepassaｇe.TｈｅnmarkｔhｅｃoｒrespｏndinglettｅronｔhｅAｎswerSheｅtIｗｉtｈａsingｌelｉｎeｔhrｏugｈthｅcｅnter．Dｕriｎｇtｈｅｅarlyyeaｒsｏfthｉscentｕrｙ,ｗhｅatwasseenasｔhevｅrｙliｆｅbloodoｆWｅsteｒnCanada.2１thｅcropswｅregood，the22waｓｇｏoｄ;wheｎtｈecｒopｓfａｉled，ｔｈeｒewaｓ23.Peｏpｌeｏnciｔｙstreｅｔs24theｙieｌｄsandｔｈepriceofwheaｔｗiｔｈalmosｔasmｕｃh25ａsiftｈeyweregrowers.Thｅ26ofwｈeａｔbeｃaｍeanincｒeasinｇly27topicoｆconversatｉｏn.Wａrsetｔhestａgeforthemｏｓt２8evｅｎtsinmａrkｅtｉngthｅwesternｃrｏp.Ｆｏryearsｆarmers2９speculａｔive（投机）graｉnｓelｌingascaｒriedontｈｒoｕｇhｔheWinnｉpｅgｇｒaｉｎExchａnge.Whｅaｔ3０weｒｅgeｎｅrallylowintheautuｍn,３１farmersｃouldnotwaiｔｆｏrmarkeｔｓｔoimｐｒove.Ithadhappenedtooofteｎ３2thｅysｏlｄthｅirwｈeａｔｓooｎaftｅrhａｒｖeｓｔwｈｅｎｆarm3３wereｃomingdueｏｎｌytosｅeｐricesrisingandsｐｅｃulatoｒs３4rich.Onｖariｏus35,ｐrｏducｅrgｒoupsaskｅdforｆｉrmercontrols，buｔgoverｎmenｔshaｄnowisｈtobecomeinvolｖeｄ,ａtｌｅａsｔ36wａrtimeｗhenwheａtｐrｉcesthreatenedｔｏｒunwild．Anxioustｏcｈeckinflatｉoｎaｎdrisinglｉvｉnｇcosｔ,thｅfedeｒａｌgoｖeｒnｍentappointｅda37oｆgrａiｎsｕpｅrvｉsorｓtｏhandｌｅdeliveriesｆromｔhecｒoｐsoｆ1９１7ａnd19１８.GｒainExchangｅｔｒadingwas３8,aｎｄfarｍｅrsｓoldａtprices39bｙthebｏaｒd.Tｏｈａnｄlｅｔhｅcropof１919，thegovernmenｔ４0thefｉｒstＣanａdｉanWｈeatBｏard,witｈfｕllauｔhoritytobuy，sell,anｄｓeｔprices.２1.AＩf ﻩﻩ B.Sinceﻩ ﻩC．Whｅnﻩ D．But22.Ａ.ecｏｎｏmiｓtﻩﻩB．ecｏnｏmical ﻩＣ.eｃｏnomicsﻩ D.eｃonoｍy２3.A.depressionﻩﻩＢ.deprivation ﻩC.descrｉｐｔｉｏnﻩﻩD.deｐletion24.A.ｌookｅd ﻩＢ.watcｈed C.sawﻩﻩﻩD.noticｅd25．Ａ．ｔｈougｈｔ ﻩB．ｆeeling ﻩﻩC.ｉｄeaﻩﻩ D．mｉnｄ26.A.grｏwingﻩﻩB.ｐｕｒchasing ﻩC.keeｐing D.markｅting２7．A.favｏurable ﻩＢ.favｏuriｔe ﻩC.faｖouｒﻩ ﻩD．freqｕenｔ28．A.dramatiｃ ﻩB．amusｉnｇ ﻩＣ.dｒeａdfulﻩ D.inｔeresting29．Ａ.misundｅrstｏodﻩB．miｓtook C．mistrｕstedD.ｍisjudged30.Ａ.valｕｅｓ ﻩ B．woｒｔｈﻩ ﻩＣ．ｐrｉｃeｓ ﻩ Ｄ.ｓales31．Ａ.sｏ Ｂ.becａuse ﻩC.andﻩﻩﻩD.ｂut3２.A.whiｃｈﻩﻩ B.whatﻩ ﻩC.tｈaｔﻩD.becausｅ3３.A.ｄｅbtsﻩ B．saviｎｇsﻩ C.tａxes ﻩﻩD．ｄuties３4．A.being Ｂ.ｇｅtｔing ﻩﻩC．ｂｅｃame ﻩD．grew３5.A.ｃonｄｉtions ﻩＢ.sｉｔｕationsﻩﻩC.ocｃａｓionsﻩﻩＤ.ｐoｓｉtｉons36.A．ｗhｅn ﻩＢ.becauseﻩ C.ｉf ﻩ ﻩD.notuntｉl３7.Ａ．ｂoardﻩﻩ B.ｇrｏup ﻩＣ．cｏｍmitｔeeﻩﻩD.ｏrｇａｎizａtion３8.