高中英语高考押题卷押题卷 山东2023届高考考前押题卷 英语模拟试题

山东中学联盟2023年高考考前热身押题英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题分,满分分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHOMESCHOOLINGAWAYFROMHOMEDynamicprogramsforhomeschooledstudentsaretransformingtheoutsidehomeareasintoaclassroominandofitself,wherehomeschoolerscantakeadvantageofawealthoflessonstolastalifetime?Haveaquicklookatthefollowing.Theymightbeagoodfittodiscoverthewonder-filledworldoutsidethehome.AnUnderseaViewForkidswhoareintoaquatic(水生的)life,TheAquariumofthePacificisagreatspacetosocializeandengageinhands-onlearningwithmarinelife.Theaquariumoffersarangeofresources,includinghomeschoolfieldtrips,dedicatedhomeschooldayswithdiscountedadmissionrates.Volunteeringincludeshoursoflearningandinteractingwithaquariumguestsonaweeklybasis.Thisoffershome-schoolersthechancetopracticepublicspeakingandsciencecommunication.ALearningTripleTreatTheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-ledprogramexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge.ThetreatisavailableeveryMonday.Hands-onlearningintheconservatory’splantlabwillbethehighlight.BrainsatPlayKidspaceChildren’sMuseuminPasadenawillhelpyougetyourhomeschoolersoutofthehousewithacresofmostlyoutdoor,kiddrivenexperiences.Theseincludemorethan40hands-onexhibitswherekidscanexplorenaturalenvironmentsandinvestigatescienceandartisticformsofexpression.Homeschoolfamiliesaresupportedviaquarterlyhomeschooldays,withanadmissionfeeof$15peradult-childpair.TheFlipSideofLearningIfbeingforcedtostudyhasyourhomeschoolerbouncingoffthewalls,TempestAcademyiswelcome.Therewillbeconstantmoving,jumping,climbingandrolling.Mostly,however,therewillbecommunity.Buildingacommunityisamajorthemeforthissport,andstudentsgrow,learnandcollaboratebytakingonchallengesalongsidetheirfellows.Kidsofallagesarewelcome.1.WhatdoweknowaboutAnunderseaView?A.Volunteerscaninteractwithvisitors.B.Ithelpstodevelopchildren’ssocialskillsfully.C.Itonlyopenstothosekidswhoareintovoluntarywork.D.Everyparticipanthasachancetopracticepublicspeaking.2.Whichprogramwillbethenicestfitifkidswanttoappreciateworksofart?A.AnUnderseaView. B.BrainsatPlay.C.ALearningTripleTreat. D.TheFlipSideofLearning.3.Whatcanweinferfromthefourprogramsinthetext?A.Theyareallfreeofcharge.B.Theyrequiredifferentagelimits.C.Allareintendedforkidswithlearningproblems.D.Allattachgreatimportancetohomeschoolers’involvement.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了接受家庭教育孩子离家学习的好处以及多种可选择的项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“Volunteeringincludeshoursoflearningandinteractingwithaquariumguestsonaweeklybasis.(志愿服务包括每周小时的学习和与水族馆客人的互动)”可知，参观海底景观时，志愿者可以与来访者互动。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“TheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-ledprogramexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge.(Huntington图书馆、艺术博物馆和植物园欢迎25名或以上来自同一年级的家庭学校学生参加一个90分钟的项目，讲解员领导的项目，免费探索艺术收藏馆、植物园和图书馆)”可推知，如果孩子们想欣赏艺术作品，“ALearningTripleTreat”项目最合适。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Thisoffershome-schoolersthechancetopracticepublicspeakingandsciencecommunication.