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2023年下半年人事部英语笔译三级考试真题(2023年11月13日)来源:互联网

【考试大:中国最给力的教育考试网站】

2023年11月14日Section1English-ChineseTranslation(50points)ﻫTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Thismonth,theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammadewaterandsanitationthecenterpieceofitsflagshippublication,theHumanDevelopmentReport.ﻫClaimsofa"waterapartheid,"wherepoorpeoplepaymoreforwaterthantherich,areboundtoattractattention.Butwhataretheeconomicsbehindtheproblem,andhowcanitbefixed?Incountriesthathavetroubledeliveringcleanwatertotheirpeople,alackofinfrastructureisoftentheculprit.Peopleinareasthatarenotservedbypublicutilitieshavetorelyoncostlierwaysofgettingwater,suchasitinerantwatertrucksandtrekstowells.Paradoxically,asthewatersourcesgetcostlier,thewateritselftendstobemoredangerous.Waterpipedbyutilities-totherichandthepooralike-isusuallycleanerthanwatertruckedinorcollectedfromanoutdoortank.ﻫTheproblemexistsnotonlyinruralareasbuteveninbigcitieslikeManilaandJakarta,saidHakanBjorkman,programdirectoroftheUNagencyinThailand.Further,subsidiesmadetolocalwatersystemsoftenendupbenefitingpeopleotherthanthepoor,headded.

Theagencyproposesathree-stepsolution.First,makeaccessto20liters,or5gallons,ofcleanwateradayahumanright.Next,makelocalgovernmentsaccountablefordeliveringthisservice.Last,investininfrastructuretolinkpeopletowatermains.Thereportsaysgovernments,especiallyindevelopingcountries,shouldspendatleast1percentofgrossdomesticproductonwaterandsanitation.Italsorecommendsthatforeignaidbemoredirectedtowardtheseproblems.Clearly,thisapproachreliesheavilyongovernmentintervention,somethingBjorkmanreadilyacknowledged.Buttherearesomemarket-basedapproachesaswell.

Byofferingcut-rateconnectionstopoorpeopletothewatermainline,theprivatewaterutilityinAbidjan,IvoryCoast,hassteadilyincreasedaccesstocleanwater,accordingtotheagency’sreport.Asubsidymaynotevenbenecessary,despitetheagency’sproposals,ifacountrycanharnesstheeconomicbenefitsofprovidingcleanwater.ﻫPeoplewhoreceivecleanwateraremuchlesslikelytodiefromwater-bornediseases-acommonmaladyinthedevelopingworld-andmuchmorelikelytoenjoylong,productive,taxpayinglivesthatcanbenefittheirhostcountries.Soifagovernmentistryingtoraisefinancingtoinvestinnewinfrastructure,itmightfindreceptiveearsinprivatecreditmarkets-aslongasitcanharnessthereturn.Similarly,privatecompaniesmaycalculatethatitisworthbringingcleanwatertoanareaifitsresidentsarewillingtopaybacktheinvestmentovermanyyears.ﻫInthemeantime,somelocalsolutionsarebeingfound.InThailand,Bjorkmansaid,somesmallcommunitiesaretakingchallengeslikewateraccessuponthemselves."Peopleorganizethemselvesingroupstoleveragewhatlittleresourcestheyhavetohelptheircommunities,"hesaid."That’sespeciallytrueoutintheruralareas.Theyinvesttheirmoneyinrevolvingfundsandsavingschemes,andtheyinvestthemselvestoimprovetheirvillages."Itisnotalwayseasytotakethesesolutionsandreplicatetheminothercountries,though.Assemblingabroadmenuofdifferentapproachescanbethefirststepinfindingtherightsolutionforagivenregionorcountry.ﻫSection2Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

即使碰到丰收年景,对中国来说,要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。ﻫ中国政府面临许多挑战,最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。过去几年中,平均每年有66.7万公顷耕地被城市扩建、工业发展以及公路建设工程占用,另有1万平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。ﻫ中国北方地区地下水位下降,农民不得不改种耐旱、地产作物,甚至撂荒。同时,农业基础设施损耗严重,三分之二的灌溉设施需要整修。ﻫ由于农民为增长收入而改种经济作物,农业生产方式正在转变。过去十几年,全国水果和蔬菜种植面积平均每年增长130万公顷。因此,水稻、玉米及小麦产量急剧下降。中国已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。

中国政府把农业改革视为头等大事,投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及改善农田灌溉基础设施。近年来,农产品的价格稳步上升,中国政府采用此项措施以提高农民种粮的积极性。2023年5月CATTI二级笔译综合实务试题及答案来源:互联网