Ａ.suspendｅｄﻩ B.ｓustaｉｎedﻩ Ｃ.sｕsｐecｔed D．ｄelａyed３9．A.settingﻩ B．fiｘed ﻩﻩＣ.decｉding Ｄ.detｅrmiｎiｎg40.A.dｉsaｐpointed Ｂ.assigneｄ ﻩC．ｅntruｓteｄﻩ D.apｐoinｔedPａrtIIIReadinｇCｏmpｒehｅｎｓion(２5maｒks,１mａrｋeach）Ｄirecｔions:Thｅreａｒe5passａｇeｓｉnthisｐarｔ．Eachpassageisfoｌｌoweｄbysｏｍequｅstionsｏruｎｆｉnｉshｅdｓtateｍeｎts．ForeachoftｈemthereareｆourchoicesmaｒｋｅｄＡ,Ｂ，CaｎdD.ＹoｕsｈoulddecideontｈebｅstｃhoiｃｅaｎdｍarktｈeｃorｒespｏndｉnglettｅｒonAnswerSｈeetIwiｔhaｓingｌelｉｎetｈrｏughtｈeｃeｎtｅr．Paｓsage１Tｈerearｅtwoｍethｏdsoｆfiｇｈｔing,theonebyｌaw，ｔheothｅrbyforｃｅ;ｔｈeｆirstmｅｔhｏdisthatofｍen,theseconｄofbｅasｔs；butasthefiｒsｔmethodisoftｅnｉｎｓuffｉcｉeｎｔ,oｎemustｈavｅrｅcourｓｅtotｈesecond.Ｉtis,ｔｈeｒｅｆorｅ,necｅssａryfｏrａprinceｔoknowhowtｏuseｂothｔhebeａstａnｄtheman.Thｉｓwascovｅrtlｙtaｕgｈｔtotherｕlesbyancｉentwriterｓ,wｈｏrelaｔehｏwAｃhillesaｎdmanyoｔherｓofthoｓeaｎcienｔprｉｎcｅsweregiｖｅｎChｉrｏntheｃentaｕrtobebrougｈtupandeｄucateduｎderhisdiscipline.Ｔｈeｐａrableofｔhissｅmi-ａniｍal，ｓｅmi－ｈumaｎtｅａcｈeｒｉsmeａｎtｔoinｄicateｔhatapriｎcemustknowｈｏwtｏusebｏｔhnaｔureｓ,andtｈatｔheｏnewithouｔtheotｈerｉｓｎoｔduｒable.Ａprinｃe,ｂｅinｇthｕｓobligeｄtｏkｎowwellhowtｏａctａｓａbeaｓt,mｕstimitａtetｈefoｘ,andtｈelｉｏn,foｒtｈelｉoｎｃannotprotecthimｓelfｆｒoｍｔｒaps,ａｎdｔｈefoｘcanｎoｔdｅfeｎdhimｓｅlffrｏmwｏｌｖes.Ｔhosethatwishtoｂeｏｎlyｌｉoｎｓｄonotuｎｄersｔandtｈis.Tｈerefore，aｐｒudentｒulerouｇhtnotｔｏkｅepfaiｔｈwｈeｎbyｄoingｓoｉtwouldbeａgainｓthisinｔｅresｔ,aｎdthereasonswｈichｍａdehｉmbinｄhｉｍｓelfnoloｎgｅrexｉｓｔ.Ｉfmeｎwereallｇood，thisprecepｔｗouldnotbｅａgoodonｅ;butastheyａｒｅｂad,andwｏuldｎotoｂservethｅｉｒfaiｔhwｉthyou,ｓoyouareｎotboｕnｄtoｋｅeｐｆaithwｉｔhthem.Nｏrhaveleｇitiｍategrouｎdseverfailedaprincｅwhｏｗishedtoshoｗcｏloraｂleｅｘcuｓefｏrtｈｅnｏｎfｕlfilｍenｔoｆhisｐrｏmiｓe.Ofｔhisonecouldfurｎishaｎｉｎfiniｔenｕmberofexaｍplｅs,andｓhowhowmaｎyｔimeｓｐeacｅhasbeｅnbrｏken,aｎｄhowmａnyprｏmisesrｅndeｒedworｔhleｓs,ｂｙthefaithleｓｓnｅsｓoｆprinｃeｓ,ａnｄtｈosethａtｈavebeｓtbeenabletｏimitａｔeｔhｅfoxhavesucｃeedeｄｂｅst.Butｉtｉsｎecessarytobeａｂｌｅtｏdiｓguｉｓeｔｈiscｈaracｔｅrwｅｌl,andtｏbｅagrｅatfeigｎerａｎｄｄissembler,anｄmenarｅsｏsiｍpleａndsoreadytooｂeyｐresentｎeｃessｉties,thａtthｅonewhoｄeceiveswillalwａysfindtｈoｓewhoａllowthemselvｅsｔobedeｃeived.41.Thｅwriterdoｅｓnotbeｌｉevｅｔｈａt________＿.a.thetruthmａkesmｅｎfreeb.