汽车英语 二单元

Unit2Engine2-1Four-CylinderInlineGasolineEngine

直列四缸汽油机图2-1A-rearofengine发动机后面B-frontofengine发动机前面1-VVTcontroller=variablevalvetimingcontroller可变配气正时调节器2-cylinderheadcover气门室罩3-oilfillercap加机油口罩4-camshaft凸轮轴5-throttlebody节气门体6-O2S=oxygensensor氧传感器（可用O2S，但汽车界常用o2s）7-catalyticconverter催化转化器8-balanceshaft平衡轴9-oilpan油底壳10-oilstrainer机油滤清器11-oilpump机油泵12-camshafttimingsprocket凸轮轴正时链轮13-timingchain正时链条14-timingchaincover正时链条罩15-ignitioncoilwithigniter带点火器的点火线圈COP=coil-on-plug装在火花塞的点火线圈16-cylinderhead缸盖，气缸盖17-oildipstick机油尺18-exhaustgasmanifold排气歧管19-outletspout出水管20-thermostat节温器21-jacket水套22-cylinderblock缸体，气缸体

23-intakeairmanifold进气歧管24-injector喷油器本课新单词1、balance平衡，均衡2、block块，气缸体3、camshaft凸轮轴4、cap帽子；保护套5、chain链，锁链6、coil线圈，绕组7、controller控制器；管理者8、cover盖子，封面，覆盖物9、cylinder气缸10、dipstick量油尺11、exhaust排气12、filler填充料；掺入物13、gas气体，汽油14、gasoline汽油15、igniter点火器16、ignition点火，点燃17、injector喷油器18、inline直列式（的）19、intake吸入，进气20、jacket套，水套21、oil机油，润滑油22、outlet出口23、oxygen氧，氧气24、pan盘，盘状容器25、plug塞，火花塞26、rear后部，背27、spout管口28、sprocket链轮29、strainer过滤器；滤网30、thermostat恒温（调节）器31、throttle油门，节气门32、timing正时，定时33、variable变化的，可变的阅读材料TheInlineEngine

Weallknowtheengineistheheartoftheautomobile.Whatisthecoreoftheengine?Yes,it’sthecylinder.Mostcarshavemorethanonecylinder(four,six,eightcylindersarecommon).Inamulti–cylinderengine，thecylinderusuallyarearrangedinoneofthreeways:inline,Vorflat.Inaninlineengine,thecylindersarearrangedinalineinasinglebank.Theinlinearrangementisthesimplestandmostcommononeandhasmanyadvantages.First,theenginehasagoodstabilityandmorepower.Second,thestructuresofthecylinderblockandcrankshaftareverysimpleandtheyshareonlyonecylinderhead.Thecosttomanufactureandinstallisless.Becauseoftheseadvantages,BWMandalsomanyAmericancarmanufacturesliketousetheinlinecylinderengine.ThiskindofengineiswidelyusedinthecarsmadeinChina.生词短语注解：1、advantage优点，优势2、arrange排列安排3、arrangement排列，安排4、automobile汽车5、bank（一）组，（一）列6、core核（心），中心部分7、flat平坦的，平直的8、heart心脏9、manufacture制造，加工10、power动力11、share共享，分享12、structure结构2-2BasicTermsOfanEngine

发动机基本术语TDC=topdeadcenter上止点BDC=bottomdeadcenter下止点E=exhaustport排气口I=intakePort/inletPort进气口S=pistonstroke，pistontravel活塞行程Sk=pistonclearancefromTDC活塞离上止点距离Ss=Portheight孔口高度r=crankradius曲柄半径Φ=crankangle，crankshaftangle曲柄角Vf=chargevolume每缸充气体积（二冲程）Vh=sweptvolumeofacylinder/pistondisplacement/displacementof(one)cylinder气缸工作体积，每缸排量Vc=combustionchamber（space）volume燃烧室容积Vc+Vh=cylindertotalvolume气缸总容积（Vc+Vh）/Vc=compressionratio压缩比本课新单词1、basic基本的，基础的2、bottom底部，末端3、center中心，中央4、chamber室，腔，燃烧室5、charge充气，充电6、combustion燃烧7、compression压缩8、crank曲柄，曲轴9、crankshaft曲轴10、dead死的，停止的11、displacement置换，位移12、inlet进口，入口13、inner内部的，里面的14、outer外部的，远离中心的15、piston活塞16、radius半径17、ratio比，比率18、stroke行程，冲程，升程19、swept打扫，扫过，掠过20、term术语21、top顶部，顶端22、travel行程，移动，行进23、volume体积，容量阅读材料MainTermsTherearetermsindescribingtheoperationsofanautomobileengine.Let’sseesomebasicterms.Strokereferstopistonmovement.Astrokeoccurswhenthepistonmovesfromoneextremepositiontotheotherextremepositioninsidetheengine