【要想考试都不怕,只有常来考试大!】

2023年6月7日2023年CATTI二级笔译综合能力完型填空真题和答案

Bargainshoppersneedtorememberthatbuyingahigh-endluxuryitemonalittle-knownwebsiteisjustasriskyaspurchasingoneonastreetcorner.TheInternetisfullof

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Ifyou’relookingforaRolexwatch,LouisVuittonwalletorapairofLouboutins,you’rebestoffpatronizingthebrand’sstore,whichoftenmeanspayingfullpricefortheitem.ﻫIt’snotonlycounterfeitgoodsthatyouneedtobeonthelookoutforwhenbuyinggifts.AccordingtotheU.S.SecretService,counterfeitmoneyincreasesﻫincirculationduringtheholidayseasonas“counterfeiterspreyonbothcashiersdistractedbylonglines,andconsumersjugglingpurchasesandshoppinglists.”‘Tistheseasonforgiving,whichmeansit’salsotheperfecttimeforphonynonprofitstocoerceconsumersoutoftheirhard-earnedcash.Toavoidfallingpreytotheirtricks,visittheWiseGivingAlliancewebsitebeforeopeningupyourwalletthisholidayseason.Thewebsitelistsallthenationallyrecognized

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dealsﻫadvertisedviasocialmediaoutlets,asscammersarejustassavvyatimitatingaretailers’fanpageasﻫtheyareatmimickingwebsites.McAfeeLabswhichspecializesinvirusprotection,ﻫcitesaNovemberFacebookscamthatoffereda“free$1,000BestBuygiftcard”tothefirst20,000peoplewhosigneduponabogusBestBuyfanpage.Thescamurgedconsumerstoprovidepersonalinformationastheytookaseriesofquizzes.ﻫMalwaretweetsandpostsareevenmoreprevalentthanfanpageruses.Youmightrememberthisscam,whichusedthelureofafreeiPadtogetuserstosignupforapremiumcellphoneservicethatcost$10aweekviabothFacebookandTwitter.2023年5月CATTI二级笔译翻译实务英译中HYPERLINK""

Passage1ﻫFarmsgooutofbusinessformanyreasons,butfewfarmsdomerelybecausethesoilhasfailed.Thatisthemiracleoffarming.Ifyoucareforthesoil,itwilllast—andyield—nearlyforever.Americaissuchayoungcountrythatwehavebarelytestedthat.Formostofourhistory,therehasbeennewlandtofarm,andwestillfarmasthoughtherealwayswillbe.

导致农场破产的因素有很多种,但是少数农场的破产仅仅是由于土地退化的因素所导致的,这算是农业上的奇迹。假如你可以照料好土地,那么它就几乎可以永远地产出。美国是这样一个年轻的国度,以至于我们几乎无法进行验证。由于在我们大部分历史中,总会有新的土地被开垦成农场,我们不断地耕作,仿佛资源取之不尽。ﻫStill,therearesomeveryoldfarmsoutthere.TheoldestistheTuttlefarm,nearDover,N.H.,whichisalsooneoftheoldestbusinessenterprisesinAmerica.Itmadethenewslastweekbecauseitsowner—alinealdescendantofJohnTuttle,theoriginalsettler—hasdecidedtogooutofbusiness.Itwasfoundedin1632.Ihearitssweetcornislegendary.

然而,还是有一些上了岁数的农场破产了。其中历史最有悠久的莫过于“塔特尔农场”——它位于美国新罕布什尔州多佛市附近,也是美国历史最悠久的商业公司之一。最近,它的所有人——即农场创始人约翰.塔特尔的直系继承人——宣告破产,从而再次成为新闻。塔特尔农场始建于1632年。我听说它出产的甜玉米是个传奇。

Theyear1632isunimaginablydistant.In1632,Galileowasstillpublishing,andJohnLockewasborn.Therewereperhaps10,000colonistsinallofAmerica,onlyafewhundredoftheminNewHampshire.TheTuttleacres,then,wouldhaveseemedalmostassurroundedastheydoin2023,butbyforestinsteadofhighwaysandhouses.ﻫ1632年,一个遥远得令人无法想象的岁月。1632年,伽利略还在出版他的著作,约翰.洛克(著名的英国哲学家)才刚刚出生。在整片美国土地上大约有1万个殖民者,而在新罕布什尔州只有区区几百人。那时的塔特尔耕地也许与2023年同样被团团包围着,只但是大片森林为高度公路和房子所代替。ﻫItwasaprecariousoperationatthestart—asallfarmingwasinthenewcolonies—anditbecameprecariousenoughagaininthesepastfewyearstopeteroutatlast.Thelandisprotectedbyaconservationeasementsoitcan’tbedeveloped,butnooneknowswhetherthenextownerwillfarmit.ﻫ就像所有新的殖民地上的农业同样,一开始塔特尔的经营也非常不稳定。在过去数年中,这样的不稳定状况旧病复发,最终导致农场一步步滑向破产的深渊。受到资源保护的限制(译者注:easement是地役权),不能对土地进行开发。但是没有人知道农场的下一位主人是否会继续耕作。