ｐeoｐlｅcanproｔecｔthemselveｓc.pｒinceｓaｒehumａnd．lｅaderｓhavｅｔobeconｓistｅnｔ4２．“Priｎce”ｉnｔheｐassagedesignａｔｅs__＿＿＿____＿.a.aｎyonｅｉnｐｏweｒb.elｅcｔedofficiaｌsc.ａristoｃraｔsd．sonｓｏfｋingｓ43.Theliｏnrepｒesｅntｓthosewhoare_＿_______＿．a．tootrusｔiｎgb.rｅliantonｆorcｅc．strｏnganｄｐowerfｕld.lａckｉｎgｉnintｅｌlｉgence4４.Ｔｈefｏx,ｉnthepasｓage,is＿___________.a．admireｄfｏrｈiｓtriｃkｅryb.ｎｏmatchｆorthelｉoｎc.ｐｉｔｉedfoｒｈiswｉlesd.considereｄｗorthless４5.Thewritersuggeststhatａsuｃcesｓfｕlｌeadｅｒｍust_＿＿_＿__.a.bepruｄentａndfaithfulb.cｈｅatandliｅc.haveprincipletoｇuiｄehisactiｏnsd．folｌowtheｔｒutｈPａssage2Thｅbalｌadandthefoｌksonghavｅｌｏngbeenrecogniｚｅdasimｐｏｒtanｔkeｙｓtothethougｈｔsanｄfeelingｓｏｆａpeople,buｔtheｄiｍenovｅl,thouｇhsougｈｔbyｔhecollectoraｎdｒefｅrredtoinａgｅｎｅｒalwａyｂythｅsｏcｉalhｉｓtoriａｎ,iｓｄｉsｍiｓsedwitｈａsｍileamｕsｅmenｔbyalｍｏsteveryoｎｅｅlse.ＮeｉtherfolksｏngｓnordimenoｖelswereactuaｌlycｒeatedbyｔｈeplａiｎpeopleofAmeｒica.Butintheｉrdeｖotｉoｎtotheｓｅmｏｄelsofｅｘpresｓiｏｎ,ｔhepeoplｅｍaｄｅtheｍｔhｅiroｗn．Thedimeｎoｖel,inteｎdedaｓitwaｓfｏrthｅｇreatmassesａnddesiｇneｄtｏfillｔhepockｅtsofbｏthauｔhorandpuｂlisｈer,quitenatｕrａlｌysoughtｔheloｗｅstcomｍondeｎominaｔｏr:thｅmｅｓtｈａtweｒefoundｔobepoｐularａndａｔtitudeｓｔhatmetwiththemostgｅｎeｒalappｒｏｖａlbecaｍeｓterｅotyｐeｄ．Morｅover，ｔhedimenoｖeｌ,rｅflｅctingamｕchwiderｒａｎgeofａttiｔuｄｅsaｎdideasthaｎtheｂａlladａｎｄtｈeｆolｋsｏng,iｓtheｎeaｒestthｉｎgweｈａｖeｈａdinthｉｓcｏｕｎtrytoatｒｕe“proletaｒｉａｎ”litｅratｕre,thatiｓ,aliteratuｒewｒｉtｔenfｏrthｅgｒeatmaｓseｓoｆｐeopleandactualｌyreadｂythem．AlthｏｕｇhasｔudyofourdimeｎovelsaｌｏnｅcaｎｎoteｎableａnyoneｔodetｅｒｍｉｎewhataretｈｅeｓsentｉａlchaｒacｔerｉｓｔicsoftheAｍerｉcａntraditiｏｎ，iｔcanｃoｎtrｉｂuｔemａｔeriaｌlytotｈatenｄ．Ｓooneroｒlater,tｈｅｉnｄuｓtrｉｏusresearchersｗhohaｖemｉnedsｏmanyobscurelｏdesofAｍeriｃanliterａryexｐｒessionｗillalｍostcertaｉnlｙtｕrntheirattentｉontotheｓenｏvelsandallｔheiｒkind．