2023年12月英语四级真题第一套含听力原文及答案

2023年１２月英语四级真题第一套(含听力原文及答案)ＰａｒtIＷriting（30ｍinｕtｅs)Ｄｉrectioｎｓ：Foｒｔhispaｒt,yoｕaｒeａllowed３0mｉnｕtestowriteａｌettｅrtoａforeignfｒｉｅndwhowantsｔｏteａcｈＥnglｉshinCｈｉｎa.Pleasｅreｃomｍeｎdaｃｉtytohim.Yｏushouldwriteａｔｌｅast１２0worｄsbutnomoｒetｈａn180words.PａrtⅡListｅningComｐrehｅnｓｉon(2５miｎｕtｅｓ）ＳeｃtiｏnＡDｉrectｉons:Inｔｈiｓsectｉon,yｏｕｗillhｅartｈｒeｅｎewsreports.Attheｅndoｆeachｎeｗsrｅｐort，ｙouwillhearｔwooｒｔhｒeｅquesｔｉｏns．Ｂotｈtｈeneｗsrｅpoｒtandｔｈenquｅstionｓwilｌbｅspokeｎonlyoｎcｅ．Ａfteｒyoｕheaｒaquｅstｉon,youmustchoosetｈeｂｅstａnswｅrｆromtｈefｏｕrchoicesｍarkｅdＡ),Ｂ)，C)andD).ThｅnmarｋthecoｒrespｏndｉｎｇｌeｔteronAnswerＳheｅt1withasｉngleｌinetｈrouｇhthecentrｅ.Qｕｅｓtiｏnsｌaｎｄ2arｅｂaｓｅdoｎthenewsrepｏrtyｏuｈaveｊｕsｔheaｒd．1．A)Ｍａｎyｆacilｉtiｅｓweredｅsｔroyedbyａｗanderingcow．B)Awandｅringcｏwknockeddｏwｎoneｏfitｓfｅnces.C）Sｏmetouristsｗｅｒeinjuｒｅｄbyawanderingcow.D)Ａｗaｎｄｅrinｇcoｗwascapｔurｅdbｙthepｏliｃe.２.A)Ｉtwaｓsｈotｔoｄeａtｈbyaｐｏlicｅoffｉcer．ﻩ ﻩＢ)Ｉtｆｏundｉtswａybackｔothepａrk’szｏo.C)Itbecameａｇreａtattrａｃtｉoｎfｏrtourｉsts. ﻩD)Iｔｗassentｔoｔhｅaｎｉｍａlｃｏntrｏｌdepａｒtment．Ｑｕｅsｔions３and4arebasedoｎｔｈenewsrepoｒｔyｏuhaｖejuｓｔｈeaｒd．３．A)Iｔistｈelargｅｓtofitsｋind.ﻩ ﻩ ﻩB)Itisgoｉngtｏbeexpanded．C)Itisdｉsplａｙingmorefｏｓsilspeciｍｅnｓ．ﻩ D)Itisstarｉngaｎｏnｌineexhibition.4.Ａ）ＡcollecｔionoｆｂiｒdｆｏssilsfromＡｕsｔraliａ.ﻩ B)Phoｔｏgｒapｈsofcｅｒtａinrａｒefｏsｓilexhｉbiｔｓ.Ｃ)SomeanｃiｅntwａllpaintinｇｓfromAustralia.ﻩﻩＤ)Picturｅsbywｉnnｅrsofａwｉldlifeｐhotocoｎtｅst.Questｉons5to７aｒeｂａsedonthenewsｒeporｔyoｕhａveｊustｈearｄ.5.A）Pickuptrash.ﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩ ﻩB）Amuｓｅvisｉｔoｒs.Ｃ)Delｉvermｅssaｇeｓ. ﻩ ﻩ D）Playｗithchｉｌｄreｎ.6.A)Theyaｒeesｐｅciallyintelｌigent. ﻩ ﻩＢ)Tｈｅyaｒｅchilｄrｅn’ｓfavorite.C)Thｅyarequitｅeａsyｔotaｍｅ. ﻩ D)Ｔheyareｃｌeaｎａnｄpｒｅｔty.7.A）Ｃhildrenmayｂehaｒmedbytｈerｏoks.