(这为在家上学的孩子提供了练习公共演讲和科学传播的机会)”、第三段“TheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-ledprogramexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge(Huntington图书馆、艺术博物馆和植物园欢迎25名或以上来自同一年级的家庭学校学生参加一个90分钟的项目，讲解员领导的项目，免费探索艺术收藏馆、植物园和图书馆)”、第四段“KidspaceChildren’sMuseuminPasadenawillhelpyougetyourhomeschoolersoutofthehousewithacresofmostlyoutdoor,kiddrivenexperiences.(位于帕萨迪纳的Kidspace儿童博物馆将帮助你让在家上学的孩子走出家门，为他们提供英亩的户外体验)”以及第五段“Ifbeingforcedtostudyhasyourhomeschoolerbouncingoffthewalls,TempestAcademyiswelcome.(如果被迫学习让自学者感到震惊，Tempest学院是受欢迎的)”可推知，从课文中的四个项目中我们能推断出，所有人都非常重视自学者的参与。故选D项。BDistantlyrelatedtothelarger,better-knownblack-and-whitegiantpanda,theredpandaisamerecreaturefoundinthemountainsofNepal,Myanmar,andcentralChina.Theredpandaisdwarfedbytheblack-and-whitegiantthatsharesitsname.Thesepandastypicallygrowtothesizeofahousecat,thoughtheirbig,bushytailsaddanadditional46centimeters.Theyusetheirringedtailsaswraparoundblanketsinthecoldmountainheights.Theredpandasharesthegiantpanda’srainy,high-altitudeforesthabitat,buthasawiderrange.RedpandasliveinthemountainsofNepalandnorthemMyanmar,aswellasincentralChina.Theseanimalsspendmostoftheirlivesintreesandevensleepaloft.Whenhunting,theyaremostactiveatnightaswellasinthehoursofduskanddawn.Redpandashaveatasteforbamboobut,unliketheirlargerrelatives,theyeatmanyotherfoodsaswell—fruit,acorns,roots,andeggs.Likegiantpandas,theyhaveanextendedwristbonethatfunctionsalmostlikeathumb(拇指)andgreatlyaidstheirgrasp.Theyareshyandaloneexceptwhenmating.Femalesgivebirthinthespringandsummer,typicallytoonetofouryoung.Youngredpandasremainintheirnestsforabout90days,duringwhichtimetheirmothercaresforthem.Malestakelittleornointerestintheiryoungbabies.Theredpandahasgivenscientiststaxonomic(分类的)fits.Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalsooftheraccoon,withwhichitsharesaringedtail.Currently,redpandasareconsideredmembersoftheirownuniquefamily—theAiluridae.Redpandasareendangered,victimsofdeforestation.Theirnaturalspaceisshrinkingasmoreandmoreforestsaredestroyedbyloggingandthespreadofagriculture.4Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheredpanda?A.Bigandbushy. B.Particularaboutfood.C.Activeintheday. D.Hardtofitintoacategory.5.Howcanweeasilytellaredpandafromagiantpanda?A.Bytheirsize. B.Bytheirhabitat.C.Bythewaytheyhunt. D.Bytheirwristbone.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph7referto?A.Theraccoon. B.Theredpanda.C.Thegiantpanda. D.Thetaxonomicfit.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocompareavarietyofpandas.B.Toexplaintheclassificationofpandas.C.Toraiseawarenessofprotectingwildlife.D.Tomakeanintroductiontoauniqueanimal.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小熊猫的居住地以及其习性。【4题详解】推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalsooftheraccoon,withwhichitsharesaringedtail.Currently,redpandasareconsideredmembersoftheirownuniquefamily—theAiluridae.(它被归类为大熊猫的近亲，也被归类为浣熊的近亲，浣熊与小熊猫有环状的尾巴。目前，小熊猫被认为是自己独特家族的一员——熊猫科)”可推知，小熊猫很难被归类。