Letｎoonethiｎk,howeｖeｒ，thatthesalｍon-ｃovereｄｐaperｂａcksoncesoeａgerlydevｏuredbｙsｏldieｒs,luｍｂeｒｊａcks,ｔraｉnmen,hiｒedgirls,anｄａｄolesｃｅnｔboysnowｍakeexｃitingorａgrｅeabｌereａdingｅvenｆorthehiｓtｏrian,mｕchａsthｅsｏｃialandhistoricalｉmplicaｔｉｏnsmayinteresｔhiｍ.Asforthｅcrowｄstodａywｈogeｔｔｈeｉrsensａtioｎａｌthrｉｌｌsfrｏmｔｈemovｉｅｓaｎdtｈetaｂloiｄs,Ｉfeａrthａtｔheywoulｄfindｔｈesｅhair-raiserｓofanearlierａｇedeadｌydull.４6．Theprinciｐaliｎteｎｔionｏｆthｅaｕthｏｒoｆaｄimenｏvｅｌwaｓto____＿_＿＿__．a．eｘploreaseｇmentofＡmericansoｃiｅｔy．b.prｏmotetheAmｅricａnｐoｌitiｃalpｈilosophy．ｃ.raisetheleveloｆintelligｅｎｃeｏfthegｒeａｔmaｓsｅｓoｆｐeople．d．makemoney.４７.Ｔhe“lｏweｓtcommondeｎoｍinator”ｒeｆeｒsｔｏ＿________.a.thｅpooｒerclａsｓes.ｂ．thｅmesandatｔitudeｓthaｔwouldbeacceptｅdbytheｇreatｅsｔｎumｂeｒofpeoｐle．c.attituｄesacceptｅｄbytheAmericanｉnｔelｌectｕaｌｓ.ｄ．theｃｈaractｅroｆtｈeａｕthoｒｓofｔheｄiｍｅnoveｌ.４８．“Ｐrolｅtarｉan”literａtｕｒeiｓ_＿＿＿_____.a.writｔeｎforaｎdreadｂythegreaｔmａsseｓofｐｅoplｅ.b.distｉnguishｅdｂyiｔsdeｖotioｎｔopoｒｎography.c.disｔiｎｇuishedbyitseｌegａｎtstylｅ.d.writtenfor，buｔnoｔａctｕalｌyｒeaｄby,ｍostｐeｏｐle.49．Theauthorbｅｌｉevesｔhatasｔudyofoｕrｄiｍｅnoｖｅlｓ_＿___＿____.a.isaｗaｓｔeｏftime.b．ｗouldbeｓufｆｉｃieｎtinｉｔselfｔoｄeterｍineｔｈｅｅｓseｎｔialcharacteriｓticsoftｈeAmericantrａｄｉtion．c．wouｌdbeavaluablecoｎtrｉbuｔioｎiｎdｅteｒｍｉningthｅeｓseｎtiaｌchａraｃterｉstｉcsｏfｔheAmeriｃantｒaditｉon.d.wouldbeamｕｓingbutunimpoｒtaｎt.5０．Whｉchoｆthefｏllowingisiｍｐｌiｅｄｉｎthｅpassagｅ?a.Thｅattitudesofｔhemasseｓｏfpｅoplearebestexpressedbysｏｃiologｙtexts.b.Tｈｅｎeaｒestthｉngwehaｖehadtoａpｒoletarｉaｎliｔerａtｕreiｓthedｉｍenovｅl.ｃ.Thestudyofthｅformalliteratureａｌonｅwillnoｔenａbletｈehistoriａntoundｅrstandtｈｅaｔtｉtudｅsandinteｒeｓｔsoftｈeｃommoｎpeｏpｌe.d.Becauｓethｅｔhemesinｔheｄimenovelsｗereｎoｔgｏoｄ，thｅycoｕｌdnoｌongerbｅｌegallydｉstributed．Ｐａsｓagｅ3Wｈｅｎｗeｓaysomebodｙｔoｕｃhｅsｕsemoｔionａlly,iｔｍeａnｓheorsｈeｈaｓｇonｅｔothecoreｏfourbeing.Phyｓｉｃaltｏuch,ｔoｏ,ismorethanskin－deｅp．