InaletterontheirWebsite,theTuttlescite“exhaustionofresources”asthereasontosellthefarm.Theexhaustedresourcestheylistincludebodies,minds,hearts,imagination,equipment,machineryandfinances.Theydonotmentionsoil,whichhasbeenrenewedandredeemedrepeatedly.It’sasthoughtheparishionersoftheFirstParishChurchinnearbyDover—erectednearly200yearslater,in1829—hadrebuiltthestructureonthesamespoteveryfewyears.ﻫ在“塔特尔农场”的网站上,塔特尔家族在一封致公众信中将“资源枯竭”作为出售农场的因素。他们所列举的枯竭资源涉及:人力、脑力、想象力、设备、机器和资金,却压根没提被多次翻新并帮助他们树立威信的土地。这就仿佛多佛市附近、始建于1829年的FirstParishChurch的教区居民每过几年就在同一个地方重建教堂同样。ﻫItistoosimpletosay,astheTuttleshave,thattherecessionkilledafarmthathadsurvivedfornearly400years.Whatkilleditwastheeconomicstructureoffoodproduction.Eachyearithasbecomeharderforfamilyfarmstocompetewithindustrialscaleagriculture—heavilysubsidizedbythegovernment—undersellingthemateveryturn.Inasystemcommittedtothehealthoffarmsandtheirintegrationwithlocalcommunities,theresultwouldhavebeendifferent.In1632,andformanyyearsafter,theTuttlefarmwasanecessity.In2023,itissuddenlysuperfluous,orsoweliketopretend.ﻫ塔特尔家族的人将有着近400历史的农场的破产归咎于土地退化,这理由未免太过简朴。使其破产的真正因素其实是食品生产的经济结构。每一年,家庭农场都要跟工业规模化的农业公司进行竞争,日子越来越煎熬。这些公司享受政府大力补贴扶持,以各种渠道以低价出售粮食。在一个致力于农场健康并促进农场与本地社区融合一体的体系里,结果本不该如此。在1632年以及之后的许数年,塔特尔农场不可或缺。然而到了2023年,它忽然成了多余的东西,或者说被我们看作是一个累赘。Passage2ﻫYouthunemploymentacrosstheworldhasclimbedtoanewhighandislikelytoclimbfurtherthisyear,aUnitedNationsagencysaidThursday,whilewarningofa“lostgeneration”asmoreyoungpeoplegiveupthesearchforwork.ﻫ联合国一组织周二称,全球年轻人失业率再创新高,并且这种趋势将在今年继续延续下去。他们警告说,越来越多的年轻人放弃寻找工作,将导致失迷一代数量激增。

Theagency,theInternationalLaborOrganization,saidinareportthatofsome620millionyoungpeopleages15to24intheworkforce,about81millionwereunemployedattheendof2023—thehighestlevelintwodecadesofrecord-keepingbytheorganization,whichisbasedinGeneva.