ﻩ ﻩＢ)Chilｄｒeｎｍａybeｔemptｅdｔodｒopliｔter.C）Chｉｌdrenmaｙcｏnｔｒactbiｒddiseaｓｅs.ﻩ Ｄ)Ｃhｉldrｅnｍayoｖｅrｆｅedｔheroｏks.SeｃtｉoｎBDirｅctiｏns:Inthｉssection,youｗiｌｌhｅaｒtwoloｎgconｖｅrｓatioｎs．Ａｔtheeｎdofｅachｃonveｒｓaｔｉon,youwillｈeａrfouｒqｕestions．Boｔhtheconveｒsａｔｉｏnanｄｔｈｅｑｕesｔionswilｌbeｓｐｏkenoｎlｙｏnｃｅ．Ａｆteryoｕhｅａｒaquｅsｔioｎ，ｙouｍusｔchｏoｓetｈeｂestanswerfｒｏmthefoｕrchｏicｅｓmarkedA）,B）,C)aｎｄD).ThenmaｒkthecoｒreｓpondingleｔｔeronＡnswerSheｅt1wｉthaｓinglｅlｉｎethroughthｅceｎtｒe.Ｑuｅsｔｉons８to11ａrebａsedoｎthｅcｏnvｅrsationyouhａｖｅjｕsｔheard．８.A）ＩｔwillbeprｏdｕcｅdaｔＨａｒvarｄUｎｉversitｙ． Ｂ)Ｉtwillbehostedｂyｆfessorｓ.C）Iｔwｉlｌcoｖｅｒｄifｆeｒenｔareaｓｏfscience． ﻩD）Itwillfocuｓonｒecentsｃieｎtifiｃdiscｏｖeｒｉｅs.9．A）Ｉtwｉlｌｂｅmoｒｅfutuｒistic． ﻩﻩ B）Iｔwillｂｅmｏｒesｙｓtematｉc.C)Ｉｔwilｌｂｅmorｅｅｎｔertaininｇ. ﻩﻩﻩ D)Iｔｗilｌbeeasieｒtounderstand．10．Ａ）Peopleintereｓtｅdｉnscｉeｎce. ﻩﻩB)Ｙounｇstｅrｓeaｇerｔoexplore.C）Childrenintｈeirearlyteeｎｓ.ﻩﻩﻩ D)Ｓtudｅｎtsmajorｉngｉnscienｃe.１1．A）Ｏfｆerｐroｆeｓsionaladviｃe．ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩＢ)Proviｄeｆinanｃialsuｐport.Ｃ)HelｐpromｏｔeiｔonthｅＩnｔｅｒnet.ﻩﻩ ﻩD)Maｋeｅpisodesｆoriｔsfirｓｔseason.Ｑｕｅｓtｉons12ｔo15arebasedontheconｖｅｒsatｉonｙouhａvejuｓｔheａrd．12．A)Unsure. ﻩﻩB)Heｌpleｓs. ﻩﻩC)Conｃｅrnｅｄ．ﻩ ﻩﻩD)Disｓaｔｉsｆieｄ.13.A)Heｉstoocoｎcerneｄwｉｔｈｂeinｇpｅrfecｔ.ﻩﻩＢ）Ｈeloseｓｈeａｒtwheｎfacｅdwithsetbａcks．C）Heisｔｏoａmbitiousｉnaｃhieviｎggoals.ﻩﻩD)Hｅtａkesoｎprojectsbeyoｎdｈisability．14．A）Eｍbarｒａssｅd.ﻩﻩB)Ｕnconcerned.ﻩ C)Mｉserable. ﻩﻩD）Ｒeｓｅｎｔful.15.A)Trytｏbeoptｉmisticｗｈａteverｈappenｓ. ﻩB)Compａrehiｓprｅsenｔwiｔhhｉspasｔonｌy.C)Alwａysｌearnfromoｔｈerｓ’achieveｍeｎts.ﻩ D）Treａtothｅrsｔｈewayheｗｏｕｌdbetreatｅd.SectioｎCDiｒectioｎs:Ｉnthissection,yｏuwillhearthreeｐassageｓ．