2023年完形填空篇含新增内容考点版

(理工Ｂ类)２0２３完形填空1-12篇含新增内容及答案第一篇ＣaptａinCookＡrrowＬegｅnd

库克船长箭传说Itwaｓagrｅaｔlegenｄwhileｉtｌasｔed，ｂuｔDＮAteｓtinghas(１）fiｎalｌyHＹPERＬＩNK＂jaｖascript:void(０)"eｎdeｄａtwo-cenｔｕｒy-oｌdstoryｏftｈeHawaiianarrowcarｖedfromthebｏnｅofＢｒｉｔishｅxplorerCaptainJａmesCoｏｋ(2)whoHYPERLINK＂jａvａsｃript：void(0）"diedｉntheＳanｄwichIslaｎds’iｎ1779.ﻫ“Tｈereｉｓ(３)ｎoＨＹPERLＩＮK"javaｓcｒipt：ｖoid（0）"CookiｎtheAustralianMｕseuｍ,’’museumcolleｃtioｎmanaｇeｒJudeＰhilipｓａidnotloｎｇａgoinａnnoｕncｉngtｈｅDNAevidenｃｅthａttheaｒｒｏwwasnｏtmadeofＣoｏｋ’Sbone.Ｂuｔtｈatｗillnotstopｔhemuseumfroｍｃontｉnuｉnｇtodisｐｌａytheaｒrｏwinitｓ(4)exhibｉｔionHYＰＥＲLINK"javaｓcrｉｐt：vｏid（0)",“Ｕncovereｄ：ＴrｅaｓuresｏftheAｕstrａlｉaｎＭusｅuｍ,”which(５)doｅｓHYPＥＲLINK"javasｃriｐt:void(０)"ｉncluｄeafeaｔhercapeprｅsｅnｔedtｏCooｋbyHawaiianＫiｎgＫａlａni’opu’uin1778.

CｏokｗasｏneofBritain’sgｒeａtｅxｐlorersａｎdiscｒeｄitｅｄwith（６）diｓcｏveｒingHYＰＥRLINK"ｊavasｃriｐｔ:void(0)"the“ＧreatSoutｈLand，"(7）nｏｗHYＰEＲＬIＮＫ"jａｖａscripｔ:ｖｏid（0)＂Ａuｓtralia,iｎ１770.HewascｌubbedtodeathinｔheSandｗｉｃhIｓｌａｎds,noｗHawaｉｉ。Thｅ１eｇendofCooｋ’sarrowbeｇａniｎ18２４(8）ｗhenHＹPERLINＫ"jaｖａscripｔ:void(０)＂ＨａwａiianKingＫameｈamehaonhisdeathｂedgavethｅarrowtｏWilliａmＡdams,aLｏｎdoｎsｕrgeonanｄｒelaｔｉveofCook’sｗife，sａyinｇitwaｓmaｄeofCook’sｂoｎｅafteｒtheｆａtａl(9)fiｇhtＨYＰEＲLＩNK"ｊavascripｔ:void(０)"withｉslanders.ﻫIntｈｅ1８90ｓtheａｒrowwasgｉvｅｎｔotheAusｔｒaｌianMuseumandtｈeｌegｅndconｔinuｅｄ(10）untilＨYＰEＲLINＫ＂jaｖaｓcｒiｐt：voｉd(０)"itcaｍeface＝to-fａcewitｈsciｅnce.

DＮAtestingbylaboraｔｏriesinAustrａliaandNｅwZeaｌanｄrevｅaledｔhearrowｗaｓｎotmadeｏfＣooｋ’sbｏnｅbutwａsmore(1１)likely

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Howｅver,Ｃooｋ’sfans(12)refuseHYＰＥRＬINK"javascriｐｔ:vｏid(0)＂toｇｉｖeupｈopethatoneCｏoｋlｅgeｎdwillproveｔrｕeandｔｈatｐartofhisreｍainsｗｉllstillbeunｃｏvereｄ.astheysaytｈereiseｖidｅｎceｎoｔa11ｏfCoｏk’sbｏdywａs（1３)buｒｉedHYＰEＲＬINＫ"ｊavaｓcrｉｐt:voｉｄ(0)"atseaｉn1779．“Onｔhisoｃcａｓioｎtｅchnologｙhａswoｎ",”saidCliｆfＴhorｎtｏn，presidenｔoftheCaptainＣookＳociety,ina（14）ｓtａtemｅntＨＹＰＥＲLＩNＫ＂ｊａvascrｉｐt:vｏid（0)"ｆｒoｍBritaiｎ.“ButIaｍ(15)surｅ

thａtoneｏftheｓeｄａｙs…oｎeoｆtheCｏokleｇｅndswillpｒｏveｔｏbetｒｕeａｎditwiｌｌhappｅnoｎｅdaｙ.’’第二篇AvａlａncｈeanｄIｔsSafety雪崩和它的安全Ａnａvalａnｃheisasuddｅnandｒaｐiｄｆlowｏfｓｎow，ｏfｔenｍixeｄwithairandwａtｅr,dｏwnａmountａiｎside．Ａvalａncｈesare(1）aｍonｇtｈebiｇgeｓｔｄanｇeｒsiｎthｅｍouｎtaｉnsforｂｏｔｈlifeaｎdproｐerｔy.Alｌavalａｎcｈesarecaｕsedbyａnｏver-burdenｏfmaｔeriａｌ,ｔyｐｉcａllysnowｐaｃｋ，tｈatistoｏmassiveａndunsｔａｂlefortheｓlope(2）thａtｓupportsit.Ｄetｅrｍiningthecritiｃaｌlｏad，theamouｎtoｆovｅr-bｕｒｄenwhichis(3)liｋｅlyｔｏcａuｓeanavaｌanche，(4）ｉsaｃｏmplｅxｔasｋｉnvｏlvinｇtheevaｌｕatｉonofaｎuｍberoffactors.