Skｉnisｔheｈuｍaｎｂｏdy’slargeｓtorｇａn,conｔainiｎｇｍillｉonｓofｒeｃeptoｒs--－about8,０00ｉnａｓinglｅｆingertiｐ--－thatsenｄmessagｅsthｒouｇhneｒｖefibｅrstoｔhｅspｉnalcordanｄthentotｈｅbrain.Asimpｌeｔouｃh－--ａhanｄonasｈoulｄeｒ,anａrmａroｕndaｗaist---canrｅｄucethｅheａrtｒatｅsａｎdloｗeｒbｌooｄｐｒessuｒe.Eｖenpeopｌｅiｎｄeepｃoｍaｓmａysｈowchａngｅsinｔｈeｉｒｈeaｒtraｔｅswhｅntheirhandsａrehelｄ.Posｉtive，nｕrturingｔouｃhappeaｒstoｓtｉmuｌatｅｔheｒｅleａseｏｆenｄorｐｈｉｎs,tｈebody’sｎaturalpainｓupprｅssorｓ.Tｈatmayexpｌａiｎwｈyamoｔheｒ’shugcanliteｒaｌｌy“makeｉtbetｔeｒ”ｗｈenａchildｓkinshｉｓknee．ﻩＡccordinｇtoTRIrｅsearch,messagebｏostsiｍmuｎｅfuｎctｉｏｎ－-－eｖeninHIVpｏsitivepatiｅntｓ-－-andloｗerlｅveｌsofsｔｒessｈｏｒmｏnescｏｒticalandnｏrｅpinephriｎe. Alsｏ,ｍassａgedｐrｅemｉｅswereｄischargedfroｍｔhｅhospitaｌsｉxｄayssooｎeｒonaveragｅ．Withhundredsｏfｔhousanｄsｏｆｐrematurebirtｈseachｙｅａr,ｏnemｉghtthｉnkhosｐitaｌｎurserｉｅswouldｂefallingalloverthｅmｓｅlvestｏeｓｔaｂlｉｓhｍassagｅprograｍs.Ｙeｔtheyaｒestｉｌlnotｗｉdｅspread.ﻩPerｈapsonereasonｉsculｔurａl.Someｃountriesaｒemｏｒetaｃtilethanotｈeｒs.WhenpｓychoｌoｇiｓtSiｄneyＪｏuraｒdｏbserｖedrateｓｏｆcausaltouchａmongｃｏuplesincafeｓaroundthewoｒld，hｅreportｅdthｅhｉghesｔratｅinPueｒtoRico(180timeｓｐｅrｈourｓ)．FieｌdｆounｄthatＦrenchadｏlesceｎｔsdeｍonｓｔrａｔesigniｆicaｎtｌymoｒecａsuａltｏuchｉng-－-ｌearnｉｎｇonaｆrieｎd,ｐuttingａｎaｒｍａroundanｏthｅr’ｓsｈoulder．“Amerｉcanｔeenaｇersweremｏrelｉkｅlytofiddｌeｗiththeｉrriｎgｓ，ｃｒaｃｋtｈｅirknｕcklesorｅngageinotｈerformsｏfｓelf-sｔimulａtｉon.Frｅｎcｈpareｎtｓａndtｅacheｒsａreｍorephysicallｙaffecｔｉonaｔe，andthｅkｉdsareｌeｓsaggressive,”saｙsFｉｅld.Firｓtanｄlaｓt：ｔoｕｃhisthefｉrstｓｅnseｔodｅvｅlｏｐinhｕmans,aｎditmaybｅｔheｌastｔofade.TRＩsｅtupａstｕdyiｎwhichvoluｎteersoｖeｒage60ｗｅｒｅgｉvｅntｈreeweeｋsｏｆmａssaｇeandthenwｅｒｅtrainｅｄｔｏmaｓｓagｅｔoddlｅrsaｔtｈｅｐreschool.Givｉｎgｍａssageproveｄevenmoｒｅbenｅficialthangeｔtingthem:Ｔhｅelｄersｅxhibｉtｅdlesｓdｅpreｓsionanｄlｏｎｅｌinessandｌｏweｒｌevｅlsｏfstｒessｈormones.Ｔhｅyhadｆewｅrdｏctoｒvｉsits,draｎklｅssｃoffeeaｎdｍadｅmoresocｉａlpｈｏnecalls.51.Wｈenweｓayｓomeboｄytｏuchesusemoｔｉｏnally，itmeａｎs___＿____＿＿＿_ｈeorｓhehaｓknownwhatweareｔhinkingaｂoutwehａveｇotintoucｈｗiｔｈhimｏrｈeｒheｏrsheｈasmoｖｅｄｕshｅoｒｓhｅcａnunderstandus5２.Aposｉtｉvｅtoｕcｈmay＿___＿＿__A.ｍakeapａtｉentｒecoverB.ｒelｉeｖethepａｉnC．makeaｃhiｌdsｋinhisｋneｅD．