Attheeｎdofeａchｐassａge，youwiｌlhｅaｒtｈrｅeorｆourqｕｅｓtions.Boththｅpａssａgeaｎdtheｑuestｉonswiｌlｂeｓｐokｅnonlyｏｎｃe.Aftｅrｙouhearａquestion，ｙｏumｕstchｏｏｓetｈｅbestansｗeｒfrｏmthｅfourchoｉcｅsｍarkedA)，Ｂ),Ｃ）ａnｄD）.TheｎmａrkthecoｒrespｏndｉngletｔeronAnswerＳｈｅet1witｈasinglｅlinetｈroughtｈeｃentre.Qｕestions１６to1８arｅｂaｓedｏｎtｈepassagｅyouhavejｕsｔheａrd.16.A)Theｙｈavｅａstrongersｅｎｓｅｏｆsocｉaｌrｅsponsibility.B）Theyａrｅmoreｌikelｙtosuccｅedinthehumaｎｉｔｉes.C)Tｈeyａreｍorelikelｙtｏbecomeenｇiｎｅｅrs.D)Theyhavegreatｅrpｏtentiａlｔobｅlｅadeｒs.17.A)Ｐｒaisegiｒｌｓwｈolｉketoｓpeakupfreｑuｅntly.B)Encoｕrａgegｉrlstoｓolveproblｅmsonｔheirｏwn.C)Iｎsistthaｔｂoysａndgirlsworkｔoｇｅtｈermore.Ｄ）Rｅspoｎdmorｅpositivelｙｔoｂoｙs’ｃoｍmeｎts.１8.A)Offeｒperｓｏｎaｌizeｄｔeachｉｎgmaterialｓ. 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acrosｓtｈecｏｕｎｔryinthetwowｅeksthatUSＰSwasunａbletoｐrovideｓtｒeeｔdeliｖｅry.[G］Eｖerydａy,USPＳprocｅsses,onａvｅrage,493.4miｌlioｎpiecesｏｆmail—anythingfrｏmpostcardstoSocialSｅｃｕｒitｙcｈeckｓｔoｍｅdicｉne.SpokeｓpeｏｐlefrombｏtｈUSPSandUPStoldmｅａllmａilisimportaｎt.Butsomemａｉlcanbeextremｅlyｓensiｔiveaｎdtimely．ＡccordｉngtoｄatareleasediｎJanuarｙ２02３,5６pｅｒcenｔofｂｉｌlｓarepaidoｎline,whｉchmｅanstｈatｊuｓtunｄｅrhalｆofpaymenｔsｓtillｒｅｌｙonｄeｌivｅryserviｃestｏbeｃompletｅd.[H］IｔｃanｂehardtoideｎtiｆywhiｃhｐarcｅlsａrecarryingcrucialiteｍssuchasSocialＳecuritｙｃhecks，butUSＰSaｎｄＵPStｒythｅirｂｅsｔtoprｉoritｉzesensitiｖeｍateｒial.ＴheyｗilｌcooｒｄinaｔewｉｔhtｈeSｏcialSecurityAdministｒatiｏntomakesureｔhａtＳociａlSecuritycheｃksreachtｈｅrｉghtpｅoplｅｉnaｔimelyfaｓhioｎ.AｆtｅｒHｕrricａneFlorｅｎceandHuｒricａｎｅＭichaｅllaｓtｆall,UＳPSwｏrｋedｗiｔhstaｔeandlocalelectionboaｒdstomakesuｒeｔhatａｂsenteｅbalｌotswｅreavａilablｅａｎdｒeceｉｖedontime.[I]Mailｃomｐanｉｅsaｒelｏgｉsticscoｍpaｎiｅs，ｗhichpuｔsｔhｅminaspecｉａlpositｉｏntoheｌpwhendiｓaｓteｒstrｉkes.Ina２023USPScasｅｓtudｙ,thｅaｇeｎcｙｅmphasiｚｅditsｍasｓiｖeｉnｆｒastｒuctuｒeasa“unｉqueｆederalaｓset”tobecalleｄｕponinadｉｓａstｅrortｅrrｏriｓｔａttack．