2023年北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试0５.07PartIReadiｎgCｏmｐｒehensiｏn（30％)Ｄireｃtiｏnｓ：Thereａrethreepasｓagesiｎtｈiｓpaｒt.Eacｈpasｓaｇｅisfｏlｌowedbysｏｍｅqueｓtｉonsorｕnfiｎｉｓhedstatemｅntｓ．ＦｏｒeachｏfｔhemthｅreａrefoｕrｃhoiｃesmarkedA，Ｂ,ＣanｄD.YｏuｓhｏulｄdecideontheｂeｓtchoiｃeａndblａcｋenthｅcorresｐonｄiｎgletteｒoｎthｅAnｓweｒSheet．Passaｇｅ1Ｑuｅsｔiｏns1to5ａreｂasｅdontｈｅfoｌｌowingｐａsｓａｇe：Ｓpending50ｍinutｅｓwiｔhａcｅlｌphonｅclosetoyoｕｒeariｓeｎoｕｇhｔochanｇｅbraｉncellacｔiｖiｔyｉntｈｅpａrｔofthｅbrａiｎcｌosesｔｔotheantｅnｎa(天线).Butｗhｅthｅrthatcａuｓesanyhａrｍiｓnotclear，scientistｓattheNatioｎalIｎstiｔｕtｅofＨｅalthsaｉｄａｔaconferencelastmoｎtｈ,adｄiｎgthａttheｓtｕdywilｌｎotlikｅlyseｔｔleconceｒnsofaｌｉnｋbetweencellphonesａnｄbrａiｎcaｎcer．"Wｈatweshowedisgｌｕcosｅ(葡萄糖）ｍetabolｉsｍ（代谢)(asignofbｒaｉnａcｔivity）incrｅasesiｎtheｂraininpeｏpleｗhowereexｐoｓedtoａｃellｐhｏneｉntheareaｃlosestｔotheａntennａ,"ｓａｉdDr．NoraVｏlｋowｏftheＮIH,whoseｓtudｙwaｓｐublisheｄinthｅＪournalｏfｔheAｍｅricanMｅdicａｌAssoｃiation.(7６)Tｈestｕdyｗaｓmｅaｎttｏexａｍｉnehｏwthebｒainｒｅactsｔoｅlｅctｒomagnetｉｃｆieldscａuｓedbyｗｉrｅlesｓphonesiｇnａls.Volｋoｗｓａidshewassurpｒｉsedthattｈｅweaｋelectrｏmagnｅtiｃraｄiation(电磁辐射)ｆｒomceｌlpｈonｅsｃｏuldafｆectbraｉnaｃtivity，butsｈesａｉdthefindiｎgsdｏnotｓhedanyligｈｔonwheｔhｅrcellphonescauｓｅＣanceｒ."Ｔｈisstｕdyｄoesnotinanｙwａｙinｄicaｔethat.Ｗhaｔtheｓtuｄｙdoeｓistoｓｈowthehｕｍanbrainiｓseｎｓitiveｔｏelｅcｔｒomagneｔicrａdiａｔionｆｒomcｅllphonｅexposures."Useｏｆｔhedｅvicesｈaｓincreaｓeddramaticａｌlysｉncｅtheｙwerｅintroｄｕcedintｈeeａrｌy1980s,witｈabouｔ5biｌlｉｏnｃｅllphonesnowｉｎuseworldwｉｄe．Ｓomｅstudieshavelinｋeｄcellｐhoｎｅexpoｓuｒetoaｎｉnｃreasedrisｋofbrａiｎcancｅrｓ,butaｌarｇestｕdybyｔheWｏrｌｄHeａltｈOrｇanizａtiｏndidｎotofｆerａcleaｒａnsweｒｔｏthis.Volkow'steamstuｄiｅd47peopleｗhohａｄthｅｉrbrａinｅxaｍｉnedwhileacellphｏｎeｗａstｕｒnedonfor50minutesandanotherwhilｅｔhephｏnｅwａｓturｎｅdｏff．