高中英语高考一轮复习一轮复习 一轮复习 定语从句 学案

定语从句定义：修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。所修饰的名词或代词为先行词。例句：ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.我正在读的这本书是托马斯·哈代写的。ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.树后面的那个女孩是凯特。Thisisthesuitcasethatsheislookingfor.这是她正在找的手提箱。TherearetimeswhenIwonderwhyIdothisjob.有时候我也不明白自己为什么做这份工作。构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句（关系词的作用：①连接主句和从句②指代先行词③在从句中充当成分）关系词：关系词可分为：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose，as关系副词:when,where,why关系代词的具体用法如下：连词主句中的先行词在从句中充当的成分who指人主/宾语whom指人宾语whose指人或物定语（该词后要跟名词）that指人或物主/宾语which指物主/宾语as指人/物主/宾语例句：I’vegotanovelthat/whichyoumayliketoread.Ihavenoideaaboutthemanwho/thatwrotethearticle.Ilikethehousewhosewindowfacessouth.Doyouknowthenameofthatgirlwhosebrotherisyourroommate?【注意】关系代词which与that的用法当先行词有不定代词，all,something,much,little,everything,none等修饰或本身就是不定代词的时候，一定要使用关系代词“that”例：Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.当先行词有形容词的最高级修饰时，一定要用“that”例：ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.当先行词前出现序数词，一定用“that”.例：ThisisthefirsttrainthatwillgotoChicago.当先行词被theonly,thevery,anyfew,little,no等词修饰时，一定要使用关系代词“that”例：Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.先行词既是人又是物时，用“that”例：Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadvisitedinthecity.在who或which引导的特殊问句中，限制性定语从句必须用“that”引导。例：Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere.当从句中的介词提前时，且先行词是物时，只用which，不用“that”区别：1，Thisisahousethat/whichLuxunoncelivedin.→ThisisahouseinwhichLuxunoncelived.2,Thepoormanneedssomemoneythat/whichhecanbuyfoodwith.→Thepoormanneedssomemoneywithwhichtobuyfood.【对应练习】单句语法填空Thefirstthing_________youshoulddoiscallthepolicerightaway.Thisisthemostdeliciousfood________Ihaveeverhad.All__________canbedonehasbeendone.Tellmeeverything_______youknow.Pleasesendusanyinformation_______youhaveaboutthesubject.Theonlything________shecoulddowasgotothepoliceforhelp.Thisistehverybook________Iwanttobuy.Soemtimesweshouldignorethepersonsandthings__________upsetus.Whichodthebooks___________youboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?【巩固练习】写出下列各句中的定语从句的先行词、关系词。Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.()ThemanwhosefatherIhavetalkedtoisJack.()Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.()Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.()Theycanchoosesomethingthattheylike.()Thearmyorganisedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.()Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.()Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehaslenttohisfriend.()填上适当的关系代词。ACD-ROMisaseparatedisk______________containslotsofinformation.Thisisthesuitcase____________sheislookingfor.Thenumberofthepeople____________cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Weareconcernedaboutthepeople__________havesufferedalotintheearthquake.Dannywastheman__________werescuedfromtheruins.Roseistheperson___________youshouldcareabout.Isthatthegirl________youspokeoftheotherday?Iknowtheperson________housewastotallydestroyedintheearthquake.Helivedinahouse_________wallsandroofhadpartlycollapsed.关系副词的用法：IcannotforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.我不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。Theyexplainedtellherthereasontouswhytheyhadmisunderstoodusbefore.他们向我们解释了他们以前误会了我们的原因。Thisisthehousewheretheylivedago.这是他们以前住过的房子。【归纳】关系副词在从句中所作成分所修饰的先行词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语表时间的名词：time,moment,day,month,year,period等where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语表地点的名词：place,house,city,country等；表抽象地点的名词：point,case,position,condition,situation等why指原因或理由，在定语从句中作原因状语表原因的名词：reason【注意】关系副词when,where,why可相当于“介词+which”：when=(in,at,during....)+whichwhere=(at,on...)+whichwhy=forwhich例句：Thisisthetownwhere/inwhichIwasborn.这就是我出生的城镇。Thesearethereasonswhy/forwhichwedoit.这些就是我们这样做的原因。Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen/onwhichhisfatherreturnedfromBeijing.他将一直记得父亲从北京返回的那一天。【对应练习】语法填空Wewillneverforgettheday__________weflewatanaltitudeof6000metersinthesky.Let’smeetattherestaurant___________wehaddinnertogetherlasttime!Wearelivinginanage________manythingsaredoneontheInternet.Finally,wegottothefactory___________manymobilephonesofhighqualitywereproduced.Thereason_______hecamesoearlyishisownaffair.Therewasatime__________peoplemayhaveleftawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities_________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.I’vereachedapointinmylife____________Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.Tomakeusmoreawareofthemoments,wejustneedtositdownintheeveningandwritedownthemoments__________wefeelhappy.Lifeislikealongrace_________wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.【综合练习】Thisisthefactory__________Ivisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactory___________heusedtowork.Doyoustillrememberthedays_________wespentinthecountryside?Doyoustillrememberthedays__________westayedtogether?Thisisthemuseum________wasbuiltlastyear.Thisisthemuseum_________theexhibitionwasheldyesterday.Theirchildisatthestage___________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Self-drivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamesta