北美交通信号控制系统

TrafficSignalControlSystems

北美交通信号控制系统

TheNorthAmericaPracticeAboutRenoandUNROutline主要内容Majortrafficflowandsignalcontrolcharacteristics-USAvs.China(中美交通流特性及信号控制）Signalcoordinationanddemo(信号协调实例演示）3TrafficFlowCharacteristics

中美交通流特性对比4Lowusageofpublictransportation公共交通低利用率Highusagepublictransport公共交通高利用率高USAChinaAutomobileisdominant小汽车为主Mixedflowwithhigh%pedestriansandbicycles混合车流，行人自行车高比例Easyaccesstofreeway

高速免费，穿过市区Tolledfreewayoutsidecityboundary高速收费，城市外围shortpeakperiod短高峰peakthroughouttheday长高峰????IntersectionCharacteristics

交叉口特性IntheU.S.,thereareabout300,000signals(1per1,000population).InChina,thereareabout50,000in2010withapproximately5,000peryeargrowth.MostsignalizedintersectionsinChinaarehighlycongestedwithheavypedestrianandbicyclevolumes.Fixedtime(China)vs.actuated(US)UnsignalizedintersectionsaremostlyuncontrolledinChina.PedestrianIssues(行人问题)Safetyvs.Efficiency(安全与效率)Pedestriancrossingissparseatsignals(信号交叉口行人稀少）Mustaccommodatepedestriantiming

(行人过街时间必须保证)Pedestrianshavehigherpriority(行人优先)PedestrianSignalPolicyandUniformity

政策与规范Therearevariousmanualsthatdefinethestandardandguidelinesfortrafficsignalcontrol,suchastheMUTCDandtheSignalTimingManual（美国有各种规范标准）Engineers(notthepolice)manageandoperatetrafficsignals（工程师与交警）PermittedLTDisplayinChinaFYATianjinChiaTianJinSignalBeijingChiaShanghaiChiaExtendedLeft-turnWaitingArea

左转待行区ExtendedwaitingLTarea–willitincreasecapacity?SignalTimingTerminologies

信号配时术语Basicsignalterms基本信号组成Cycleandcyclelength周期和周期长度Interval时段Changeinterval(yellow)Clearanceinterval(all-red)GreenintervalRedintervalPhase=Green+Yellow+All-red

(*Asignalphaseisassociatedwithaparticulartrafficmovement)TrafficMovements

One-wayStreets单行线流向MainStreetSideStreetNEBNBMainStreetSideStreetNEBNBTrafficMovements

One-wayStreetsMainStreetSideStreetNEBNBTrafficMovements

One-wayStreetsMainStreetSideStreetNEBNBTrafficMovements

One-wayStreetsMainStreetSideStreetNEBNBTrafficMovements

One-wayStreetsMainStreetSideStreetNEBNBTrafficMovements

One-wayStreetsTwo-PhaseOperation

两相位控制12NMainStreetSideStreetEBNBWBSBTrafficMovementsFullIntersectionControlledMovements控制流向MainStreetSideStreetEBNBWBSBNConflictingMovements冲突流向MainStreetSideStreetEBNBWBSBN8-PhaseQuadLeftControl

(NEMA)8相位左转控制MainStreetSideStreet15623874EBNBWBSBNPhase,RingandBarrier相位，带域和隔断15263784BarrierBarrierRing1Ring2MainStreetSideStreetCycleLength15623874NLTControlandPhasingSequence左转控制和相位顺序Left-turnTreatment/ControlPermitted许可(nophase)Protected保护

Protected/Permitted保护/许可Left-turnSequenceDualLTLeading(preferred)双左转前置DualLTLagging双左转后置

Split分方向控制

Lead/Lag一前一后

PhasingSequence相位顺序

Left-turnLeading左转前置15263784BarrierBarrierRing1Ring2152526151626PhasingSequence

Lead-Lag一前一后25163784BarrierBarrierRing1Ring2252616PhasingSequence

LaggingLeft-Turn左转后置26153784BarrierBarrierRing1Ring2262515PhasingSequence

LeadingLTPhasingSequence

LaggingLTSignal

SystemClassification信号系统分类TraditionalSystems

传统系统Closed-Loop(FieldMaster)闭路CentralizedComputerControl中央电脑控制Adaptive自调节系统

SignalTimingProcess信号配时过程Data

Collection收集数据SignalTimingDevelopment设计信号配时FieldImplementation实地应用BasicTerminology基本术语Cycle周期PhaseSplit相位时长PhasingSequence相位顺序Offset时距Force-off强制关闭CycleLengthandSplitCycleLengthAllsignalsmusthaveacommoncyclelengthtoachievecoordination所有信号有共同周期Split分时Split=Green+Yellow+All-redSignalCoordination信号协调Intersection#1Intersection#2EastBoundOffset时距OffsetisthetimedifferencebetweentworeferencepointsOffsetmustbespecifiedbyPhaseBegin/endphaseOffset=0~cyclelength