cylinder.ThehighestpositionthatpistonreachesinsidethecylinderiscalledTDC(topdeadcenter).Similarly,thelowestpositionthatthepistonreachesinsidethecylinderiscalledBDC(bottomdeadandcenter).SowecanalsosayastrokeispistonmovementfromTDCtoBDCorviceversa.Duringtheinductionstroke,thevolumeofair/fuelmixturetofillasinglecylinderissweptbythepiston.Thisvolumeiscalledthesweptvolume.Duringthecompressionstroke,thesweptvolumeiscompressedintoasmallspaceabovethepiston.Andatthistime,thepistonreachesthetopofthecylinder.Thespaceiscalledastheclearancevolume.Theclearancevolumeandthesweptvolumedeterminethecompressionratio.Generally,ahighcompressionratioisgoodforperformanceandefficiency.生词短语注解：

1、describe描写，叙述2、determine决定，确定3、efficiency效率，功效4、extreme尽头的，极端的5、generally通常，一般的6、highest最高的（high的最高级）7、induction（发动机）进气，吸气8、lowest最低的（low）的最高级）9、mixture混合物10、occur发生，出现11、performance性能12、position位置13、similarly同样地，类似于14、vice代替15、becalledas被称作16、from…to…从……到……17、refer…to…提到，涉及18、viceversa反之亦然2-3Four-StrokeEngine

四冲程发动机A-intakestroke/suctionstroke进气冲程Theintakevalveisopenwhiletheexhaustvalveisclose.进气门开启而排气门关闭。B-compressionstroke/compressiontravel压缩冲程Boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesareclose.进气门和排气门均关闭C-powerstoke/combustionstroke/workingstroke/firingstroke/firingstroke/expansionstroke膨胀（做功）冲程Boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesareclose.进气门和排气门均关闭D-exhauststroke排气冲程Theintakevalveisclosewhilethe

exhaustvalveisopen.进气门关闭而排气门开启IV=intakevalve进气门EV=exhaustvalve排气门本课新单词1、close关，关闭2、expansion膨胀3、firing点（发）火，点燃4、open开的，断开的；打开，开启5、suction吸入，吸气，进气6、work工作，运转

Four-StrokeEngineCycleThefourstrokewasfirstinventedbyNikolausAugust(1832-1891)in1876,soitisalsoknownastheOttocycle.Thefourstrokeengineisprobablythemostcommonenginetypenowadays.Itpowersalmostallcarsandtrucks.Thefourstrokesofthecycleareintake，compression，power，andexhaust.Tocompletethefullcycleittakestworevolutionsofthecrankshaft.A4-Strokegasolineengineuses“internal”combustion。TheintakeStrokestartswiththeexhaustvalveclosed，theinletvalveopening，andthepistonatitshighestpoint，topdeadcenter。Itstartstomovedown，increasingthevolumeabovethetopofthepiston。Thismakespressureinsidethecylinderlowerthanthepressureoutside。Thishigheroutsideairpressureforcestheair-fuelmixtureintothecylinder。Thepistonreachesbottomdeadcenter，theinletvalvecloses，andtheintakeStrokeends。Bothintakeandexhaustvalvesstayclosedasthepistonleavesbottomdeadcenter。Thepistonmovesup，whichcompressionthevolumeoftheair-fuelmixture。Thatcausestheair/fuelchargestemperaturetorise，andthatmakesignitioneasierandcombustion（burningoffuel）morecomplete。Justbeforethepistonreachestopdeadcenter，ignitionoccurs。Theairexpandinginthecylinderpushesthepistondownthecylinder。ThisisthepowerStrokethatdrivestheengine。Thepistonnowmovesfrombottomdeadcentertotopdeadcenter。Theexhaustvalveopens，andthepistonpushesouttheleftovergases。Let’slookatacomplete4-Strokecycle：Intake——takesinair-fuelmixture。Compression——squeezestheair-fuelmixtureintoasmallerandsmallervolume。Power——themixtureunderpressureisignited。TheAir-fuelmixtureisburning。Expandinggasespushthepistondowncreatingapowerstroke。Exhaust——thepistonmovesupward，forcingburnedgasesoutofthecylinder。生词短语注解：1、burning燃烧的2、complete完成3、create创造，创作4、cycle周期，循环5、force迫使，促使6、increase增加，增大7、internal内部的8、invent发明，创造9、leave离开10、leftover剩余物，残余物11、probably大概，可能12、push推，推动13、revolution旋转14、rise上升，升高15、squeeze挤，挤压16、temperature温度17、beknownas以……著称18、movedown往下移动19、moveup往上移动20、NikolausAugustOtto（1832-1891）尼克劳斯。奥古斯特，奥托（德国机械工程师，第一台四冲程内燃机的制造者）21、Ottocycle奥托循环2-4TheComponentsofacylinderHead