Ｗhileｔｈｅrｅwasnｏcomplｅtｅchanｇeｉnbrａinmetaｂolism,tｈｅyfoｕnda7ｐｅrcｅntiｎcreaseｉｎbｒaｉnmｅtaｂolismintheregionclｏseｓttoｔhecellｐhoneaｎtennawｈenｔhｅphｏneｗasｏn.（７７)Ｅxｐertssaｉｄtheｒeｓｕｌtswereinteｒestinｇ,buturｇedthattheｙｂｅundｅrｓtｏoｄwｉｔhgreatcare.“Aｌthoughtｈｅbioｌogｉｃaｌsignificance,ｉfaｎy,ｏfincreａseｄglucoseｍetabolismfrｏmｔoｏmｕｃhcｅllphoneexｐoｓurｅiｓunkｎown,tｈeｒｅsulｔｓrｅquｉrefuｒtherinvestｉｇaｔion，”HｅnｒyLaioｆtheUnｉvｅrsiｔｙofWashｉｎｇtonintheU．Ｓ.anｄＤr.LｅnnａｒtHardｅllofＵｎiｖersiｔｙHｏspitaｌiｎＳweden,ｗrｏteiｎａｎarｔiclｅiｎJAMA.“Ｍuchｈａsｔｏｂedoｎetofuｒtheｒiｎｖestiｇａteandｕndeｒstandｔｈeseefｆecｔｓ,”ｔｈeywroｔe.1.Aｃｃorｄingtｏｔhｅpassａｇe,whｉchofｔhefoｌlｏwingisTRUE?A.Cellphoneusｅisdangｅrous．B．Ceｌlpｈoneuｓｅｃａuｓeｓcanceｒ．C.Ｔhｅhumanbraｉnｉsanｅlｅctromagnｅticｆｉeld.Ｄ.Theｒｅareaｂouｔ５billｉoncellpｈoneｕsｅrｓintheworldrｉghtnow.２.DoctorＶolkｏwｗａsaｓｔonｉshedbecaｕse_＿______＿__.A.heｒresearchｈaｓsｈeｄlightonｈｅrundeｒｓｔanｄinｇofcelｌphｏneB.ｓｈefoundtｈａtcｅlｌphｏｎeexposureisharmｆultｏｈｕmanbｒainC．sheｆｏｕndthatusinｇacｅlｌphonefｏrabｏut50ｍｉnutｅsｃouｌｄｉｎfｌueｎceｏrｃhangebraｉｎａcｔｉviｔｙＤ.humanｂraｉnisnotｒesponsiveｔoelectromaｇnｅticradiaｔion3.Accorｄingtoｔhepasｓage,ｃellphonｅswｅｒelaunched___＿____＿___.A.ｉntｈｅlate1９70sB.bｅtｗeen19８0anｄ198５Ｃ.inｔhｅlaｔe198０ｓD.iｎtheeａrlｙ１990s4．Ｗｈatdoｅsthｅｗｏｒd“that”ｓtandｆorinthｅsｅcondpａｒagraｐh?Ａ.Bｒaｉnａｃtiｖiｔy.B．Hｅrrｅsearchｆindiｎgs．C.ThｅfactｔhatcｅlｌPｈoneusｅmayｃauｓｅｃancer.D.Herreseａrｃhｐroｇress．5.Ｗhicｈofｔhｅfｏｌlｏwｉngisaｎappｒoｐrｉatetｉtｌeforｔhｉspassaｇe？A.CeｌlPhoneRadｉatioｎ:IｓItHarｍful?B.CellPhｏｎeRadiaｔion：IsItＵseｆuｌ?C.ＣeｌlPhｏneRaｄiａｔion:IsItHealｔhｙ？D．ＣellPｈｏneRａdiａtiｏn:IｓItWeａk?Passａgｅ2Questions６tｏ1０arｅbasedontｈefｏllowｉngpasｓage:Humanbeingｓhavealwaｙshadanａbilitｙtoaｔtｅndtoseverａlthingsａｔonce.（78）Ｎorｉselｅctronicｍultitａskinｇentireｌynew:Wｅ'vｅbeeｎdrｉｖinｇwhilelｉstｅninｇtｏcarradiｏｓｓｉncethｅybｅｃａmepopularinthe1９３0s.ButｔhereisｎｏdｏｕｂtｔhatmｕｌtitａｓkiｎghasreachedａkindoｆwarpsｐeedintｈeeｒaoｆWeb－eｎablｅdｃoｍpｕters,ｗhｅnｉthａｓbecoｍｅroutiｎeｔoｃoｎｄｕcｔseveｒａｌIＭ(即时通讯)conversａtiｏnｓ，watchTＶandｕseｔhecoｍputｅraｌlatoｎｃe.Butwhａt'ｓ．ｔheimpactｏfthis.mｅdiaconsumption？Andｈowａrethesemultitasｋingdeviｃｅscｈanｇinghowkｉdsｌearn，rｅaｓonaｎｄcommｕnｉcａteｗiｔhoneanoｔher?Sｏcialscientｉcatorsaｒｅjuｓtｂeｇiｎnｉngtodeａlwiｔhtｈesequesｔions，ｂuｔthereｓearｃheｒsａlｒeadyｈａvesｏmesｔrongoｐinions.(７9)Ａlthoughｍultｉtaskingｋidsmａyｂebｅtｔerprｅpaｒedinｓｏmｅwaysfortodaｙ'sfast-pacedworkpｌａce,mａnyscienｔistsarｅpositｉｖelyaｌarmedbｙthetrend.Kｉdsthａtareinｓtaｎｔｍessagiｎgｗhiｌedoｉnghｏｍework,pｌaｙｉnggａmeｓｏnlｉneａnｄｗatchinｇTV,arｅn＇tgoｉngtoｄowｅllinthelｏnｇmn.Ontｈeｐosiｔiveｓｉｄe,ｍultitaskingstudentｓtendtobｅeｘtrａorｄｉnａrilygｏodatfindinｇandｕsinginfｏrmatiｏn.Andprobablyｂecauseｍodeｍｃhｉldhoｏdcenterｓarｏundvｉsual(视觉的)rａtｈerthanprinｔｍedｉa,thｅｙaｒｅesｐeciａllysｋilledａｔanａｌyzingvisuaｌdａtaaｎｄimaｇes.Manyeducatｏｒsandpsyｃhoｌogistssａｙpａrｅntsnｅedtｏａctivelyｅｎsｕrethatｔheirtｅeｎａgerｓbｒｅａkfreeｏｆｕncontrｏllableｅngagemｅｎtｗithｓcreensandspendtimeinｔｈｅphｙｓｉcaｌcomｐａnyofhuｍanbeiｎgs－-aｇroｗiｎgchａｌlenｇenotjｕstbeｃａuｓetｅcｈnｏlogyofｆerｓ'suｃｈaｈandyoptｉｏnbutｂｅｃaｕｓeｓｏｍanｙkidslｅａｄhiｇｈlysｃｈeduledｌｉvｅstｈaｔleaｖelittｌetｉmeforｏld-faｓhｉonedｓociaｌiｚｉngａnｄfａmilymeals.Indeed,manyteｅnａgersandｃoｌｌegesｔudｅntssayoverｃｏmmitted（任务过重的）schｅｄｕｌｅｓdriveｍucｈoｆtheirmulｔitaskｉng.Jusｔasimportａntisforｐarｅnｔｓandeducatorｓtoｔeaｃhkｉdｓｔhatiｔ'sｖaluaｂlｅ，ｅveｎeｓsential，tｏocｃａsionａlｌysloｗdown,unpｌｕganｄtaketiｍetoｅｎｊｏylifebeyoｎｄtheｓcreｅｎ.6.Whaｔistheｍaｉniｄeaoｆthispassage?A．Hoｗismｕｌｔitaskｉnｇdｅfｉned(定义)iｎｔｈeinformａtionage？B．Ｈowdopeｏplｅｓeｅ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