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“Theredpandasharesthegiantpanda’srainy,high-altitudeforesthabitat,buthasawiderrange.RedpandasliveinthemountainsofNepalandnorthemMyanmar,aswellasincentralChina.(小熊猫和大熊猫一样都生活在多雨的、高海拔的森林栖息地，但范围更广。小熊猫生活在尼泊尔、缅甸北部以及中国中部的山区。)”可推知，根据小熊猫和大熊猫的栖息地不同，可以轻易区分小熊猫和大熊猫。故选A项。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Theredpandahasgivenscientiststaxonomicfits.(小熊猫给科学家提供了分类学上的依据)”和“Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalsooftheraccoon(它被归类为大熊猫的近亲，也被归类为浣熊的近亲)”以及下文“sharesaringedtail(都有一条环状的尾巴)”可推知，此处意为小熊猫与浣熊相似，都有环状的尾巴，所以文章第七段中带下划线的“it”指的是小熊猫。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文并且根据文章首段“Distantlyrelatedtothelarger,better-knownblack-and-whitegiantpanda,theredpandaisamerecreaturefoundinthemountainsofNepal,Myanmar,andcentralChina.(小熊猫与更大、更知名的黑白相间的大熊猫有着远亲关系，它只是在尼泊尔、缅甸和中国中部山区发现的一种动物)”可推知，本文的目的是向读者介绍介绍一种独特的动物——小熊猫。故选D项。CBornin1921,PaulSmithwasdiagnosedwithaseverediseasethataffectsmotorabilitiesandstrength.Sincehecouldnotgrasptheartist’stools,hiscreationsturnedtothetypewriter.Hisworksincludehischildhoodfascinationwithtrains,spiritualleaders,warscenesandcountryheroes.It’snotsomuchthesubjectthatisremarkableaboutPaul’swork,it’sthepainstakingskillofusingsymbolsonatypewritertoformperfectcopyofexistingwork,andcreativerepresentationsofhissurroundings.Paul’simagesemployedonlyahandfulofsymbolkeys-!,@,≠≠,％,∧,(,&,)—whichwereaccessiblealongthetoprowofhistypewriterkeyboard.Remarkable,whenapersonconsidersthathandtypewritersrequiredtheribbonstobepositioned,therollertobeadjusted,andthepapertobesecured.Typewriters,ofthattime,leftnoroomforerrorsinceerasingmistakenkeystrokeswasnotacleanoption.Ashetyped,hewouldlocktheshiftkeyinasafepositionnottotypenumbers.Heusedhislefthandtosteadyhisright.Differentsymbolscreatedthelookofvariedtextures(神韵),anddependingonthelooktoachieve,hewouldadjustthespacingtotypethesymbolsnearorfar.And,headjustedtherollertoperfectspacesbetweenlines.Dependingonitssizeandcomplexity,itcouldtakeanywherefromtwoweekstothreemonthstocompleteonepiece.Heworked,onaverage,acoupleofhourseverydayonhisart.Afterallofthatwork,onewouldn’tblamePaulifhesoughttosellhiswork,butbyallaccounts,hewouldgiveawayhispieces.Ashisdistinctiveartformgainedinterestfromothers,thenumberofordersforhisartworkincreased.In2023theworldlostPaulSmithattheageof85.ForthisAmerican,creatingartwasaleisurelypursuitandaformofexpression.Totheartworld,hesetahighbarfortypewriterartiststhatmanyhavetriedtomatch,butfewareabletorepeatit.8.WhatdoweknowaboutthetoolPaulSmithworkedwith?A.Ithasonlysymbolkeys. B.Itrequiresribbonsandaroller.C.Itisspeciallymadeforhim. D.Thespacingisnotadjustable.9.WhatdidPaulSmithhavetodotoworkouthisproduction?A.Locktheshiftkey. B.Erasemistakesneatly.C.Steadyallthesymbols. D.Adjustthekeysprecisely.10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePaulSmith’sworks?A.Primitive. B.Sensitive.C.Innovative. D.Timeefficient.11.WhatcanwelearnfromPaulSmith’sstory?A.Artcomesfromlife. B.Effortsworkwonders.C.Patienceisavirtue. D.Techniquedoescount.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了PaulSmith身残志坚，通过自己努力，创造出了一种独特的打字机，Paul的故事启示我们，努力才能取得成功。