“Ithinｋwe’ｒeuｎiqｕeasafederalageｎcy,”ＵSPSofｆｉｃiａlＭikeＳwigarｔtoldme，“becaｕsewｅ’reinlitｅｒalｌｙeveryｃｏmｍｕnｉｔyｉnthｉscountｒy…We’rｅｏｂligatedtodelｉveｒｔoｔhaｔｐoｉntoｎadailybａsiｓ.”[J]Ｐrivatecouriercompanieｓ，ｗhichhavemoreｄoｌlarstospeｎd,usetheｉrｅxｐertiseinlogｉsｔicstohｅｌprｅvitａｌiｚedaｍagedareaｓafteradisasｔer.Forｍorｅthanadecａdｅ,FedExｈassｕｐportedtｈeＡmericanRedCrossiｎitsｅｆfoｒｔtogｅtemｅrｇeｎcysuppｌiesｔｏaｒeasａffecteｄbｙdｉsａsｔｅrｓ,ｂｏthdomesticalｌｙａｎdｉnｔｅrnａｔioｎally.Iｎ2023,tｈｅｃｏmｐａnｙdistrｉbｕtｅdｍoｒethaｎ1，200MｅdPaｃｋｓtoMedicalＲeseｒveＣoｒｐsgroupｓiｎCaliｆoｒnia,ａnddｏnａtedsｐacefor3.１millioｎpｏunｄｓofchaｒitablｅshippiｎggｌobally.ＬasｔOctobeｒ，tｈeｃompaｎypledgｅd$1miｌｌionincａshaｎdtrａnspｏｒtatｉｏnsｕｐpｏrtforHurricａnesFlorenceaｎｄMiｃhａｅｌ．UPS’ｓｃｈarｉｔablearm，ｔｈeUPSFｏｕndatｉon,ｕｓestheｃｏmpany’slogｉｓticstohelｐｄisaｓter-struｃkaｒeasrｅｂｕilｄ.“Wｅｒealiｚeｔhatａsacoｍpanywitｈｐeople，ｔｒucks,ｗarｅhousｅs,weneｅdeｄｔopｌayａlarｇｅrrole,”ｓaｉdEｄuａｒdoMartinez,thepreｓidenｔｏftheUPSFouｎdatｉon．Ｔheｃｏｍｐanyemployｓiｔstrｕｃｋsandpｌaｎestodeｌiverfｏod,mｅdicinｅ,andwａter.TheｄａyｂｅfｏreＩsｐｏketｏMartinｅzinNovｅｍbeｒ,ｈehaｄbeentouｒｉngthedaｍagｅfroｍHurriｃａneMichaｅlｉnＦloｒｉdawithｔheAmｅrｉcａnＲedＣross.“Weｈavｅａnoblｉgationｔomakesuｒeouｒｃommunitieｓareｔhrｉving，proｓperouｓ,”hｅsaid．[K］Rebuiｌdingｃaｎtakｅalongtimｅ,andeｖenthen，impressionｓｏfｔｈedisａｓterｍaystillremａin.Ｒeturｎingｔoasｅｎseofnoｒmalcycanbediｆｆiｃult,butsomesｍallroutiｎes—maｉlｄｅlivｅｒｙbeingoneofthem—ｍayhelpresiｄentsremeｍberthａttｈeｉｒcoｍmunｉtｉesaresｔillｔhｅmunｉtｉeｓ．“Whｅnｔheyseｅtｈatcarrｉｅｒbaｃkoｕtoｎｔhestreet,”Swｉｇａｒtｓａｉd,“ｔhat’sｔhefirｓtsigntｏthemｔhatlifｅisstaｒtinｇtｏreturntonormal.”３６.ＴｈｅUnitedStateｓＰｏｓtalSerｖiceｈasasystemtoensｕreiｔsemｐloｙees’safeｔy．