Offsetф2,6ф2,5ф1,5ф4,8ф2,6ф1,5ф4,8ф3,7Localzero本地0时Localzero本地0时Whenthelocalzerooccursat40secofthemasterclockWesaytheOffset=40secTime-SpaceDiagram

One-wayStreet时距图-单行路2684G=25Y=5R=30G=35Y=5R=20Time#1#2SBBand268484268426Time-SpaceDiagram

Two-wayStreet双向路G=25Y=5R=30G=35Y=5R=20Time#1#2SBBandNBBand2684268484268426Bandwidth带宽

(DualLTLeading)双左转前置26#1#215SB:20secNB:8sec26158426842684Bandwidth–Adjusted调整后的带宽(DualLTLeading)#1#2SB:20secNB:12sec8426842626152615Bandwidth–Adjusted调整后

(Lead/Lag)84#1#2SB:20secNB:20sec2615261584268426Time-SpaceDiagramDemoCaseDemo–CA49,Auburn

BeforeAfter53CaseDemo–CA4954Auburn,CA-BeforeAuburn,CA-AfterAuburn,CA-CombinedDiamondInterchangeTightDiamond(<400ft)Compressed(400~800ft)Conventional(>800ft)SignalPhasesat

aDiamondInterchangeSignalPhasesat

aDiamondInterchangeBASIC3-PHASE2685A148BASIC3-PHASE2685A148BASIC3-PHASE2685A148BASIC3-PHASE26485A226BASIC3-PHASE26485A315BASIC3-PHASE26485A315BASIC3-PHASE26485A315VirginiaStreet/I-80Signals65FreewayInterchanges66AfterBeforeDDI67WhyDDIAbout20inoperation,50underconstructionAcost-effectivealternativefordiamond(noneedtowidenthebridge)Highercapacityduetoreducedcriticalphases(left-turnandU-turntrafficgoingtofreewaydonotstop)IssuesDrivingontheleftsidePedestriancrossingNothroughtrafficontheoff-ramp*CoordinationwithadjacentsignalsandrampmeteringStateofthePracticeNoanalyticalcapacityandLOSproceduresareavailableManydifferentphasingoptionsarepossiblebutnotyetwellrecognizedMostlyrelyonVISSIMfortheanalysis

DDIPhasingSchemesOff-rampcontroltypeaffectssignalphasing.Anyproposedschemeshouldbeeasytoimplementusingstandard8-phasecontrollers.Considerationofpedestriancrossingandtiming.Off-rampControlType71Off-rampControlOptionsBothsidesareyieldorstopcontrolOnesideisyield/stopandonesidesignalLet-turnissignalandrightturnisyield/stopSignalizedrightturnwith/withoutRTORPhasingScheme1(1a)

2-StageSplitwithOff-rampOverlapTwoNEMAphasesandtwocriticalphasesOff-ramptrafficlikelystops72ϕ3ϕ3ϕ3VideoDemoPhasingScheme1(1a)

2-StageSplitwithOff-rampOverlapTwoNEMAphasesandtwocriticalphasesOff-ramptrafficlikelystops73ϕ4ϕ4ϕ4VideoDemoPhasingScheme1Variation(1b)TwoNEMAphasesandtwocriticalphasesOff-ramptrafficlikelystops74ϕ3ϕ3ϕ3VideoDemoPhasingScheme1Variation(1b)

75ϕ4ϕ4ϕ4VideoDemoTwoNEMAphasesandtwocriticalphasesOff-ramptrafficlikelystopsPhasingScheme1Variation(1b)

76VideoDemoTwoNEMAphasesandtwocriticalphasesOff-ramptrafficlikelystopsScheme2

2-StageConcurrentwithOff-rampOverlapArterialphasesstarttogether,whichcanbeprogressedifthephaselengthisshorterthanthetraveltimeOff-ramptrafficdoesnotstop77ϕ4ϕ8ϕ3ϕ7ϕ7ϕ3VideoDemoScheme2

2-StageConcurrentwithOff-rampOverlapArterialphasesstarttogether,whichcanbeprogressedifthephaselengthisshorterthanthetraveltimeOff-ramptrafficdoesnotstop78ϕ4ϕ8ϕ3ϕ7ϕ7ϕ3VideoDemoScheme3(Reno)

3-StageSplitwithoutOff-rampOverlapEliminateinternalstopsLessefficientduetosplitphasing79ϕ4ϕ3ABϕ2ϕ6VideoDemoScheme3(Reno)

3-StageSplitwithoutOff-rampOverlapEliminateinternalstopsLessefficientduetosplitphasing80ϕ4ϕ3ABϕ2ϕ6VideoDemoScheme3(Reno)

3-StageSplitwithoutOff-rampOverlapEliminateinternalstopsLessef