【8题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第三段“Remarkable,whenapersonconsidersthathandtypewritersrequiredtheribbonstobepositioned,therollertobeadjusted,andthepapertobesecured.(当一个人考虑到手动打字机需要定位色带，调整滚筒，固定纸张时，这是很了不起的)”可知，PaulSmith使用的工具需要色带和滚筒。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Ashetyped,hewouldlocktheshiftkeyinasafeposition(当他打字时，他会把换档钥匙锁在一个安全的位置）”可知，为了完成自己的作品，PaulSmith不得不锁定换档钥匙。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Heusedhislefthandtosteadyhisright.Differentsymbolscreatedthelookofvariedtextures,anddependingonthelooktoachieve,hewouldadjustthespacingtotypethesymbolsnearorfar.And,headjustedtherollertoperfectspacesbetweenlines.(他用左手稳住右手。不同的符号创造出不同纹理的外观，根据所要实现的外观，他会调整间距来输入符号的远近。他还调整了滚筒，使其线条之间的间距达到完美。)”可推知，PaulSmith的想法非常具有创造力，他的作品是创新的一种方式。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“Bornin1921,PaulSmithwasdiagnosedwithaseverediseasethataffectsmotorabilitiesandstrength.Sincehecouldnotgrasptheartist’stools,hiscreationsturnedtothetypewriter.(出生于1921年的PaulSmith被诊断出患有一种严重的影响运动能力和力量的疾病。由于他不能握住艺术家的工具，他的创作转向了打字机)”可知，PaulSmith虽然患病却没有放弃。又通过文章最后一段“Totheartworld,hesetahighbarfortypewriterartiststhatmanyhavetriedtomatch,butfewareabletorepeatit.(对于艺术界来说，他为打字机艺术家设置了一个很高的标准，很多人都试图与之匹配，但很少有人能够重复)”可知，PaulSmith身患疾病却为美国打字机艺术开创了一个未来。由此推知PaulSmith的故事启示我们，努力就能创造奇迹。故选B项。DTheroleofmediahistoricallyhasbeencentraltothemakingofsocietyandtheconstructionofidentity.Itisvitalinthesearchforinformation,storiesandarttofeedthehumanspiritandimaginationtoovercomethechallengesahead.Inanageoffalsenewsandmisinformation,goodqualitycontentismorevaluablethanever.Historyprovidessomecontext.IntheUKthedevelopmentoftheliberal(自由的)mediapriortothe1950swascharacterizedbyaclearhierarchy(等级)whenitcametothecontrolofinformation.Thismodeleventuallygavewaytoapopular,audience-drivenmassmediainthe1980s,whentheideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasuretookroot.Today,asmorecontentisdistributedviasocialplatformsandthedivisionbetweencontentcreatorsandcontentconsumersisunclear,technologycompanies—or“supercompetitors”—aretakinggreaterresponsibilityforguaranteeingthequalityandintegrityofinformation.Perhapsasareactiontothisandwithanoddnodtopre-1950spaternalism(家长式管理),thereisarisingcallforgovernmentsandregulatorstotakeamoreactiveroleintheproductionandspreadingofnewstoensureequitableaccesstoinformation.Accesstoorqualityofcontentisbetterthanever.Butwhiledestinationmediacompetetobecomeleadersintheirspecificareas,thetechgiantsareworkingouthowtousemediatodominatetime,spendanddata.Whatwillbetheimpactofthestrategiesofthetechgiantsontheoverallmedialandscape?Thepoetandnovelist,BenOkri,writes,“Itmaywellbethatitisnotonlysciencethatsavesus.Wemayalsobesavedbylaughter,bytheoptimismofbeingabletoseebeyondthesetimes,withstories,withcommunity,withsongs.”Intheabsenceofrealcontact,interactionandtheconsumptionofexperienceisnowmostlymediated(调解).Thevalueandintegrityofmediahasneverbeenmorerelevantandsignificant.12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“somecontext”