气缸盖零部件图2-41、5、8、21、25—bolt螺栓2—oilfillercapseal加机油口高密封垫3—oilfillercap加机油口盖4—enginetrinecover发动机装饰罩6—camshaftcover（CM/SHFCVR)凸轮轴7—camshaftcovergasket气门是盖密封垫9—EGRvalveEGR阀，排气再循环环阀10—bearingcapCAP，CM/SHFBRGRER=rearcamshaftbearingcap凸轮轴后盖承盖11—EGRvalveseatringEGR阀密封圈12—EGRvalveadapterEGR阀转接器13—cylinderhead（HEAD，CYL）气缸盖14—intakevalve进气门15、—exhaustmanifoldheatshield排气歧管隔热罩16、cylinderheadgasket气缸盖衬垫17、exhaustmanifold（EXHMANIF）排气歧管18、exhaustmanifoldgasket排气歧管垫19、stud螺栓20、exhaustvalve（EXHVLV）排气门22、thermostathousing节温器壳体23、thermostathousinggasket节温器壳体衬垫24、plug塞子26、camshaftpositionsensor凸轮轴位置传感器27、oilgalleryplug机油油道孔塞28、sleeve套管29、frontbearingcap前轴承盖30、exhaustcamshaft排气凸轮轴31、sealring密封圈32、camshaftgear凸轮轴齿轮33、washer垫圈34、camshaftgearbolt凸轮轴齿轮螺栓35、intakecamshaft（INICM/ＳＨＦ）进气凸轮轴36、frontbearingcapbolt前轴承盖螺栓37、cylinderheadbolt（ＢＯＬＴ，ＣＹＬＨＤ）气缸盖螺栓38、tappetadjuster挺柱间隙调节器valvelifter（ＬＩＦＴＥＲ，ＶＬＶ）气门液压挺柱39、valvekey（KEY，VLVSTEM）气门锁片40、valvespringcap气门弹簧盖41、valvespring（SPRING，VLV）气门弹簧42、valvestemseal（SEAL，VLVSTEMOIL）

气门油封43、valvespringseat气门弹簧座44、valveguide(GUIDE,VLV)气门导管45、46、valveseatring气门座圈47、intakemanifold（INIMANIF）气门歧管48、intakemanifoldgasket进气歧管衬垫49、throttlebodygasket节气门体衬垫50、nut螺母51、throttlebody节气门体本课新单词：1、adjuster调节器2、bearing轴承3、bolt螺栓4、component组成部分，部件，元件5、EGR=exhaustgasrecirculation废气再循环6、gallery道，油道7、gasket衬垫8、gear齿轮，（变速器）挡9、guide导向装置，（配气机构）导管10、heat热，热量11、housing外壳，外罩12、key键，锁片13、lifter挺柱14、nut螺母15、ring环状物，圆圈16、seal密封17、shield护罩，防护物18、sleeve套管，套筒19、spring弹簧20、stem阻止，封堵21、stud螺栓22、tappet挺柱，挺杆23、washer垫圈，垫片，洗涤器阅读材料：CylinderHead

