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Chapter10UsingBlockandExternalReferences10.1OverviewAutoCADprovidesseveralfeaturestohelpyoumanageobjectsinyourdrawings.Withblocksyoucanorganizeandmanipulatemanyobjectsasonecomponent.Youcanalsoassociateitemsofinformationwiththeblocksinyourdrawings-forexample,partnumbersandprices-byattachingattributes.Specificationsheetsorbillsofmaterialscanbecreatedusingthisinformation.YoucanattachoroverlayentiredrawingsinyourcurrentdrawingbyusingAutoCADexternalreferences,orxrefs.Whenyouopenadrawingthatcontainsxrefs,anychangesthathavebeenmadeinthereferenceddrawingappearinthecurrentdrawing.10.2WorkingwithBlocksAblockisacollectionofobjectsyoucanassociatetogethertoformasingleobject,orblockdefinition.Youcaninsert,scale,androtateablockinadrawing.Youcanexplodeablockintoitscomponentobjects,modifythem,andredefinetheblock.AutoCADupdatesallcurrentandfutureinstancesofthatblockbasedontheblockdefinition.Blocksstreamlinethedrawingprocess.Forexample,youcanuseblockstoBuildastandardlibraryoffrequentlyusedsymbols,components,orstandardparts.Youcaninsertthesameblocknumeroustimesinsteadofre-creatingthedrawingelementseachtime. Revisedrawingsefficientlybyinserting,relocating,andcopyingblocksascomponentsratherthanindividualgeometricobjects. Savediskspacebystoringallreferencestothesameblockasoneblockdefinitioninthedrawingdatabase.Forinformationabouthowtocreateablock,see"DefiningBlocks."Whenyouinsertablockinyourdrawing,youarecreatingablockinstance.Eachtimeyouinsertablockinstance,youassignascalefactorandrotationangletotheinsertedblock.Youcanalsoscaleablockinstanceusingdifferentvaluesinanycoordinate(X,Y,Z)direction.Blocksmakeitpossibleforyoutoorganizeyourdrawingtasksinasystematicway,sothatyoucansetup,redesign,andsorttheobjectsinyourdrawingsandtheinformationassociatedwiththem.DefiningBlocksYoucangroupobjectstocreateblockdefinitionsinthecurrentdrawing,oryoucansavetheblockasaseparatedrawingfile.Whenyoudefineablock,youspecifythebasepoint,theobjectstogroup,andwhethertoretainordeletetheobjectsorconvertthemtoablockinthecurrentdrawing.YoucanalsoenteratextdescriptionandspecifyaniconusedtohelpidentifytheblockdefinitioninAutoCADDesignCenter.Blockdefinitionsareoneofmanynongraphicalobjectssavedinadrawing.See"WorkingwithNamedObjects."Tocreateablockdefinition1ﻩFromtheDrawmenu,chooseBlockMake.2ﻩIntheBlockDefinitiondialogbox,enteranamefortheblock.3ﻩUnderObjects,choosetheSelectObjectsbuttontousethepointingdevicetoselectobjectsfortheblockdefinition.Thedialogboxclosestemporarilywhileyouselectobjectsfortheblock.PressENTERwhenyouaredoneselectingblocks.Thedialogboxreopens.4ﻩIfyouwanttocreateaselectionset,usetheQuickSelectbuttontocreateordefineafilterforyourselectionset.See"FilteringSelectionSets."5ﻩUnderObjects,specifywhethertoretain,converttoablock,ordeletetheselectedobjects.Retain:Keepsselectedobjectsinthecurrentdrawing,intheiroriginalstate.ConverttoBlock:Replacesselectedobjectswithaninstanceoftheblock.Delete:Removesselectedobjectsaftertheblockisdefined.6 