37.OnｅoffｉcialsaysUSPSｉsｕnｉｑueintｈａtitｈasｍoredireｃｔrｅａchtｏcｏmｍunitieｓcomparｅdｗithotherfｅｄｅraｌａgeｎｃies38．Ｎaturaｌdiｓａsｔeｒｓcanhａvｅalonｇ-lastingimpacｔｏnｃｏmｍunityliｆe.39.Maｉlｄeｌｉveｒyｓerｖicei$stillｒespｏｎｓibleｆorthecomｐletiｏnｏfａlmosthalfofｐaymｅnts．40．Tｈesiｇhｔofamａilｍanonｔｈestreetisarｅassｕｒｉngsｉgnoｆlifebｅcｏｍｉnｇnoｒmａlａｇaiｎ.4１.ＡfterHｕrrｉcaneKatrｉnainｔerruptｅｄroutｉnｅdeｌiveｒｙ,ｔeｍｐorａｒｙmailsｅrvｉcepoinｔsｗｅresｅtup.42.PostａlｓerviｃeinsomｅreｇionsｉntheU.S.wassuspｅndeｄdueｔoextrｅmecoldweaｔｈｅr.４３．Privateposｔalｃompaｎieｓalｓosupｐortdisaｓterrｅliｅfｅffｏrｔｓbydiｓtributｉngurgentｓuppｌieｓ.44.AdeｄiｃaｔedUＳＰＳemploｙeeｗasoｎｔhejoｂcarｒyingｏutdutiesinspiｔｅｏfｅxtreｍｅｃonditｉｏｎs．45．Ｐosｔaｌｓerviｃeｓworkhaｒｄｔoｉdeｎtifyitemstｈatrequirepriｏritytreatｍent.SectｉoｎCＤirecｔions:Ｔhｅreaｒe２paｓsageｓｉｎtｈｉsseｃｔｉｏｎ.Ｅacｈｐａssａgeisfollｏwｅｄbysoｍeqｕeｓｔioｎsorｕnfiｎisｈedstateｍents.FｏreachｏftｈemｔhｅｒeaｒefourchoicｅsmａrｋｅdＡ),B）,C)ａndＤ）.YｏushｏulｄdecｉdeonｔｈebestchｏicｅandmarktｈecoｒｒespoｎdinｇlettｅｒonAｎswerＳｈeｅt２witｈasinｇｌelinetｈroｕgｈthｅcentre.ＰasｓａgeOneQｕｅsｔionｓ46ｔｏ5０arebaseｄｏnthefolｌoｗingpassaｇe.ProfｅｓsorＡshokGoelｏfGeoｒｇｉaTｅchdeｖelopedaｎartiｆiｃiａllyｉnｔelligeｎｔtｅaｃhinｇasｓistantｔohelpｈandｌｅｔheeｎoｒmousnumberｏfsｔudeｎｔqueｓtionsintheoｎｌineｃlass，KｎowledｇｅBａsｅｄAｒtificiaｌInｔelｌigence．ThisonlinecourｓeisａcorerequiremeｎtofGeｏrgiaTech’sｏnlineMaｓｔeｒofＳｃienceinCoｍpｕｔｅrScieｎceprogrａm.ProfesｓorGｏｅｌａｌreａdyhａd８teacｈingassｉstａnts,ｂｕtthatwasn’tenouｇｈtodeaｌｗiththｅoveｒwhelｍingnuｍberofqueｓtionｓfroｍstｕｄeｎｔs.Ｍanystudｅntsｄropoｕtｏｆｏnlinecourｓesbecauseoftｈelacｋoftｅachiｎgsupport.Whenstudｅｎｔsfｅeliｓolatｅdｏrｃoｎｆusedandｒeacｈｏuｔｗｉｔhqｕesｔiｏnｓｔｈatgounansｗeｒed,theｉrmotivatiｏｎtｏcontinｕebｅgiｎｓtｏfadｅ.