Thecylinderheadfastenstothetopoftheblock，justasaroofofahouse。Theundersideformsthecombustionchamberwiththetopofthepiston。Thecylinderheadcarriesthevalves，andithasportstoallowair，fuel，andexhaustmovethroughtheengine。Likethecylinderblock，theheadismadefromeithercastironoraluminumalloy。Thecylinderheadisattachedtotheblockwithhigh-tensilesteelstuds。Thejointbetweentheblockandtheheadmustbegas-tightsothatnoneoftheburningmixturecanescape。Thus，agasketisused。Headgasketsaremadeofthinsheets

ofsoftmetalorofasbestosandmetal，Gasketsarealsousedtosealjointsbetweenotherparts，suchasbetweentheoilpan，manifolds，orwaterpumpandtheblock。生词短语注解：1、alloy合金2、aluminium铝3、asbestos石棉4、attach附着，连接5、cast浇铸，浇造6、escape排除，逸出7、fasten固定，紧固8、form形成，构成9、gas-tight不漏气的，耐气构成的10、iron铁11、joint接缝，结合点12、metal金属13、roof顶，顶部14、sheet薄板，（一）片（张）15、soft软的，柔软的16、steel钢，钢铁17、tensile抗拉的，张力的18、thin薄的，微薄的19、underside下面，内面20、beattachedto附着的，连接到，固定在……上21、bemadefrom由……制成22、between…and…在……和……之间（两者之间）

2-5LubricationSystem

润滑系统图2-51—oilpressureswitch油压开关2—mainoilgallery主油道3—oilfilter/lubricationoilfilter机油滤清器4—oilcooler机油冷却器airoilcooler风冷式机油冷却器5—reliefvalve限（释）压阀6—suctionstrainer吸入口滤网oilstrainer机油收集器pickuppipeandscreen吸入管和滤网7—oilpump机油泵本课新单词：1、cooler冷却器

2、filter滤清器，过滤器3、gallery道，通道4、lubrication润滑，注油5、pickup拾起，获得6、relief减压，解除，释放7、screen屏，屏幕阅读材料：EnginelubricationSystem

Theenginehasmanymovingparts。Thepurposeofthelubricationsystemistosupplylubricate，theoiltoallthemovingpartsoftheengine。Atthesametime，thesystemseparatestheirsurfaces，reducesfrictionandactsasacoolantanddetergent。Thelubricationsystemincludesthefollowingparts：theoilpan，oilpump，mainoilgalleries，oilfilters，oilpressurereliefvalves，oilcoolerandoilsensors。Thepurposeoftheoilpanistoholdtheexcessoilduringoperationandnon-runningconditions。Theoilpumpistodeliveringanadequatevolumeofoilaroundtheengineatasuitablepressure。Theoilpumpoperatesallthetimewhentheengineisrunning

。Oilfilterisusedtofilterandcleanthedirtparticlesgettingintotheoilwhentheengineruns。Apressureregulatorvalveisusedtokeepthepressurewithintheoilsystemataconstantmaximumvalve。Theoilcoolerhelpstokeeptheoilcool。Oilpressuresensorsareusedtoindicatetherightamountofpressureoftheoilsystem。

生词短语注解：1、act担任，充当2、adequate适当的，足够的3、condition情况，状态4、constant不变的，持续的5、coolant冷却液，散热剂6、detergent清洁剂，去垢剂7、dirt污垢，尘土8、excess超过，超额9、friction摩擦，摩擦力10、indicate指示，显示11、lubricant润滑剂12、particle微粒13、reduce减少，降压14、regulator分开的，分离的15、separate适当的，相应的16、suitable供给，提供17、supply值，价值18、actas充当，起……作用19、allthetime一直19、non-runningcondition

非运行状态2-6DieselEngineFuelSystem

柴油机燃油系统图2-6A—in-linefuelinjectionpump直列式喷油泵B—distributorfuelinjectionpump分配式喷油泵1—fueltank燃油箱2—governor调速箱3—fuel-supplypump输油泵4—fuelinjectionpump/injectionpump喷油泵multi-cylinderfuelinjectionpump凸轮式喷油泵4a—in–linefuelinjectionpump直列式喷油泵multi-cylinderfuelinjectionpump多缸喷油泵4b—distributorfuelinjectionpump分配式喷油泵5—injectiontimingdevice喷射正