stｉmulatｅaｐatient53.Ｐreemiesweredisｃhａrgedｆｒomhospiｔal_________ﻫA.siｘdayssｏonerｏnａｖerageB.wheｎｔhｅyｗｅrｅingooｄheaｌthC.aｆteｒthｅｙhadｓｔａyeｄiｎｈｏsｐｉtａｌｆoｒｓiｘｄaysonaverａgeD.ｓoonerｔhantheothersiftheyhadbeenｍaｓsaｇｅd5４.ＷhｙarｅＦｒeｎchchｉldｒenlessaggｒesｓｉveｔhantｈeirAmeｒicａncoｕｎtｅrparts?A.BｅcauseＦreｎchpａrｅｎｔsandcｈildrentoucｈｅachｏｔhｅrmoｒeｆrequently.B.BecauseAmｅｒiｃankidsaｒemorelikelyｔｏfiddlewｉththeirrings.C.ＢecausｅFrｅnｃhkidsarelessaｇgressiｖebynaｔｕrｅ.D．BecauseAmericanｋidｓlikeselｆ－stimulatｉon.55.Thｅstudyｗithvｏluｎteersoｖｅｒ60pｒｏｖeｄtｈatpｈyｓiｃaltｏuch__＿_＿___ﻫA.mａydoｇoodtoｂｏthwｈotoucｈｅstheｏｔｈersandwhｏaｒetoｕchedＢ.maybemｏrebeｎｅficiaｌtｏthｅonｅwhoaｒetouchｅdC.ｍayｂemorｅbenｅfｉcialtoｅlderｓ．Ｄ．mａybeｍｏrebｅneficｉａltobabiｅsPasｓａgeFourAｆewｙeaｒsagｏａyoｕｎgmotherwatchedheｒhusbａndｄiaperｔhｅirfirstbornson．“Ｙoudonoｔhａｖetｏbeｕnｈappｙaboutiｔ,”sｈeprotesｔed．“Yoｕcaｎｔalktohimａndｓmilealitｔle.”Thefaｔher,whohapｐeneｄｔobeａpｓychｏｌoｇist,answerｅdfiｒmly,“Hehaｓnotｈｉngｔoｓａytome，andIｈavenothingtosａytohiｍ.”Psｙｃhologｉｓtnowkｎｏwhowwｒoｎgthatfaｔherwas．Ｆｒｏmthemomentofbｉｒtｈ，abａｂyhasagｒeａtdealtosaytohｉsparentａｎｄthｅytｏhiｍ.Ｂutaｄecadｅｏｒsｏago，theｓeeｘpeｒtsweredescribiｎｇtheneｗbornasaprimitivecreatuｒewｈoreａcteｄoｎlyｂyｒefleｘ,ahｅlplessvicｔimoｆｉｔseｎvironmentwithｏｕtcａpacitｙtoinfluenceiｔ．Andmothｅrsａcceptedｔｈetｒｕth.Ｍosｔthｏuｇhｔ(ａｎdsoｍeｓtiｌldo)thataneｗinfantｃouldseeｏnlybluｒryｓｈａdｏws,thaｔhiｓotｈｅｒｓeｎｓesｗｅrｅｕndeｖeloｐed,andthａtallｈereｑuiredｗasｎｏｕrisｈｍenｔ,cleandiapeｒs,andaｗarｍbassineｔ.Todaｙuｎiｖersｉtylabｏratorｉeｓaｃrosｓtｈecｏuntrｙarestｕdｙingｎｅｗbｏrnsintｈｅirｆirｓｔmoｎtｈｏfliｆe.Aｓａｒeｓult,psychologisｔsnｏwdesｃribeｔhenｅwｂabyaspercｅptｉvｅ,ｗithremaｒkabｌeｌearniｎｇabiliｔiesaｎｄaｎevenmｏreｒeｍaｒkａbleｃapaｃitｙtoｓhapｅｈiｓoｒherenviroｎｍenｔinｃｌuｄinｇｔｈｅattiｔudesanｄactionｓoｆhｉｓｐareｎｔｓ.Soｍeresｅaｒcｈeｒsbelievethattheneoｎａｔａｌperiｏｄmayeｖenｂeｔhemosｔsｉｇｎｉｆicａnｔfourｗeeｋsiｎanｅntirelifetimｅ.Farｆrombeｉnｇｈelpless，ｔhenｅｗbornknowswｈaｔｈeｌikｅsaｎdreｊectsｗhaｔｈedｏｅsn’t.Hｅｓｈuｔouｔｕnpleasanｔsensaｔｉonsbｙcｌoｓinｇｈiseｙesoravｅｒtinghｉｓｆａce.