inParagraph2referto?A.Thedevelopmentoftheliberalmedia.B.ThemodeloftheBritishclearhierarchy.C.Thechangingoffactorsdeterminingmediacontent.D.Theideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasure.13.Whatisthemajorproblemmediatodayarefacing?AMediaarelosingtheirrolesinshapingsociety.B.It’shardtodividecontentcreatorsandconsumers.C.Mediaaremisusedtodominatetime,spendanddata.D.Thequalityandintegrityofinformationcan’tbeavailable.14.WhatdoesBenOkriintendtotellus?A.Ourlifelackspassion. B.Peopleneedpropermediacontent.C.Sciencecanbyallmeanssaveus. D.Mediacannotchangethereallife.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheCoreofMedia—ValueandIntegrityB.TheTransformationofMediaContentC.TheImpactofTechGiantsonMediaD.TheUpsandDownsofMedia【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述媒体的发展和核心问题——媒体的价值观和完整性。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Historyprovidessomecontext.（历史提供了一些背景。）”说明下文讲述的是和somecontext有关的内容。下文“IntheUKthedevelopmentoftheliberal(自由的)mediapriortothe1950swascharacterizedbyaclearhierarchy(等级)whenitcametothecontrolofinformation.Thismodeleventuallygavewaytoapopular,audience-drivenmassmediainthe1980s,whentheideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasuretookroot.（在20世纪50年代之前的英国，自由媒体的发展特征是在信息控制方面有一个清晰的等级制度。这种模式最终在20世纪80年代被流行的、以观众为导向的大众媒体所取代，当时媒体作为大众快乐的来源的想法开始生根。）”主要讲述的是媒体内容决定因素的变化。C项“Thechangingoffactorsdeterminingmediacontent.（决定媒体内容的因素的变化。）”解释了somecontext的内容，符合题意。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Accesstoorqualityofcontentisbetterthanever.Butwhiledestinationmediacompetetobecomeleadersintheirspecificareas,thetechgiantsareworkingouthowtousemediatodominatetime,spendanddata.（对内容的访问或质量比以往任何时候都好。但是，当目的地媒体竞相成为其特定领域的领导者时，科技巨头们正在研究如何利用媒体主导时间、花费和数据。）”可知，今天媒体面临的主要问题是被误用来支配时间、花费和数据。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thepoetandnovelist,BenOkri,writes,“Itmaywellbethatitisnotonlysciencethatsavesus.Wemayalsobesavedbylaughter,bytheoptimismofbeingabletoseebeyondthesetimes,withstories,withcommunity,withsongs.”（诗人兼小说家BenOkri写道：“很可能不仅仅是科学拯救了我们。通过故事、社区和歌曲，我们也可能被笑声、能够看到超越时代的乐观精神所拯救。”）”可以推断，BenOkri认为人们需要适当的媒体内容。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Theroleofmediahistoricallyhasbeencentraltothemakingofsocietyandtheconstructionofidentity.Itisvitalinthesearchforinformation,storiesandarttofeedthehumanspiritandimaginationtoovercomethechallengesahead.（历史上，媒体的作用一直是社会形成和身份建构的核心。在寻找信息、故事和艺术的过程中，培养人类的精神和想象力以克服未来的挑战是至关重要的。）”和最后一段“Thevalueandintegrityofmediahasneverbeenmorerelevantandsignificant.（媒体的价值观和完整性从未像现在这样重要。）”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述媒体的发展和核心问题——媒体的价值观和完整性。所以A选项“TheCoreofMedia—ValueandIntegrity（媒体的核心——价值与诚信）”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题分,满分分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Scientistsrelyonjournalpaperstosharetheirscientificresults.____16____Onceresearchersareconfidentoftheirresults,theywriteupamanuscript(手稿)andsendittoajoumal.Editorsforwardthesubmittedmanuscriptstoatleasttwoexternalrefereeswhoareexpertinthetopic.Thesereviewerscansuggestthemanuscriptberejected,publishedasis,orsentbacktothescientistsformoreexperiments.