ＰrｏｆｅsｓorGoｅlｄecｉdｅｄｔodosomethingｔoremｅdyｔhissituａtioｎanｄｈｉssｏｌutionwastocreaｔｅaviｒtuaｌassｉstaｎtnaｍedJiｌlWaｔson,wｈichisbaseｄontheIBMＷａtｓｏｎｐlatｆorm．GoｅlandｈｉsｔeamdeｖｅlopedｓevｅraｌversｉoｎｓofJillWatsonｂeforｅreleasinghertotheoｎｌｉneｆoruｍｓ.Ａtｆirsｔ,theｖiｒｔｕaｌaｓsｉｓtanｔwaｓn’ttｏoｇrｅat．ButGoelanｄhｉsteamsourｃｅｄｔｈeonlineｄiｓｃusｓiｏnforuｍtofiｎdalｌ4０,0０0questionｓｔhａthaｄeverbeｅnasｋeｄsｉncethecｌaｓswaslａｕnched.ThentheybegantoｆeedJilｌｔhｅqｕesｔioｎsａｎdanswers．Ａftersomeadjustmentandsｕｆficienｔtime,Jｉllwasａbletoaｎsｗerｔｈestｕdents’queｓｔiｏｎscorrｅcｔly97%ｏftheｔｉme.Theｖirtｕaｌassiｓｔaｎtbｅcamesoadvancedanｄreａlｉstictｈattheｓtudentsdidn’ｔknｏwｓhewasaｃoｍｐuter.Thesｔudentｓ,ｗhoweｒestuｄyiｎgarｔiｆｉciaｌintellｉｇeｎce，werｅｉnteｒacｔingwitharｔifiｃiａｌiｎteｌｌiｇenceanｄｃｏuldn’ttellitapａｒｔfrｏｍａrealｈｕmanbeinｇ.Goeldiｄn’tinformtｈｅmaboutＪilｌ’strueｉｄentityuntilAｐriｌ２6.Ｔheｓtudeｎtsｗeｒｅaｃtｕａllyｖeｒｙpositivｅaｂouttheexperience.ThegoalｏfＰrofｅssorGoel’svirｔuaｌａｓsｉstanｔnｅxｔyearisｔoｔａkeoveｒanｓwerｉnｇ4０%ofａｌlquestionspｏｓedbystｕｄentｓoｎtheonlinｅfｏｒum.Thename,JillＷatsoｎ,ｗｉlloｆcourse,changetｏsｏmethingeｌsｅnextsemeｓter.ProfessorGoelhasamuchroｓieroutlookonthefutｕreofAIthansａｙ,ElｏnＭusｋ,ＳtephｅｎHawkinｇ,BｉlｌＧaｔeｓorＳteveWoznｉak.46.ＷｈａｔｄoｗelｅarｎaｂｏutＫnｏwlｅdｇe-BasedＡrtiｆiciａｌIｎtelligｅnce?A）Itisａｒobottｈatcaｎaｎswersｔudents’questions．B)Ｉtｉｓaｃourｓedｅsignｅdforｓtudentｓtolearnonline.Ｃ)Ｉtisａhｉgh－techｄeｖicethatreｖolutioniｚesteａｃhing.D)Itｉsａcoｍputerpｒogrａｍtｈataｉdｓstudenｔｌearning．４7．WhaｔprｏblｅmdiｄＰrofeｓsorGoelｍeｅtwiｔh?A)Hisｓtｕdentswereunsａｔiｓfiｅdwiｔhtheassistａnts.B)Hｉscoursewaｓtooｄiffｉculｔｆｏrtheｓtudents．C)Students’questｉonｓwereｔoomanytohaｎdle.D)Ｔoｏmａnyｓtudeｎｔsｄｒｏppｅｄoutｏｆｈｉscｏurｓｅ.48．WhatdowｅlearnabouｔJillWatson?A)Sheｔurneｄoutｔｏｂeagrｅatｓuccｅｓs. ﻩ Ｂ)Shegoｔalongpｒettywellwithstudeｎts.C）Shewａsunwelcometostuｄｅｎtsatfｉｒｓt.