反义疑问句与情态动词

新目标高中语法之反意疑问句与情态动词一、前面句子为肯定时，后面反意问句用否定。反，前面句子为否定时，后面句子用肯定。Eg:Hecan'tswim,canhe?注：当前面句子中有no/never/seldom/hardly/few/littlenowhere/nothing等否定意义的副词出现时，反意问句应用肯定。但如果前面句子中有加前缀或后缀后，而表示否定意义的词时(如careless,impossible等时)，反意问句应用否定。Eg:1)Heseldomgoestoseeafilm,?2)Heisalwayscareless,?二、当前面句子中有have(has/had)to时，反意问句应用do的相应的形式。Eg:Theyhadtoleaveearly,?三、当前面句子中有usedto时，后面应用usedn’t…或didn’t…eg:Heusedtoliveinthecountryside,?四、当前面句子中有oughtto时，应用oughtn't…五、当前面句子中，有must时，在must表示推测时，不用mustn't,而根据句子所表示的时态来确定。Eg:1)Youmustbetired,?Hemusthavedoneitlastnight,?TommusthavebeentoShanghaibefore,?.在must表示禁止时，应用mustn't.eg:Youmustn;twalkongrass,?.在must表示有必要时，应用needn't.eg:Youmustgohomerightnow,?六、当前面句子的主语是everyone/everybody/nobody/one/none等不定代词时，反意问句的主语应用they;当前面句子的主语是something/everything/nothing等不定代词时，反意问句的主语应用比七、当主句为祁使句时，一般情况：1)肯定的祁使句：willyou/won'tyou?a)表示要求某人做某事时：willyou?b)表示征求某人意见时：won'tyou?2)否定的祁使句：willyou?特例：Letusgooutforawalk,?Let’sgooutforawalk,?八、当主句存在否前移时，反意问句应根据从句的时态、人称，主句的肯否定。Eg:Idon’tthinkhecanfinishhishomeworkintime,?情态动词一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答1.NeedI/he/…？1.Yes,you/he/…must.（不用need）."MustI/he/…？--No,you/he/…needn't/don't（doesn't,won't）haveto.（不用mustn’t）.”-MayI/he/…?“No,you/he/…mustn't.（少用maynot）4.."Could（Can）you…？“Yes,Ican（不用could）51ShallI/she/he…?--No,you（she,he）needn't/can't/mustn't二、情态动词表“推测”.can,may,must使用的句式：1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定"意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn't表“不可能”意，maynot/mightnot表“也许不、可能不”意。3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。.对目前状态的推测：1)must/may/might/can/could+be+表语例如：Shemustbeateacher.她肯定是老师。Shecan’t/couldn’tbeadoctor.她肯定不是医生。Hemaynot/mightnotbeadoctor.他可能不是医生。2)must/may/might/can/couldH—^些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belongto等)例如：Shemusthaveherowncar,forshehasalotofmoney.Thatkindofbirdmayliveinthevalleys..对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：句式：must/may/might/can/could+bedoing例如：Theymustbewaitingforus.他们肯定正在等我们。Shemay/mightbedoingherhomework.她可能正在做作业。Can/Couldhebeplayingfootball?他会正在踢足球吗？4.对已发生的事情进行推测：句式：must/may/might/can/could+havedone例如：There'snoligntintheroom.Theymusthavegonetobed./Sheknowsnothingaboutthefilm.Shecan't/couldn'thaveseenit./Can/Couldhehavebeenadoctor?/Hemay/might(not)havebeenateacher./TheymusthavebeenwatchingTVatninelastnight./Can/CouldshehavestayedinBeijinglastyear?注意：willhavedone句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。例如：Hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematics,forheknowsalotaboutit.他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。三、"情态动词+havedone”用法1.should/oughtto+havedone,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。例如：Youshouldhavecomeherealittleearlier./Ioughttohavesenthimtoschool./2.shouldn't/oughtn'tto+havedone,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。例如：Youshouldn'thavewateredtheflower./IoughtiJttohavescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.3.mighthavedone,意“过去可能做"；couldhavedone意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。例如：HemighthavegonetoNanjingwithProfessorWang.lastweek,buthewasill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。Wecouldhavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法.“肯定祈使句+附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won'tyou形式。例如：Standstill,will/would/won'tyou?.“否定祈使句+附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/wouldyou形式。例如：Don'twatchTV,will/wouldyou?.Let's…，shallwe?;Letus…，will/won'tyou?.含有must句子的反意问句1)must表示"必须”时，附加部分常用needn't,也可用mustn't.例如：Hemustgowithyou,needi?t/mustn'the?2）mustn‘t表"一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：Shemustn,tleave,mayshe?3）must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：A.Hemustbeanengineer,isn‘the?Theymustbewritingnow,aren,tthey?