Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures 语法-高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit3TheInternet

SectionBDiscoveringUsefulStructures

Teachingobjectives1.Analyzetheformsandfeaturesofthepresentperfectpassivevoice.2.Findoutthedifferencesinmeaningandfunctionbetweentheactiveandpassiveforms.3.Masterthefunctionsofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceinthecontextanduseitinrealsituations.LeadinginActive__________________Passive

_________________Theformofthepresentperfectpassivevoice

Verbformhave/has+v-edhave/hasbeen+v-edTalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendone现在完成时的被动语态Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.Task1:Howdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?Fillintheblank.VerbformActive

have/has+v-edPassivehave/hasbeen+v-edReadandcompareThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.现在完成时activepassive表示说话时已经完成的被动性的动作或结果，主语是动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态have/has+v-edhave/has+been+v-ed现在完成时被动语态have/hasbeendone现在完成时的被动语态bedonehave/hasbeenHowdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?现在完成时的被动语态Part.2While-classChangethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.They’vebuiltakindofnewPCwithmorefunctions.AkindofnewPChasbeenbuiltwithmorefunctions.n.功能；作用vi.起作用；运转主动语态变被动语态的原则“三变”原句主语by的宾语宾语主语

谓语由主动被动Theletter

(post)already.hasbeenpostedManyhouses

(build)forthepoorsofar.havebeenbuilt用法1:被动动作发生在过去,已经完成,对现在造成影响或产生结果。(already,yet,sofar,bynow,untilnow)现在完成时的被动语态的用法一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行车修好了吗？Howmanyresidentshavebeeninvitedtotheconference？有多少居民受到了参会邀请？Keypoints:请认准以下常与现在完成时连用的时间状语1.已经（常用在肯定句）_______________2.已经（疑问、否定句）________________3.最近______________________________4.从那时起__________________________5.自那以来___________________________6.曾经______________________________7.迄今为止___________________________8.到现在为止_________________________9.很长一段时间_______________________10.在最近几年里______________________11.在过去的几年里____________________12.在过去的三十年里__________________alreadyrecently/latelysincethenyeteversinceever常用“haveever”sofar；uptonowbynowforalong(periodof)timeinrecentyearsin/during/overthepastyearsin/during/overthethreedecadesTip①由borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join,die等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态,不能与表示段时间的状语，如forfourdays,howlong等连用，而要改换动词或者是时态。判断正误:*

Hehasdiedfor3years.（）*Hedied3yearsago.（）

VXTip②短语动词不能分割，而且不能省略短语动词中的介词或副词。判断正误:*Thepatienthasbeentakengoodcare.（）*Thepatienthasbeentakengoodcareof.（）VX注意事项1.不及物动词和不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belongto,consistof...Eg：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownrecently.Eg:Afterthetrafficaccident,noonesurvivedexceptapersonwhowasbadlyinjured.注意事项2.一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多“不及物动词+副词或介词”构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉,eg:laughat,operateon,listento,lookafter,takecareof,thinkof,talkabout,handin,catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,turnon…Eg.:Mysisterwillbetakencareofbygrandma.Thepatientisbeingoperatedonnow.练：Heturnedontheradiojustnow.Theradiowasturnedonbyhimjustnow.现在完成时被动语态的解题步骤1.找时：找与现在完成相对应的时间状语；2.圈主：主语与动词构成被动关系；3.定谓：确定谓动形式：have/has(not)beendone。Exercises1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I_________________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Overtimemymemory________________(develop)somuchthat

IneverforgetanythingI________________(told).3.Sincethe1970smanynewapplications_________________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso___________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas________(help)withmedicaloperations.has

developedhavebeen

told

have

been

used

havebeenfoundbeenputhelp5.Theyhaveinterviewedseveralapplicantsforthejob.6.Theyhavecarriedoutseveralexperimentstotesttheperformanceofthenewcar.7.Theyhaven'tgivenanypermissiontoenterthelabsinceitwasclosed.Severalexperiments

havebeencarriedouttotesttheperformanceofthenewcar.Notanypermissionhasbeengiventothemtoenterthelabsinceitwasclosed.Severalapplicantsforthejobhavebeeninterviewed.After-classWhatarethedifferencesinmeaningandfunctionbetweentheactiveandpassiveforms?Theobjectinanactivesentencebecomesthesubjectinapassivesentence.Bothsentencetypesconveyasimilarmeaning,buttheyareslightlydifferent.Activesentencesareusedoften,astheyaremoredirect.Passivesentencesareoftenusedwhenthedoerofanactionisunknown,notimportant,orpreferrednotnamed.Haveatry(Bookp.30(2))Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.ExampleTheyhavebuiltakindofnewPCwithmorefunctions.→AkindofnewPChasbeenbuiltwithmorefunctions.1.Ihavedownloadedthesoftwaretohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.2.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.3.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?4.Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?5.Hasanyonemadea