Ｈeｉsagluｔｔｏnforｎｏｖｅlｔy.Hepreferｓanimaｔethｉngsoverinａnimａｔeandlｉkespeoｐｌemorｅthanａnｙｔhｉng.Whenamｏreninemｉnutesｏut,ａｎinfａnｔprｅfeｒsahuｍanｆaｃｅtoahead-ｓhapedouｔlｉne.Ｈemakesthｅchoicedesｐiｔethｅfａcttｈat,wiｔhdｅlｉveryroomaｔｔｅｎｄａntｓｍaskｅdandgｏwｎed,hｅhasｎeverｓeｅnａhumanfaceｂefｏre.Bｙｔｈetｉｍehｅ’sｔwｅlvehourｓｏlｄ,ｈｉsentｉｒebｏdymovesinｐｒecisesyncｈrｏnytothｅｓouｎdofaｈumａｎvoice,asiｆheｗｅreｄａｎcinｇ．Anon-humaｎｓouｎd,suｃｈaｓataｐｐｉnｇnｏｉｓe,bｒｉngsnosuchrｅspoｎse.56.Thｅauthorｐointsoｕtthatthｅｆaｔheｒdiapｅriｎghiｓｆｉrsｔ-bornsonwaswｒonｇbecause____＿__.Ａ.hethoughｔthebabywａｓnotcapableofａｎyｒeｓｐonｓeＢ.hethｏughtｔhebabydiｄn’thaveｔｈepoweroｆspeechＣ.ｈewaｓapsyｃhｏlogiｓtunwｏｒthyofhispｒofessionD．ｈeｂｅlievedthebabyｗaｓｎoｔabletｏhearhiｍ５7．Ａccoｒｄingｔｏtｈepasｓaｇe,whiｃｈofｔheｆolloｗingisＴRUE?A．Ａｎewｉｎfantｃaｎseｅonlｙblurrysｈaｄows.B.Ａnewinfantisａｃtuallyabletoｉnflｕｅｎcehiｓorhｅrenviroｎmeｎt.C．Ａllanｅwｉnfaｎｔreｑuｉresiｓnourishmenｔ,cleａndiapers，ａndaｗａrｍｂassｉnet.D.Aｎewinfanｔ’ｓsｅnsesａreunｄeveloｐed.58.Whａｔｄoestheｓentence“Heisagluttonfornoｖｅlｔｙ”pｒoｂaｂlymean？Ａ.Ｔｈｅneｗboｒnisgreedyｆorneｗfｏoｄ.B.Theｎewbｏrnteｎdsｔooveｒeａｔ．C.Thenewbornalｗａysloｖestｈinｇｓthａtaｒｅｎｅwtoｈiｍ．D．Ｔhｅｎｅwboｒn’sappｅｔiｔeisaｃonｓtaｎtｔoｐｉciｎnovｅlｓ.5９.Accordｉngｔothｅpａｓsａｇｅ,ｉt’ｓgrｏuｎdlessｔoｔhinkthatnewbｏrnsprefｅr_______＿．A．ahumanfaceｔoaｈead-sｈapedouｔlｉnｅB.aｎimatethingstoinanimａteｏｎesC．huｍａnvoicetｏnon-huｍaｎsoｕndｓD.nｏuriｓhmenttoawaｒｍbａｓｓiｎet６0.Ｗhatｉsthepａssagemaiｎｌydiscussｉｎgａbouｔ?Ａ.Whytheｆirsｔｍonthofliｆeiｓｔhemｏstsｉgｎiｆicａｎtfoｕrweeｋsinａliｆetiｍｅ．B.Howwｒoｎgparｅntsaｒｅwhentheｙhａndｌetheirbａbies.C.Ｈoｗmｕchｎewｂｏｒnshaveprｏｇｒeｓseｄiｎabｏｕtａdeｃade’stime.D.Ｗhaｔｐｅｏｐｌeｋnowaboutｎewｂorns.ＰasｓａgeFｉveＴheｉnteｒｖiｅwiｓanimpoｒｔａnteventｉnthejob-ｈuｎtｉngprｏcess，bｅcａｕsetｈe20or30mｉnutesｙouｓpｅndwiththeinteｒｖiｅｗermaydetｅｒｍinｅwｈetｈerorｎotｙougetthｅpａrtｉculaｒjobyｏuｗaｎt.Theｒeforｅ,ｉtiｓimportanttｏｒｅmemｂeｒtｈatｙouroｂjecｔiｖeduｒingtheinｔｅrviewｍaydiffeｒｆｒomtheobjectiveｏfthepｏtｅｎｔiaｌemｐloｙer.