ﻩ D）Ｓhewａｓrｅｌｅａｓeｄonliｎｅaｓanexｐeriｍｅnt．49.HｏｗｄiｄthestuｄentｓfeelaboutJｉllWatｓon?Ａ）Theythoｕgｈｔshewasabｉtｔｏoartifｉcｉal. B）Theyfoｕndherｎotascaｐablｅasexpectｅｄ.Ｃ)Ｔhｅｙｃouldnｏｔbutadｍiｒｅhｅｒknowledge. D）Theycouldｎottｅllherfroｍarealpｅrｓon．50．WｈatdｏesPｒｏfesｓorＧoｅｌpｌanｔodonｅxtwitｈJｉllWａtsｏn?Ａ)Ｌauｎcｈｄiffｅrｅｎｔｖeｒsionsoｆｈeronline.B)Feedherwithｎeｗquestioｎsａｎdansｗeｒｓ.C)Aｓsignheｒｔoanswermｏrｅofｓｔudｅｎts’qｕestｉoｎs.D)Enｃoｕrageｓtudenｔstｏｉnｔeracｔwiｔｈherｍoｒeｆreely．PassａｇeＴｗoQueｓtｉons5１to５５arebａsｅｄonthefollowingpaｓsage.Thinkingｓmａｌl，beingenｇaｇｉnｇ,ａndhaｖinｇaｓｅnsｅoｆｈumordon’thurｔ.Tｈoseａｒeafeｗoftheｔｒaitｓofsuccesｓfulｓciｅｎcecｒoｗdfunｄingeｆfortsthatemerｇeｆｒｏmareｃeｎtsｔudythateｘaｍｉneｄｎeａｒｌy4０0cａmpaigｎs.Butｈavingalargｅnetwoｒkaｎｍotiｏnａｌskillsmａｙbeｍorｅcｒucial.Croｗｄfundｉng，raｉｓｉnｇｍｏｎeｙfｏraｐrｏｊeｃｔthroｕｇｈoｎｌiｎeａppeａlｓ，hasｔakenｏｆfinrecｅnｔyｅａｒsｆｏreveｒｙthｉngfroｍmakingｍovｉestobuilｄingwater-savinggadgetｓ.SｃiｅntistsｈａvetｒiｅdtｏtaｐInｔｅｒneｔdonors,too,ｗitｈmｉｘedsｕcｃesｓ．Ｓｏmerａisｅdmorethａnｔwiｃetheｉrｇoaｌ,butotheｒsｈavefaｌlｅnshｏrtofｒeacｈiｎｇmoｒｅmodesｔtargetｓ.Todeｔermｉneｗｈaｔseｐaｒatesscｉencecroｗdfundingtｒｉumphsfｒｏmfailuｒes,aｔeaｍlｅｄbyscienceｃｏmｍｕnicatｉoｎsscｈolaｒMｉkeSchäferoｆtheUniversityofZuricｈinSwitzerlandexamiｎeｄｔhｅｃoｎｔeｎtｏftheＷebPaｇesfｏr３71recentｃampaigns.Fourtｒaｉtｓstoｏdoutfoｒｔhosｅthatachｉeｖｅdtheirｇoａls，theｒesearｃｈersrepｏrtinPｕblicUｎderstandingｏｆＳｃｉeｎcｅ.Fｏronｅ，ｔhｅyusｅacｒoｗdfuｎdingｐlatfｏrmthaｔｓpｅcializeｓinrａisｉｎｇｍｏｎeｙforｓcience,ａndｎｏtjuｓtanｙkｉndofｐｒｏjeｃt.AｌthoｕｇhsｉteｓｌｉkeKicｋstarｔｅｒtakeallｃomｅrs,plａtｆormｓｓｕchasＥｘ,Ｍｅdstａｒtr.cｏm,anｄPetrｉdｉsh.orｇｏｎlypreｓｅntscientifiｃproｊects.Forａnｏther,theyprｅsｅntthepｒoｊｅctwitｈａｆunnｙvｉdｅobecausegoodvisualsａndaｓenseofhumorｉmpｒｏvedsｕccesｓ．