UnderBasePoint,enterthecoordinatevaluesfortheinsertionbasepointorchoosetheSpecifyInsertionBasePointbuttontousethepointingdevice.7ﻩUnderDescription,entertexttohelpidentifytheblockforeasyretrieval.8ﻩUnderIcon,specifywhethertocreateaniconfromtheblockdefinition.Donotincludeanicon:Omitspreviewimagefromblockdefinition.Createiconfromblockgeometry:Savespreviewimagewiththeblockdefinition.9 ChooseOK.Theblockdefinitionissavedinthecurrentdrawing.Tosaveablockorobjectasaseparatedrawingfile1 AttheCommandprompt,enterwblock.2 IntheWriteBlockdialogbox,specifyablockoranobjecttowriteoutasafile.Block:Specifiesablocktosaveasafile. EntireDrawing:Selectscurrentdrawingasablock.ﻩObject:Specifiesobjectstobesavedasafile. 3ﻩUnderBlock,selectanamefromthelisttosaveasafile.4ﻩUnderBasePoint,usethePickPointbuttontodefinethebasepoint.5 UnderObjects,usetheSelectobjectsbuttontoselecttheobjectfortheblockfile.6 Enteranameforthenewfile.Ifablockisselected,WBLOCKautomaticallyusesthatblock'snameforthenewfile.7 IntheInsertUnitslist,selectaninsertunittouseinAutoCADDesignCenter.8 ChooseOK.Theblockdefinitionissavedasadrawingfile.InsertingBlocksYoucaninsertblocksorentiredrawingsintothecurrentdrawingwithINSERT.Whenyouinsertablockordrawing,youspecifytheinsertionpoint,scale,androtationangle.ThissectionexplainsinsertingblocksintoyourdrawingusingINSERT.See"UsingAutoCADDesignCentertoInsertBlocks."Whenyouinsertanentiredrawingintoanotherdrawing,AutoCADtreatstheinserteddrawinglikeanyotherblockreference.Subsequentinsertionsreferencetheblockdefinition(whichcontainsthegeometricdescriptionoftheblock)withdifferentposition,scale,androtationsettings,asshowninthefollowingillustration.Ifyouchangetheoriginaldrawingafterinsertingit,thechangeshavenoeffectontheinsertedblock.Ifyouwanttheinsertedblocktoreflectthechangesyoumadetotheoriginaldrawing,youcanredefinetheblockbyreinsertingtheoriginaldrawing.Ifyouwanttoinsertadrawingbutyoudon'twantthefilenametobethesameastheblockname,youcaninsertitusingablockname=filenamesyntaxattheBlockNameprompt.Bydefault,AutoCADusesthecoordinate0,0,0astheinsertionbasepointforinserteddrawings.YoucanchangetheinsertionbasepointofadrawingbyopeningtheoriginaldrawingandusingBASEtospecifyadifferentinsertionbasepoint.AutoCADusesthenewbasepointthenexttimeyouinsertthedrawing.Ifthedrawingyouinsertcontainsobjectscreatedinapaperspacelayout,thoseobjectsarenotincludedinthecurrentdrawing'sblockdefinition.Tousethepaperspaceobjectsinanotherdrawing,opentheoriginaldrawinganduseBLOCKtodefinethepaperspaceobjectsasablock.Theblockisnowdefinedwithinyourdrawing.Youcaninsertthedrawingintoanotherdrawingandinserttheblockdefinedinyouroriginaldrawingineitherpaperspaceormodelspace.WithAutoCADDesignCenter,youcandisplaylayoutsanddragthemintoyourdrawings.See"WorkingwithDrawingContent."Toinsertablockreference1ﻩFromtheInsertmenu,chooseBlock.2ﻩIntheInsertdialogbox,specifytheblockname,whereyouwanttoinsertitinthecurrentdrawing,andwhetheryouwanttoexplodeitafterinsertion.3ﻩIfyouhavemodifiedtheoriginaldrawingfileforablock,youcanredefinetheblockinthecurrentdrawingbychoosingFiletolocatethefilefortheblock.4 