____17____Researchpublishedinpeer-reviewedjournalshasundergonestrictqualitycontrolbyexperts.Eachyear,about2,800peer-reviewedjournalspublishroughlymillionscientificpapers.Thebodyofscientificknowledgeisconstantlyevolvingandupdating,butyoucantrustthatthesciencethesejournalsdescribeissound.Retractionpolicieshelpcorrecttherecordifmistakesarediscoveredpost-publication.____18____Togetthewordoutfaster,scientistssometimespostresearchpapersonwhat’scalledapreprintserver.Theseoftenhave“RXiv”—pronounced“archive”—intheirname:MedRXiv,BioRXivandsoon.Thesearticleshavenotbeenpeer-reviewedandsoarenotprovenbyotherscientists.Preprintsprovideanopportunityforotherscientiststoevaluateandusetheresearchasbuildingblocksintheirownworksooner.Howlonghasthisworkbeenonthepreprintserver?Ifit’sbeenmonthsandithasn’tyetbeenpublishedinthepeer-reviewedliterature,beveryskeptical.____19____DuringtheCOVID-19crisis,withresearchershurryingtounderstandadangerousnewvirusandrushingtodeveloplifesavingtreatments,preprintservershavebeenlitteredwithimmatureandunprovenscience.Demandingresearchstandardshavebeensacrificedforspeed.Besmartlyawareofresearchpublishedinwhatarecalledpredatory(损人利己的)journals.____20____Papersfromanyofthethousandsofknownpredatoryjournalsshouldbetreatedwithstrongskepticism.A.Thatprocessiscalled“peerreview”.B.Peerreviewnormallytakesmonths.C.Calltoconfirmthattheyareprovencorrect.D.However,theycan’tguaranteethepapersarecorrect.E.Theylettheworldseewhatresearchhasbeendone,andhow.F.Theydon’tpeer-reviewmanuscripts,andtheychargeauthorsafeetopublish.G.Thescientistssubmittingthepreprintmaynotcomefromareliableinstitution.【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.G20.F【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了科学家发表研究论文的过程，并提醒要警惕在损人利己期刊上发表的科学论文。【16题详解】上文“Scientistsrelyonjournalpaperstosharetheirscientificresults.”讲述科学家们依靠期刊来分享他们的科学成果，E项“他们让世界看看做了什么研究，以及如何做的。”与上文是因果关系，they指代上文提到的“Scientists”，说明科学家分享科学成果的目的。故选E。【17题详解】上文“Onceresearchersareconfidentoftheirresults,theywriteupamanuscript(手稿)andsendittoajournal.Editorsforwardthesubmittedmanuscriptstoatleasttwoexternalrefereeswhoareexpertinthetopic.Thesereviewerscansuggestthemanuscriptberejected,publishedasis,orsentbacktothescientistsformoreexperiments.(一旦研究人员对他们的结果有信心，他们就写一份手稿发送给杂志。编辑们将提交的手稿转交给至少两名担任该话题专家的外部审阅人。这些评论者可以建议拒绝手稿，按原样发表，或寄回科学家那里进行更多的实验。)”讲述了研究结果发布的过程，A项中的“Thatprocess”与上文提到的内容相符，因此推断A项“这个过程被称为‘同行评审’”符合语境。故选A。【18题详解】下文“Togetthewordoutfaster,scientistssometimespostresearchpapersonwhat’scalledapreprintserver.(为了更快地传播这个信息，科学家们有时会在所谓的预刊上发表研究论文)”可推断，有时发表论文需要时间比较长，B项中的“takesmonths”与之相符，“Peerreview”与上文的话题相符。B项“同行评审通常需要几个月的时间。”符合语境，与下文构成因果关系。故选B。【19题详解】上文“Ifit’sbeenmonthsandithasn’tyetbeenpublishedinthepeer-reviewedliterature,beveryskeptical.”介绍如果论文在预刊上已经几个月了，还没有在同行互审的期刊上发表，那这篇论文就很可疑。下文“DuringtheCOVID-19crisis,withresearchershurryingtounderstandadangerousnewvirusandrushingtodeveloplifesavingtreatments,preprintservershavebeenlitteredwithimmatureandunprovenscience.Demandingresearchstandardshavebeensacrificedforspeed.