（这类句子问句前部分含“mustbe…”或“mustbedoing…"。）B.Shemusthaveacar/livethere,doesn‘tshe?C.Hemusthaveseenthefilm,hasn,the？（这类句子问句前部分的谓语为musthavedone,句子无具体过去时间状语。）D.Hemusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didr?the?（这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为musthavedone,句子有具体过去时间状语。）E.Mothermusthavebeenshoppingthen,wasn‘tshe?（前面部分谓语为musthavebeendoingo）.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。例如：Shemayhavefinishedherhomework,hasn‘tshe?五、几组词语辨析.must与haveto:must强调说话者的主观看法，haveto强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn,t或don,t/didn,t/won,thaveto,不能用mustn,to.can/could与beableto:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，beableto可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成（或没做成）”要用was/were（not）ableto,而不用could（not）o例如：Heworkedhard,buthewasn'tabletopasstheexam..will,would,usedto:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fishwilldieoutofwater./SheJllsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：Hewouldwalkbytheriverinthemorning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说Hewouldbelateforschoollastyear.③usedto表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：Heusedtogetupearly.Heusedtobelateforschool.一、反意疑问句练习IfyouwanttolearnaboutLiuXiang,letmeknow,you?A.don,t B.will C.shall D.doMrs.Blackdoesn,tbelievesomanypeoplearesufferingfromthistsunami,?A.aren,tthey B.aretheyC.doesn,tshe D.doessheIdon'tthinkhecouldhavedonesuchastupidthinglastnight,?A.doI B.couldhe C.didhe D.hashe WhyisTomabsent?—Hemustbesick,?A.isn'the B.musthe C.ishe D.mustn,theIt,sthefirsttimethatshehasbeentotheUnitedStates,?A.isn,tshe B.isn,titC.hasn,tshe D.hasn,titWhenthedisasterstruck,manypeoplehadnotimetoescapebeingkilled,?A.didn,tthey B.didtheyC.didit D.didn,titNowadaysinChinasomeofficersareunfitfortheirpositions,?A.arethey B.aren,ttheyC.don,tthey D.dotheyProtectingtheSouthChinatigerfromdyingouttakesalongtime,?A.doesn,tit B.don,ttheyC.doesit D.dotheyYou,dbetterfindsomeinformationaboutNike's“ChamberofFear”advertisement,?A.wouldn,tyou B.hadyouC.hadn’tyou D.shouldyouMoststudentsusedtolistentotheirteachersinclassandcompletelyobeytheirteachers,'A.usedthey B.weren,ttheyC.didn,tthey D.didtheyIamveryexcitedtoknow"S.H.E.”isgoingtosingattheCCTVSpringFestivalSoiree,?A.aren,tI B.amnotIC.aren,tyou D.areyouIwishalltheChinesecitizenstoremembertheNanjingMassacreforever,?A.don,tI B.canI C.mayI D.mayyouLet'stakeactiontogethertomakeourcitymorebeautiful,?A.won,twe B.don,twe C.shallwe D.won,tyouThere,snotmuchnewsaboutthemissingmountainclimbersintoday,snewspaper,?A.isn,tit B.isit C.isn,tthereD.isthereSoyoudon,twanttoenterforthe2005collegeentranceexamination,?A.don,tyou B.doyouC.won,tyou D.willyouWhataterribletsunami,?A.aren,tthey B.aretheyC.isn,tit D.isitEveryonewillbelieveNewFIFAWorldFootballerRonaldinhoisafighteragainstracism,'A.willhe B.won,teveryoneC.won,the D.willtheyTherescueteammusthavesearchedforthemissingvisitorstwodaysago,?A.mustn,tthey B.haven,ttheyC.didn,tthey D.hadn,ttheySomethingaboutstoppingthestrikewillhavetobedone,?A.won,tit B.willit C.hasit D.doesit二、情态动词练习Ididn,tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn,thavespoken B.shouldn,thavespokenC.needn,thavespoken D.couldn,thavespokenOneoughtforwhatonehasn'tdone.A.nottobepunished B.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunished D.notbepunishedIfyoureallywantyourselftobeingoodhealth,youmustalwayssomuch.A.not;besmoking B.not;havesmokedC.not;tosmoke D.benot;smokingWithsomuchworkonhand,youtoseethegamelastnight.A.mustn,tgoB.shouldn,tgoC.couldn,thavegoneD.shouldn,thavegoneMostofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty.Theysaythatitbetterorganized.A.hadbeenB.hadtobeC.musthavebeenD.couldhavebeenI,msurprisedthatheintheexam.A.shouldfailB.wouldhavefailedC.mayhavefailedD.shouldhavefailedThelittlegirltherealone.A.notdaregoB.daresnotgoC.darenotgoD.darenottogo“Mustwedoitnow?”