国际劳工组织在其报告中称,全球15岁到24岁之间的6.2亿年轻工人中,2023年末大约有8100万人失业,这是总部位于日内瓦的劳工组织2023以来的最高纪录。

Theyouthunemploymentrateincreasedto13percentin2023from11.9percentinthelastassessmentin2023.ﻫ年轻人失业率从2023年的11.9%增长到2023年的13%。ﻫ“There’sneverbeenanincreaseofthismagnitude—bothintermsoftherateandthelevel—sincewe’vebeentrackingthedata,”saidStevenKapsos,aneconomistwiththeorganization.Theagencyforecastthattheglobalyouthunemploymentratewouldcontinuetoincreasethrough2023,to13.1percent,astheeffectsoftheeconomicdownturncontinue.Itshouldthendeclineto12.7percentin2023.ﻫ国际劳工组织经济学家史蒂文·凯普索斯说:“自从我们开始追踪年轻人失业数据以来,从未见过数量如此之大、比例如此之高的失业现象。”该机构预测,在全球经济连续低迷的影响下,年轻人2023年下半年失业率将继续上升,最后也许达成13.1%。但是到2023年,这一比例应当可以降到12.7%以下。ﻫTheagency’s2023reportfoundthatunemploymenthashityoungpeopleharderthanadultsduringthefinancialcrisis,fromwhichmosteconomiesareonlyjustemerging,andthatrecoveryofthejobmarketforyoungmenandwomenwilllagbehindthatofadults.Theimpactofthecrisisalsohasbeenfeltinshorterhoursandreducedwagesforthosewhomaintainsalariedemployment.ﻫ国际劳工组织2023年的报告还发现,金融危机期间,年轻人失业率比成年工人失业情况更严重,就业市场的恢复也比成年工人慢。并且受经济危机影响,侥幸保住“饭碗”的年轻人,工作时间更短、工资更少。ﻫInsomeespeciallystrainedEuropeancountries,includingSpainandBritain,manyyoungpeoplehavebecomediscouragedandgivenupthejobhunt,itsaid.Thetrendwillhave“significantconsequencesforyoungpeople,”asmoreandmorejointheranksofthealreadyunemployed,itsaid.Thathasthepotentialtocreatea“‘lostgeneration’comprisedofyoungpeoplewhohavedroppedoutofthelabormarket,havinglostallhopeofbeingabletoworkforadecentliving.”ﻫ在情况特别严峻的欧洲国家,比如西班牙和英国,许数年轻人已经对寻找工作气馁,甚至放弃了找工作。这种趋势将对年轻人导致严重影响,也许越来越多的年轻人加入到失业者行列。这些退出劳动市场、对寻找工作过上体面生活失去希望的年轻人,将成为新的迷失一代。

Thereportsaidthatyoungpeopleindevelopingeconomiesaremorevulnerabletoprecariousemploymentandpoverty.

报告称,发展中国家的年轻人更容易受到失业影响,重新变得贫困。

About152millionyoungpeople,oraquarterofalltheyoungworkersintheworld,areemployedbutremaininextremepovertyinhouseholdssurvivingonlessthan$1.25apersonadayin2023,thereportsaid.

报告称,2023年,大约1.52亿年轻人(全球年轻工人四分之一)找到工作,但是他们仍然十分贫困,每个家庭每人天天的生活花费不到1.25美元。ﻫ“Thenumberofyoungpeoplestuckinworkingpovertygrows,andthecycleofworkingpovertypersists,”theagency’sdirector-general,JuanSomavia,said.ﻫ国际劳工组织总干事索马维亚说:“挣扎于工作贫困中的年轻人数量正在增长,工作贫困的循环也在继续。”

Youngwomenstillhavemoredifficultythanyoungmeninfindingwork,thereportadded.Thefemaleyouthunemploymentratein2023stoodat13.2percent,comparedwiththemalerateof12.9percent.Thegapof0.3percentagepointwasthesameasin2023.ﻫ在找工作方面,年轻女性碰到的困难的男性更多。2023年年轻女性失业率已经高达13.2%,同期男性失业率为12.9%。2023年,年轻男女失业率差异也在0.3%左右。ﻫThereportstudiedtheGerman,British,SpanishandEstonianlabormarketsandfoundthatGermanyhadbeenmostsuccessfulinbringingdownlong-termyouthunemployment.InSpainandBritain,increasesinunemploymentwereparticularlypronouncedforthosewithlowereducationlevels.ﻫ报告研究了德国、英国、西班牙以及爱沙尼亚等国的劳动市场,发现德国在解决年轻人长期失业方面最成功。西班牙和英国,那些受教育限度低的年轻人失业率增长明显。

DatafromEurostat,theEuropeanUnion’sstatisticalagency,showSpainhadajoblessrateof40.5percentinMayforpeopleunder25.Thatwasthehighestlevelamongthe27membersoftheEuropeanUnion,fargreaterthanthe9.4percentinGermanyinMayand19.7percentinBritaininMarch.

来自欧盟记录局的数据显示,5月份,西班牙25岁以下人口失业率已经达成40.5%,这是欧盟27个成员国中比例最高的。德国5月恩的失业率为9.4%,英国3月失业率为19.7%。2023年5月CATTI二级笔译翻译实务中译英ﻫPassage1ﻫ60年来特别是改革开放30年来,中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就,经济实力和综合国力显著增强,各项社会事业全面进步,人民生活从温饱局限性发展到总体小康,中国社会迸发出前所未有的活力和发明力。

Chinahasachievedremarkableprogressinthose60years,particularlyinthelast30yearssincereformandopening-up.China’seconomyandcomprehensivenationalstrengthhavegrownsignificantlyandvarioussocialprogramshavemadebigstrides.TheChinesepeople,oncelackingbasiclivingnecessities,arenowleadingamoderatelyprosperouslife,andt

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