(在新冠疫情期间，研究人员急于了解一种危险的新病毒，并急于开发挽救生命的治疗方法，预刊上充斥着不成熟和未经证实的科学知识。为了速度，牺牲了严格的研究标准)”陈述为了速度牺牲了严格的行业标准，G项中的“maynotcomefromareliableinstitution”与上文的“skeptical”一致，G项“提交预印本的科学家可能不是来自可靠的机构。”符合语境，提到了可疑论文可能的原因，下文介绍新冠期间的例子继续说明科学家提交不可靠论文的原因。故选G。【20题详解】上文“Besmartlyawareofresearchpublishedinwhatarecalledpredatory(损人利己的)journals.(要明智地了解发表在所谓的损人利己期刊上的研究)”提到一些损人利己期刊发表的科学论文，下文“Papersfromanyofthethousandsofknownpredatoryjournalsshouldbetreatedwithstrongskepticism.(成千上万已知的损人利己的期刊中的任何一篇论文都应该受到强烈的怀疑。)”说明这些期刊上论文应该怀疑，F项“他们不会对手稿进行同行评议，他们向作者收取出版费用。”符合语境，其中的“they”指代上文的“predatory(损人利己的)journals”，“don’tpeer-reviewmanuscripts,andtheychargeauthorsafeetopublish”说明这些论文没有同行互审，向作者收取出版作品的费用，因此是值得怀疑，与下文相符。故选F。第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwasboundtotraveltenmilestopickupafamilyfromaspecificlocation.Atthemomenttheywereinmy___21___,Iwasawarethatthecouplehad___22___theseatbelts,butnotthekidstheyweretravelingwith.ThenIsteppedoutofthecarandopenedthe___23___tohandtheseatbeltstothekids.Theparentsrefusedmy___24___,inthattheywereinarush.I___25___themifIwasdeclined,thenwhatkindof___26___wasthatforthechildren.Theywereonlyatlessthantwokilometersdistancefromtheirhome,butthecabcompany’spoliciesandthestate___27___lawsaboutseatbeltsaremymain___28___becauseIknowIcansavemyselfandothersfromaccidents.Iassumedthatthekidsappeared___29___oftheirparents,fortheydidn’tprotestabit.Buttheyeventuallystruggledtousethebelts.Onthataccount,Ididnot____30____thisincidenttothecabcompany,giventhosekidsbehavedso____31____thattheydidn’tnecessarilypayfortheirparents’____32____.Itookgreatprideinthosekids,astheywerenotthatsortofpeopletheirparentswere.Thecompanyhasbeen____33____itssecuritypolicieswhichrequirethedrivertowatchoutforthepassengers’____34____aswellasprovidingexcellentservices.Icongratulatedthekidsontheirpresenceatallschoolclassestheyhadbeenattending,andInoticethattheschoolsystemworksalotbetterdaybydayforthosewho____35____theclasses.21.A.sight B.position C.vehicle D.charge22.A.loosened B.ignored C.discovered D.secured23.A.trunk B.window C.engine D.door24.A.signal B.offer C.response D.instruction25.A.reminded B.guaranteed C.comforted D.forgave26.A.victim B.witness C.phenomenon D.model27.A.civil B.education C.traffic D.1abour28.A.task B.concern C.target D.barrier29.A.aware B.fearful C.proud D.doubtful30.A.recommend B.connect C.refer D.owe31A.perfectly B.differently C.badly D.strangely32.A.disrespect B.misunderstanding C.unconcern D.humbleness33.A.adapting B.surveying C.making D.conducting34.A.manners B.discipline C.safety D.mood35.A.value B.provide C.reform D.improve【答案】21.C22.D23.D24.B25.A26.D27.C28.B29.B30.C31.A32.A33.D34.C35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者是一位出租车司机，讲述了自己在接客人的时候要求孩子系好安全带，家长不配合。作者希望家长做个好的榜样，遵纪守法。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们上了我的车时，我意识到这对夫妇系好了安全带，但他们的孩子没有。A.sight景象；B.position职位，位置；C.vehicle机动车辆；D.charge收费，起诉。根据上文“pickup”及“seatbelt”及第二段首“ThenIsteppedoutofthecar”可知，作者是开车接人，乘客上了他的车（vehicle）。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们上了我的车时，我意识到这对夫妇系好了安全带，但他们的孩子没有。