“No,you.”A.won’t B.needn,t C.canyt D.don,tHesaidhewouldrathernotitrightnow.A.doingB.todo C.do D.tobedoingYOutothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.needn,ttocomeB.don,tneedcomeC.don,tneedcomingD.needn,tcomePutonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.can B.could C.would D.mustIplayfootballthanbaseball.A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.preferIthoughtyoulikesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.may B.might C.could D.mustTherewasplentyoftimes.She.A.mustn'thavehurried B.couldn'thavehurriedC.mustnothurry D.needn,thavehurriedTheplantisdead.Iitmorewater.A.willgiveB.wouldhavegivenC.mustgiveD.shouldhavegivenYoureturnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can,t B.mustn,t C.needn,t D.maynotIt,sstillearly,you.A.mustn,thurry B.wouldn,thurry C.maynothurry D.don,thavetohurryPleaseopenthewindow,?A.can,tyou B.aren,tyou C.doyou D.willyouWeforherbecauseshenevercame.A.mustn,thavewaited B.shouldn,thavewaitedC.mustn,twait D.needn,twait—MayIstophere?—No,you.A.mustn,t B.mightnot C.needn,t D.won,tIt,safineday.Let,sgofishing,.A.won,twe B.willwe C.don'twe D.shallweIdidn,tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn,thavespoken B.shouldn,thavespokenC.needn,thavespoken D.couldn,thavespoken—Pleasedon,tmakeanoise.—.I’llbeasquietasamouse.A.Yes,Iwoift B.No,Iwon,t C.No,IwillD.Yes,IwillTheyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathenothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.A.could B.must C.would D.should—WhereisJohn?—Heinthelibrary.A.shouldbe B.mustbe C.canbe D.musthavebeenSincetheroadiswetthismorning,lastnight.A.itmustrain B.itmustberainingC.itmusthaverained D.itmusthavebeenrain-Willyourbrotherstayhometonight?—I'mnotquitesure.Hetothecinematonight.A.mustgo B.cango C.maygo D.maybegoingShe,salreadytwohourslate.Whattoher?A.canhavehappened B.mayhavehappenedC.shouldhavehappened D.musthappen

Youmustbeawriter,?A.mustn,tyou B.areyouC.mustyou D.aren,tyouIgotupearlythatmorning,butIsobecauseIhadnoworktodo.A.mustn,thavedone B.didn,tneedtodoD.can'thavedoneC.needn,thavedoneD.can'thavedoneHehavecomehereyesterday,buthedidnft.D.alltheaboveD.hadtoD.alltheaboveD.hadtoD.bothAandBImissedthelastbus,soIgohomeonfoot.A.must B.haveto C.mayHeoughttowinthefirstprize,he?A.oughtn,t B.shouldn,tC.mustn'tEveryonedohisbestforthemodernizationsofourcountry.C.shouldD.mightC.shallweD.doyouC.shouldD.mightC.shallweD.doyouC.shallweD.doyouLet,scleanourclassroom,A.willyou B.don,tweLetusplaybasketball,?A.willyou B.don,tweHeaskedmeforthisbookmanytimes.Pleasetellhimthathehaveittomorrow.A.must B.may C.shall D.bothBandC“Yourphonenumberagain?Iquitecatchit”“It,s9568442.”A.didn,t B.couldn,t C.don,t D.can,tMotherusstorieswhenwewerechildren.A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotellingShewouldrathermoremoneyonbooksonclothes.A.cost.・・not B.tospare.・・don,t C.pay.・・thanD.spend・・・thanD.don,thaveto=needn'tD.will用在第二人称的疑问句中，为询问（或征求）对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。B.shouldnothavedone表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。A.may开头的疑问句，否定答语常用mustn't。D.疑问句中shall用于第一、三人称，用来征询对方的意见。D.推测“她不可能在会上发言"，must表示推测时，不能用于否定句中。B.will在此处表示“意志（向）”。D.shouldnothavedone表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。B.mustdo表示对现在的事实进行推测。C.musthavedone用于对过去发生的事情进行推测，且较有把握。C.表示推测时，must比may语气肯定。A.can表推测，只用于否定句和疑问句中。D.must表示推测时，其后的反意问句有两种情况：①对现存状态（现在的事实）进行推测时，反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时，若有表过去的时间状语，反意问句用动词的过去式。C.needn’thavedone表示“过去不必做而做了某事”，若表示“不必做某事（且实际上未做）”则用“didn,t/don't/doesn,tneedto.”D.A表示“本能够”，B,C表“本应该”。D.haveto表示客观上要求做某事