2019-2020学年高中英语Unit2Robots4SectionⅣGrammar知能演练轻松闯关新人教版选修7

PAGEPAGE8SectionⅣGrammareq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．Asisknowntoall,the2022WinterOlympicswill__be__held(hold)inBeijingandtownsintheneighboringHebeiProvince.2．InChina,thepracticeofpresentingthebestfoodfirsttotheseniormembersofthefamilyhas__been__observed(observe)forgenerations.3．Uptonow,alargenumberofnewhouseshave__been__built(build)inwhatusedtobeawasteland.4．Thedecisionto__be__made(make)attomorrow’smeetingwillaffectalotofpeople.5．Hisbookissaidto__have__been__translated(translate)intomorethan30languagessinceitwas__published(publish)inthe1940s.6．Yourpencilcaseisnowhereto__be__found(find),andIwillbuyanewoneforyouthisweekend.7．Thefireisreportedto__have__been__caused(cause)byacigaretteend,whichwasthrownbyonetourist.8．Thebestandmostbeautifulthingintheworldcannotbe__seen(see)oreventouchedforitmustbe__felt(feel)．9．Itisagreathonorformeto__be__asked(ask)tospeakatthemeetingonbehalfofthewholeclass.10．Thekidswere__allowed(allow)togoswimmingintheriver,whichmadethemveryhappy.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解Weliveinagoldenageofmisinformation.OnTwitter,falsenewsspreadsfurtherandfasterthanthetruth.Intherun­uptothe2016USpresidentialelection,themostpopularfalsearticlesgotmoreFacebookshares,reactionsandcommentsthanthetoprealnews,accordingtoaBuzzFeedNewsanalysis.BeforetheInternet,“Youcouldnothaveapersonsittinginaroomandgeneratingconspiracy(阴谋)theoriesatamassscale，”saysLucadeAlfaro,acomputerscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia.Butwithtoday’ssocialmedia,sellingliesistooeasy—whetherthoseliescomefromacompanylikeDisinfomedia,whichhasownedseveralfalsenewswebsites,oracrowdofteenagersinMacedoniawhogothugesumsofmoneybywritingpopularfalsenews.MostInternetusersprobablyaren’tintentionallybroadcastingnonsense.InformationoverloadandtheWebsurfers’limitedattentionspanaren’texactlygoodatfact­checkinginspection.Confirmationbias(偏见)feedsinaswell.“Whenthey’redealingwithunfilteredinformation,it’slikelythatpeoplewillchoosesomethingthatmeetswiththeirownthinking,evenifthatinformationisfalse，”saysFabianaZollo,acomputerscientistinItalywhostudieshowinformationcirculatesonsocialnetworks.Intentionalornot,sharingmisinformationcanhaveseriousconsequences.Falsenewsdoesn’tjustthreatentheequityofelectionsandwearawaypublictrustinrealnews.Itthreatenslives.Rumors(谣言)thatspreadonWhatsApp,asmartphonemessagingsystem,forinstance,ledtomurdercasesinIndiathatleftmorethanadozenpeopledead.Tohelpsortfalsenewsfromtruth,programmersarebuildingautomatedsystemsthatjudgethetruthofonlinestories.Acomputerprogrammightconsidercertaincharacteristicsofanarticleorthereceptionanarticlegetsonsocialmedia.Computersthatrecognizecertainwarningsignscouldwarnhumanfact­checkers,whowoulddothefinalcheck.“Automaticlie­findingtoolsarestillintheirbabyhood，”sayscomputerscientistGiovanniLucaCiampagliaofIndianaUniversityBloomington.