A.loosened松开；B.ignored忽略，不理睬；C.discovered发现；D.secured绑好，确保安全。根据下文第三段首“ThenIsteppedoutofthecarandopenedthe___3___tohandtheseatbeltstothekids.（然后我下了车，打开车门，把安全带递给孩子们。）”可知，一开始家长是系好了（secured）安全带了，而孩子没有。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我下了车，打开车门，把安全带递给孩子们。A.trunk树干，后备箱；B.window窗户；C.engine发动机；D.door门。我应该是坐驾驶座，孩子坐后面乘客座。所以我下了车，打开后面乘客座的门，递给孩子安全带。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母拒绝了我的提议，因为他们很着急。A.signal信号；B.offer提议；C.response回应，回复；D.instruction指令。根据上文“…handtheseatbeltstothekids.”我主动递给孩子安全带，提出要求他们系好，及下文“inarush”可知，父母急着赶路，拒绝了我提出让孩子系安全带的要求，认为浪费时间。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我提醒他们，如果我被拒绝了，那对孩子们来说是个什么样的榜样。A.reminded提醒；B.guaranteed保证；C.comforted安慰；D.forgave宽恕。为人父母，应以身作则，遵守交通法规家长应该都知道的，我提醒他们，注意一下自己应该为孩子做个好的榜样。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我提醒他们，如果我被拒绝了，那对孩子们来说是个什么样的榜样。A.victim受害者；B.witness目击证人；C.phenomenon现象；D.model榜样。家长的行为就是孩子的榜样。故选D项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们离他们家只有不到两公里的距离，但是出租车公司的政策和州关于安全带的交通法律是我主要关心的，因为我知道我可以从事故中拯救自己和其他人。A.civil平民，公民的；B.education教育；C.traffic交通；D.1abour劳动。由空后“abouttheseatbelt”可知，关于座位安全带的法规应该是交通法规。故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们离他们家只有不到两公里的距离，但是出租车公司的政策和州关于安全带的交通法律是我主要关心的，因为我知道我可以从事故中拯救自己和其他人。A.task任务；B.concern关心；C.target目标靶子；D.barrier障碍。我作为出租车司机，公司制度和交通法规是我关心的事儿（concern）。故选B项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我猜想孩子们似乎害怕他们的父母，因为他们一点也没有抗议。A.aware意识到的；B.fearful害怕的；C.proud骄傲的；D.doubtful怀疑的。根据下文“fortheydidn’tprotestabit（他们一点也没抗议）”可以推知孩子害怕父母，很听话的样子。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，我没有把这件事告诉出租车公司，因为这些孩子表现得如此完美，他们不必为父母的不尊重付出代价。A.recommend推荐，建议；B.connect联系，连接；C.refer提交......处理，提及；D.owe欠，归功。乘客不系安全带，属于违规行为，我应该告知公司，可是鉴于孩子很配合，表现很好，所以我没有向公司报告此事儿。故选C项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，我没有把这件事告诉出租车公司，因为这些孩子表现得如此完美，他们不必为父母的不尊重付出代价。A.perfectly完美地；B.differently不同地；C.badly很差地，严重地；D.strangely奇怪地。根据上文“fortheydidn’tprotestabit.Buttheyeventuallystruggledtousethebelts.”孩子们没有抗议，费半天劲儿用了安全带，及下文“Itookgreatprideinthosekids”可知，我认为孩子们的表现很棒。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：出于这个原因，我没有把这件事告诉出租车公司，因为这些孩子表现得如此完美，他们不必为父母的不尊重付出代价。A.disrespect不尊重；B.misunderstanding误解；C.unconcern不关心；D.humbleness卑微，谦逊。根据上文“Theparentsrefusedmyoffer__”可知我主动递给孩子安全带，让孩子系好，父母拒绝了我的主动提出，应该是认为孩子不用绑安全带了，怪麻烦的。这是对法律和司机及生命安全的不尊重。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司一直在执行其安全政策，要求司机关注乘客的安全，并提供优质的服务。A.adapting适应，改编；B.surveying调查；C.making制造，使；D.conducting执行，主持。主语是company公司，宾语是itssecuritypolicies安全政策，应使用动词conduct（执行）。故选D项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司一直在执行其安全政策，要求司机关注乘客的安全，并提供优质的服务。A.manners礼仪；B.discipline纪律；C.safety安全；D.mood情绪。出租车公司会要求司机关注乘客的安全。故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我祝贺孩子们在他们上过的所有学校班级里的表现，我注意到对于那些重视课堂的人来说，学校的教育体系一天比一天好。A.value重视；B.provide提供；C.reform改革；D.improve改进，提高。此处表示孩子们表现很好，应该是在学校好好学习了，应该是很重视课堂，认真学习的。故选A项。第二节(共10小题；每小题分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ShanghaiCultureSquare(SCS)onMarch24announcedtheplansfortheperformingyear2023,whi