ChooseOK.Theblockreferenceisupdatedinthecurrentdrawing.ExplodingaBlockUseEXPLODEtobreakablockinstance.Byexplodingablockinstance,youcanmodifytheblockoraddtoordeletetheobjectsthatdefineit.10.3ﻩWorkingwithAttributesAnattributeprovidesalabelortagforyoutoattachtexttoablock.Wheneveryouinsertablockthathasavariableattribute,AutoCADpromptsyoutoenterthedatatobestoredwiththeblock.Examplesofdataarepartnumbers,prices,comments,andowners'names.Youcanextractattributeinformationfromadrawingandusethatinformationinaspreadsheetordatabasetoproduceitemssuchasapartslistorabillofmaterials(BOM).Youcanassociatemorethanoneattributewithablock,providedthateachattributehasadifferenttag.AutoCADpromptsyouforthevalueofeachattributewhenyouinserttheblock.Youcanalsodefineconstantattributes:becausetheyhavethesamevalueineveryoccurrenceoftheblock,AutoCADdoesnotpromptforavaluewhenyouinserttheblock.Attributescanbeinvisible,whichmeanstheattributeisnotdisplayedorplotted.However,informationontheattributeisstoredinthedrawingfileandwrittentoanextractfilebyATTEXT.CreatingAttributesTocreateanattribute,youmustfirstuseATTDEFtocreateanattributedefinition,whichdescribesthecharacteristicsoftheattribute.Thecharacteristicsincludethetag,prompt,valueinformation,textformatting,location,andanyoptionalmodes.Tocreateanattributedefinition1ﻩOnthecommandline,enterattdef.2ﻩIntheAttributeDefinitiondialogbox,specifytheinsertionpointandsettheattributemodesandthetag,prompt,andtextoptions.3ﻩChooseOK.Aftercreatingtheattributedefinition,youcanselectitasanobjectinablockdefinition.Iftheattributedefinitionisincorporatedintoablock,wheneveryouinserttheblock,AutoCADpromptsyouwiththetextstringyouspecifiedfortheattribute.Eachsubsequentinstanceoftheblockcanhaveadifferentvaluespecifiedfortheattribute.Ifyouwanttouseseveralattributestogether,createeachoneseparatelyandthenincludetheminthesameblock.Tocontroltheorderofpromptsformultipleattributes,seeOPTIONSintheCommandReference.SystemvariablesAFLAGSsetstheATTDEFmode.ATTDISPgloballycontrolsthevisibilityofattributes.ATTREDEFredefinesablockandupdatesassociatedattributes.EditingAttributeDefinitionsYoucanuseDDEDITtoeditanattributedefinitionbeforeitisassociatedwithablock.Toeditanattributedefinitionbeforeitisassociatedwithablock1ﻩFromtheModifymenu,chooseText2 Selecttheattributetoedit.3ﻩIntheEditAttributeDefinitiondialogbox,specifytheattributetag,prompt,anddefaultvalue.ThenchooseOK.CommandlineDDEDITRelatedCHANGEeditsattributedefinitions.AttachingAttributestoBlocksYoucanattachattributestoablockwhenyoudefineorredefinethatblock.WhenAutoCADpromptsyoutoselecttheobjectstoincludeintheblockdefinition,includethedesiredattributesintheselectionset.Theorderinwhichyouselecttheattributesdeterminestheorderinwhichyouarepromptedforattributeinformationwhenyouinserttheblock(see"DefiningBlocks").EditingAttributesAttachedtoBlocksYoucaneditattributesthatarealreadyattachedtoablockandinsertedinadrawing.Toeditanattributeattachedtoablock1 FromtheModifymenu,chooseAttributeSingle.2ﻩSelectablocktoedit.3ﻩIntheEditAttributesdialogbox,edittheattributeinformationasnecessary.4 