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。如今，我们处在一个假新闻充斥网络的时代，本文就假新闻的影响及如何抵御进行了讨论。1．Whatcanbelearnedfromthesecondparagraph?A．Falsenewsissometimesmorepopularthantherealnews.B．Teenagersarethemainforceforspreadingfakemessages.C．TheopennessoftheInternetprovidessoilforfalsenews.D．Socialmediacontributestothelossofpeople’ssocialvalues.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的BeforetheInternet...sellingliesistooeasy可知，在过去，大规模的传播假消息是很难的，而如今，网络的发展使其变得十分容易。由此可推断，第二段想告诉我们的是网络为假消息提供了生存的土壤。2．Whatbestexplainstheunderlinedword“unfiltered”inparagraph3?A．Unknown. B．Original.C．False. D．Boring.B解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，网络消息的关注度并不能证明它的真实性，因为人们在阅读那些未过滤的信息时，容易根据自己的喜好去选择，即使那是错误的消息。由此推断，画线词意为“未过滤的，原始的”。3．Paragraph4ismainlyabout________．A．thedrawbacksofsocialmediaB．thenegativeeffectsofmisinformationC．thedisorderedInternetmarketofIndiaD．therelationshipbetweenlawsandrumorsB解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要想告诉我们虚假消息的不利影响。4．Whatdoweknowabouttheautomaticlie­findingtools?A．Theyhavebeenfullydevelopedinthecomputerprogram.B．Theyremindhumanfact­checkersofsomewarningsigns.C．Theyareprovedtobegoodattellingfalsenewsfromthetruth.D．Theymakeupamachine­controlledsystemthatcandothefinalcheck.B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Computersthatrecognizecertainwarningsignscouldwarnhumanfact­checkers,whowoulddothefinalcheck.可知，这个自动识别系统可以帮助人工排查人员分辨网络信息。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空IcamefrommyhomeinItalybyovernighttraintoViennatostartthesecondpartofmyyearabroadasanEnglishlanguageassistant.IwenttosleepinItalyand__1__inAustria,toasnow­coveredcountrysidethatlookedlikesomethingoutofatourguide.Althoughthis__2__scenemademeexcited,Isoon__3__thatadjustingtotheAustrianworldwasgoingtobe__4__．Thefirstthingwasthe__5__.IhadtoswitchfromtalkingandthinkinginItaliantoGerman__6__.Ifoundmyselfstumblingover(结结巴巴地说)wordsandreallystrugglingto__7__whenpeoplespoketome,especiallyinAustrianGermanwhichnotonlysoundsdifferentfromtheGermanIlearnedatschoolbutalsousesdifferentwords!SoI’vehadlotsof__8__momentsinthesupermarketandfeltratherembarrassedwhenIusedthe__9__word.Therearealsolotsofother__10__things.Onebigdifferenceisthe__11__.Italyisfamousforitsvariedpasta(意大利面食)dishesanddeliciouspizzas!ButinAustriathe__12__foodseemstobemeat.Italsoseemsthatthereisn’ttimefora__13__，relaxedlunch.InItalyIhadanhour’slunchbreakfrommyofficejob,butwhenI’m__14__intheschoolsinViennatherearejust10or15minutesbetweenlessons,whichisonly__15__foraquicksandwich.Idon’tthinktheseare__16__things,butitwilljusttaketimetogetusedtothem.However,therearesomethingsIhaveimmediately__17__，liketheveryefficientpublictransport—it’s__18__togetaroundandit’salwaysontime!Ialso__19__thecoffeehousecultureherewhereyoucangotoacaféandjustsitforhours,chattingand__20__withfriendsandacakeortwo.Infact,IreallylovethecountryandIthinkIwillenjoymystayhere.