Moｓtｏｆthemengagewithpotenｔiａldonorsｓincｅpｒoｊectsthatａnsweredquesｔｉonsfｒｏminteｒeｓｔｅdｄｏnorsanｄposteｄlabnotｅsfａrｅｄbettｅｒ.Ａnｄthｅytargeｔasmａllaｍouｎtofmoneｙ.Theprｏjecｔsinｃlｕdeｄinthestudyｒaｉsed＄4０00onaveraｇe,with3０%ofｐｒojectsrｅceiviｎglessthan$1000.Ｔhemｏremoneyaｐroｊeｃｔsｏｕght,tｈeloｗｅrtheｃhanｃeitreａchediｔsgoａl，thｅreｓｅarｃheｒｓfoｕnd.Othｅｒfaｃtorｓmayalｓoｓigniｆｉｃaｎtｌyｉｎｆluenｃｅapｒｏｊeｃt’ｓsuｃｃess,moｓtnotａbｌy，tｈesizｅoｆａscieｎtｉst’speｒsonalandpｒofessiｏnaｌｎｅｔworks,aｎdｈowmuｃhａreｓearcｈeｒｐromotesapｒｏjecｔonhisｏrhｅｒowｎ.Thosｅtwｏｆactoｒsaｒebyｆａrｍoｒｅcrｉtiｃaｌthaｎtｈeｃｏntｅｎtoｎthepaｇe．Ｃrｏwdfｕｎdingcanｂｅpaｒtofrｅsｅarchers’effortstoreachｔhepuｂｌｉc，andpｅｏplｅgivebecａuse“thｅyfeelaconｎectｉontｏｔheperson”ｗｈoｉsdoingtｈｅｆｕnｄｒaｉsing—ｎｏtnｅceｓｓarｉlytothesciencｅ.51.Ｗhatdｏｗｅｌｅaｒｎａboutthescientistｓtryingtoraｉsemoｎeyonlinefortheｉrｐrojeｃｔｓ?Ａ)Ｔheydiｄnｏｔrａisｅmucｈduetｏmｏdesttaｒgｅｔs．B)Tｈeyｍaｄｅuseｏfｍixedfｕndraｉｓiｎgstrategｉｅs．C)Notaｌlofthemachieｖeｄtheiranticipaｔedgoａls.D）Moｓtofｔhｅmputmｏviesｏnｌineｆoｒｔheｐurpｏse.5２.ＷhaｔisｔhｅpurpｏseofＭikeScｈäfeｒ’sreｓearｃhoｆｒecentcｒｏｗdｆunｄｉngｃａmpａiｇns?A）Ｔｏcreａｔeａttractivｅｃｏnteｎtfｏｒsciｅncewｅbsiｔes.B）Tｏiｄｅntifｙｒeａsｏnｓforthｅiｒdｉfferｅntoｕtcoｍｅs.C)Ｔohelpsciｅｎtｉstｓtｏlａunｃhｉnnovatｉveｐroｊｅcts.D）Tosepａｒatｅsciencｅpｒｏjeｃｔsfｒoｍｇｅneraloｎes.53.Ｗhattraitcontribｕteｓtoｔｈesucceｓｓoｆacrowdfunｄingcaｍｐaiｇn?A)Theｐotenｔialbenefittofuｔuｒegeneratiｏnｓ.ﻩB）Itｓｉnteｒactionｗithprosｐeｃｔｉｖedonors．C)Iｔｓoriｇinalityinaddrｅssingfｉnanｃｉalissｕｅs. D)Tｈｅｖalueoｆtheprｏposｅdｐｒojｅcｔ．5４.Ｗhａtｄiｄtheresｅarchersthｉnkofthefinancialtargｅtsｏfcroｗdfundｉnｇpｒojects?A)Tｈeｙshｏuldｂesｍalltobesuccesｓful.ﻩ B)Theｙｓhoulｄｂeｂａsｅdｏnactualｎeｅds.Ｃ)Ｔhｅyｓhouldbeaｓseｓsedｗiｔhgreatcarｅ. 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