ChooseOK.Tocontroltheorderofpromptsformultipleattributes,seeOPTIONSintheCommandReference.10.4UsingExternalReferencesAnexternalreference(xref)linksanotherdrawingtothecurrentdrawing.Whenyouinsertadrawingasablock,theblockdefinitionandalloftheassociatedgeometryarestoredinthecurrentdrawingdatabase.Theblockisnotupdatediftheoriginaldrawingchanges.Whenyouinsertadrawingasanxref,however,thexrefisupdatedwhentheoriginaldrawingchanges.Adrawingcontainingxrefsalwaysreflectsthemostcurrenteditingineachexternallyreferencedfile.Likeablockreference,anxrefisdisplayedinthecurrentdrawingasasingleobject.However,anxrefdoesnotsignificantlyincreasethefilesizeofthecurrentdrawingandcannotbeexploded.Aswithblockreferences,youcannestxrefsthatareattachedtoyourdrawing.Byattachingxrefs,youcanAssembleamasterdrawingfromcomponentdrawingsthatmayundergochangesasaprojectdevelops.Coordinateyourworkwiththeworkofothersbyoverlayingotherdrawingsonyourdrawingtokeepupwiththechangesbeingmadebyotherusers.Ensurethatthemostrecentversionofthereferenceddrawingisdisplayed.Whenyouopenorplotyourdrawing,AutoCADautomaticallyreloadseachxref,sothedrawingreflectsthelatestchangestothereferenceddrawingfile.Displayonlyaspecificsectionofthexreffileinthemasterdrawingbycreatingclippedboundariesofxrefs.10.5ClippingBlocksandXrefsAfterattachingadrawingasanxreforinsertingablock,youcandefineaclippingboundarybyusingXCLIP.Aclippingboundarycandefineaportionofablockorxrefwhilesuppressingthedisplayofgeometryoutsideoftheboundary.Clippingappliestoanindividualinstanceofanxref,notthexrefdefinitionitself.Theportionofthexreforblockwithintheclippedboundaryremainsvisible,andtheremainderofthexreforblockbecomesinvisible.Thereferencedgeometryisnotaltered,onlythedisplayofthexrefisedited.YoucanuseXCLIPtocreateanewclippingboundary,deleteanexistingboundary,orgenerateapolylineobjectcoincidentwithverticesoftheclippingboundary.Xrefclippingcanbeturnedonoroff.Whenaclippingboundaryisturnedoff,theboundaryisnotdisplayedandtheentirexrefisvisible,providedthatthegeometryisonalayerthatisonandthawed.Whenaclippingboundaryisturnedoff,itstillexistsandcanbeturnedon.However,deletingaclippingboundaryispermanent.FormoreinformationaboutXCLIP,seetheCommandReference.Afteranxreforblockhasbeenclipped,itcanbeedited,moved,orcopiedjustlikeanunclippedxreforblock.Theboundarymoveswiththereference.Ifanxrefcontainsnestedclippedxrefs,theyappearclippedinthedrawing.Iftheparentxrefisclipped,thenestedxrefsarealsoclipped.Ifyouwanttoseetheclippingboundary,youcanturnontheXCLIPFRAMEsystemvariable.XCLIPFRAMEdetermineswhethertheclippingboundaryframeisdisplayed.Whentheclippingframeison(setto1),itcanbeselectedaspartoftheobjectandplotted.FormoreinformationaboutXCLIPFRAME,seetheCommandReference.10.6EditingReferencesinPlaceYoucanmodifyexternalreferencesandredefineblockdefinitionsfromwithinthecurrentdrawingbyusingin-placereferenceediting.Bothblocksandxrefsareconsideredreferences.Often,adrawingcontainsoneormorexrefsaswellasmultipleblockreferences.Whenworkingwithblockreferences,youcanselectablock,modifyit,andupdatetheblockdefinition.Whenworkingwithxrefs,youcanusein-placereferenceeditingtoselectthereferenceyouwanttoworkwith,modifyitsobjects,andsavebackthechangestothereferencedrawing.Youcanmakeminorchangeswithouthavingtogobackan
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