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在异国他乡遇到的问题，但是作者仍然希望通过努力能够快乐地生活在这里。1．A.stayedup B．dressedupC．warmedup D．wokeupD解析：根据上文的IcamefrommyhomeinItalybyovernighttraintoVienna及IwenttosleepinItaly...Austria可知，作者睡着的时候还在意大利，但醒来(wokeup)时已身在奥地利。2．A.familiar B．touchingC．beautiful D．funnyC解析：根据上文的asnow­coveredcountrysidethatlookedlikesomethingoutofatourguide可知，这里的景色很美(beautiful)。3．A.realized B．guessedC．admitted D．rememberedA解析：根据下文中对作者在奥地利遇到的问题的描述可知，作者很快就意识到(realized)适应奥地利的生活是比较难的(hard)。4．A.hard B．boringC．meaningful D．interestingA5．A.habit B．languageC．attitude D．customB解析：根据本段中的IhadtoswitchfromtalkingandthinkinginItaliantoGerman可知，首先是语言(language)方面的问题。作者的所说所想都要立刻(immediately)从意大利语切换成德语。6．A.patiently B．finallyC．secretly D．immediatelyD7．A.think B．understandC．learn D．explainB解析：根据上文的Ifoundmyselfstumblingover(结结巴巴地说)words...spoketome可知，当别人跟作者说话的时候，作者理解(understand)起来很吃力。8．A.brief B．anxiousC．awkward D．terrifyingC解析：根据本段中的especiallyinAustrianGerman...usesdifferentwords及feltratherembarrassed可知，作者在超市里经历过很多尴尬的(awkward)时刻，在使用了错误的(wrong)词语后会感到非常尴尬。9．A.key B．wrongC．foreign D．hurtfulB10．A.different B．basicC．wonderful D．sillyA解析：根据下文中对意大利和奥地利食物的对比及Onebigdifference可知，在这里生活还有很多其他不一样的(different)地方，其中一项就是食物(food)。11．A.restaurant B．billC．menu D．foodD12．A.delicious B．mainC．cheap D．fastB解析：根据上文的Italyisfamousforitsvariedpasta(意大利面食)dishesanddeliciouspizzas！可知，奥地利的主要(main)食物就是肉类。13．A.late B．lightC．long D．hotC解析：根据上文的startthesecondpartofmyyearabroadasanEnglishlanguageassistant及InItalyIhadanhour’slunchbreakfrommyofficejob,but...10or15minutesbetweenlessons可知，在维也纳，人们没有很长的(long)时间来享受一顿轻松的午餐。当作者在学校工作(working)时，每节课之间只有10到15分钟的休息时间，仅仅够(enough)吃一个三明治。14．A.struggling B．studyingC．sitting D．workingD15．A.proper B．enoughC．convenient D．readyB16．A.bad B．smallC．risky D．importantA解析：根据空后的butitwilljusttaketimetogetusedtothem可知，作者并不觉得这些不同是坏(bad)事，只是需要时间去适应。17．A.gottentiredof B．gottenclosetoC．gottenusedto D．gotteninterestedinC解析：根据本段的liketheveryefficientpublictransport可知，作者在奥地利还是很快适应了(gottenusedto)一些事，比如高效便捷的公共交通——到处走动很容易(easy)而且通常很准时。18．A.safe B．necessaryC．easy D．possibleC19．A.feel B．shareC．keep D．enjoyD解析：根据本句的chattingand...friendsandacakeortwo可知，作者也很喜欢(enjoy)这里的咖啡屋文化，人们可以一连坐在咖啡厅里几个小时，和朋友聊天或者吃些点心放松(relaxing)身心。20．A.relaxing B．dreamingC．comparing D．competingAeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)语法填空Scientistsfoundthatairpollutionmayberesponsible1.____________abigreductionin2.____________(intelligent).Researchshowedthatairpollutionledtobigfallsintest3.____________(score)forlanguagesandmathematics.Thestudycalled“Theinfluenceofairpollutiononcognitive(认知的)performance”4.____________(conduct)overfouryearsago.Researchersanalyzedspeakingandmathematicstests5.____________(take)by20，000peopleofallages.Theysaid,“Pollutedairmaydoharmtocognitiveabilityaspeoplebecomeolder.”Thestudyisawarningtotherestoftheworld,6.____________(particular)thoseincities.Over91percentoftheworldpopulationliveinareaswithpollutedair,7.____________isthefourthbigges