Ｙouwaｎtｔomａkｅyoursｅlfstandoｕtasａwholepｅrsonwhohasperｓonalstrｅnｇths,iｓｗｅｌlｑuａlifiｅd，aｎdsｈouｌdbecoｎsiderｅdtherightｐersonfoｒthejoｂ.Iｔｉsencouraｇingｔokｎｏwtｈattｈeｉntervｉew’staｓｋisnottoeｍbarｒasｓｙｏｕｏrtotripyoｕup,buttｏhiretheｒiｇhtperｓonｆorthejｏb．Reｍembｅr，jobhuｎtingisverｙcompｅtitivｅ.Anｙtｈingyoｕｃandotｏｅｎhancｅyourinteｒviewｔecｈniqueswillbetoyourａdvａｎtage.Thｅｆollowｉｎgsuggｅstｉonsｍayheｌpyouｌaｎdthｅｍoｓtｉmportａｎtｊｏb.Yourｇoalinｔhiｓinteｒvieｗistomakｅsｕｒｅyｏｕrgoodpointsgetａcroｓs.Ｔhｅinｔeｒｖiｅwerwon’ｔknｏｗtｈeｍunlｅssyoupoｉntthemout，sotrytodothiｓinaｆactｕａlａnｄｓiｎcｅrｅｍａｎner.Dｏnoｔmakeｓlｉｇhｔｉｎgrｅferencesｔofｏrmereｍｐloyersｏrprｏｆessoｒs.Iｆyouｈavebｅｅｎfiredfroｍａjoｂaｎdthｅintｅrviewerａｓｋsabｏutｉt,befrankinyouｒanswer．Ｓhｏwｔｈeintｅｒvｉｅｗｅrthaｔyｏuareinｔｅｒestedinｔhecompａnybyaｓｋiｎgrｅleｖａnｔquｅstｉoｎs．Askａbｏutｒesponｓiｂilｉties，worｋiｎgcoｎｄitions,promotioｎｏｐportuｎitiｅsandfrinｇebeｎefｉtsofthejoｂｙｏuareinterｖｉewｉnｇfor.Ｉfatsomepoｉnｔyoudecidetｈｅiｎｔｅrviewiｓｎｏtgoiｎgｗell,doｎotletyourdiｓcｏuｒagementshｏｗ.Ｙｏuhaveｎothingｔoｌosｅｂyconｔinuｉngａshｏwofcｏnｆｉｄeｎce，andyoｕmaｙhavemuchtogaiｎ.Itmaybereal，oｒitmaybｅatesｔtoseehowyｏureａcttoadversecondiｔiｏｎs.Someintervieweｒsｍaybｒｉnguｐｓalａryｅarｌｙintheｉntｅrvｉew.Aｔthiｓｔiｍe，ｙｏumayindicaｔeｔhaｔyouaｒemｏreinterestｅdinａjobｗhereｙｏucanproveyｏｕrseｌfｔhａnasｐeciｆicsalary.Thiｓpoｌiteｌｙpassｅsthequestionbaｃkｔotheinterｖｉewer.Ｉｆpossｉble,yoｕｓｈouldnegotiatｅforsalａryafterｙｏuhａveｂeenofferedaｊｏbａndｗhenyouaｒeｒeaｄｙtｏｃompleｔｅｔｈepaperwｏrk．61.Ｔoｇetthejobyｏuｗant,duｒinｇtheintervieｗyousｈｏｕld_＿＿____＿.A.avoiｄtｈeintｅrviewｅr’sqｕｅstioｎsｔhaｔarｅdesiｇnedtotｒipyｏｕｕpB.rememｂerthatyoｕaｒｅthｅbeｓｔｑuaｌifiｅdcａndiｄａｔeC.ｋeepinmiｎｄtｈatｉｔdｅteｒｍiｎeｓwhetｈｅrornｏtyougetｔhｅpartｉcularjobyｏuwaｎｔＤ．ｍakeyourｓｅlfstandoｕtaｓtｈerigｈtｐersonfortｈejob６2.Ifｙouｄiｄｎotgetaloｎgwｉthyourfoｒmereｍｐloｙer，you_＿__＿＿_．Ａ．shｏuｌdｔeｌltheiｎtervｉewｅrｆrankｌyB．shｏuｌdrefeｒｔohiminafａctualｍａnｎerC．ｓhouldnｏtｓpeaｋｉｌｌofhimＤ.ｓｈoｕldnevermeｎtionit6３.Whenyouｆindtheiｎteｒｖiewiｓnoｔgｏiｎgwｅllyｏushould_______＿.Ａ.ｂｒｉngittｏａnendassｏoｎaspossiｂleＢ．keepｕｐyｏurｃonｆidｅncｅC．teｌlyｏｕiｎterviｅｗｅrhowyourea