Ｔerrainsｌｏpｅsflａｔteｒthan２5dｅgreesoｒsteｅｐｅrｔhan６0ｄｅgｒeesｔypicalｌyhａｖｅalow（5）riskoｆaｖaｌanche.Ｓｎowdoesnot(6)ｇaｔhersignificantlyonｓｔeeｐｓlopes;also,ｓnoｗｄｏesnｏt(７)floweａsilｙonflatsｌopeｓ.Huｍaｎ-tｒigｇeredavalanｃhｅｓhavethegreatestｉncidencewhenｔhｅsnow＇sａngleofrestis(８)between３5and45ｄegrees;theｃriticaｌanｇle,thｅａnｇｌeatwhichthｅhｕmａniｎcideｎceｏｆavalaｎchesisgｒeaｔest,ｉs38ｄｅgreeｓ．Theruleoftｈumbis:Aslopetｈatis(９)ｆlatenoｕｇhｔoholdsnowbutｓtｅｅpenouｇhtｏskihasthｅpoteｎtiａltogenｅrateanavaｌaｎcｈe,ｒeｇaｒdleｓsｏfｔheａnｇlｅ.Additioｎallｙ，avalａｎcherｉsｋincreａsｅsｗitｈ(10)ｕsｅ;thatｉs,theｍｏreaｓloｐeｉsdｉsturbｅｄｂｙskiｅrs,themoｒelｉkelｙｉtisthatanavａlancheｗｉlloccｕｒ．

Dｕeｔothecoｍｐlexityoftｈesubjeｃt,ｗiｎｔertｒaveｌlingintｈebａｃｋcｏuntryｉsｎever１00%safe.Goodavaｌａnchesaｆｅｔyisａcontinｕous（１1)process,ｉnclｕdingｒoｕteselecｔionandｅxamｉnatiｏnofｔhesｎｏwｐack,wｅather(１2）conditions，aｎdhuｍaｎfaｃtｏrｓ.Seveｒalｗell-ｋｎｏwnｇoodhaｂitｓcａnalso(1３）reduceｔheriｓk．Ifloｃａlauthｏritiesissueａｖalanｃheriskrepoｒts，theyshoｕldbeｃｏｎｓiｄeredaｎｄallwａrnｉｎgsｓhoulｄbepａid（14）atｔentiｏnto.Neverfolｌｏwｉnthｅｔrａcksｏfotherｓｗｉthoutyourowｎevａｌuａtions;snoｗconｄiｔionｓarｅａｌmostｃeｒtａiｎtｏｈavechaｎgedｓiｎｃetheywerｅmadｅ．Obserｖeｔheteｒrainａｎｄnoｔeｏｂvｉouｓａｖalａnｃhepathsｗheｒeｐlａntsare(15)missｉngordａmaged.Avｏｉdtraｖelｉngbelowotｈerswｈoｍighｔtｒiggeｒanaｖａlancｈe．ﻫ★第三篇GermsoｎBanｋnoｔｅs纸币上的病菌Peopleindｉfｆeｒentｃountrｉesusedｉfferenｔｔypｅsof(1）ｍoneyyｕaninCｈiｎａ，pｅｓosinＭexico,pｏｕｎdsｉnｔｈeUｎitedＫｉnｇdoｍ,ｄollaｒsinｔｈｅUnitedStates,ＡuｓtrａliaａｎdNewＺeａlａｎd．Ｔheymayuse(２)dｉffeｒｅｎtcｕrrencies,bｕｔthesecoｕntries，ａndproｂａbｌyallcounｔｒiｅｓ,sｔiｌｌhaｖｅｏnethiｎgincomｍoｎ1:Germsontheｂaｎknotes.Sｃientistshavebeeｎstudyingｔheｇeｒmｓonmoｎeyforweｌlｏｖer2１00years.Atｔｈeｔｕrnoｆthｅ20tｈ(3)ceｎｔuｒy,ｓｏmerｅseａｒchersbegaｎtosｕsｐｅctthatgerｍsliviｎgonmｏｎeｙｃouldspｒｅadｄｉsｅａｓe．Ｍoｓtｓtudｉesofgerｍｙmｏneyhａvｅloｏkeｄattheｇｅrｍsontheｃurrency(4）ｗithｉｎｏnecountry.Inａnｅwsｔudｙ,FraｎkVriesｅkoop3aｎdotｈerreseａｒcherscoｍpａｒedthｅgerｍpopulationｓfouｎdoｎｂilｌsｏfdｉfferｅｎt(5)coｕｎｔries.Vrieseｋｏop3isamicrobiｏｌoｇiｓtattheUniveｒsityoｆBalｌarａtinＡｕsｔralia4.Helｅdtｈeｓtudy,whicｈcｏmparedtheｇｅrmpｏｐuｌatｉｏnsfoundonｍoney(6)gaterｅdfｒom10ｎａtiｏnｓ．Thesciｅntｉsｔｓstudｉed1,2８0banknotesｉntotal;allｃamefromｐlaｃｅswheｒｅpeoplebuｙfｏod,ｌikeｓupermarｋetsstreeｔveｎdoｒsanｄcａｆes,(７）Overall，tｈeAusｔrａlianｄollａrshoｓｔedtｈｅfewestlivebａcteria----nomoｒethan1０persqｕaｒecentiｍｅter.Ｃhinｅｓｅyｕanhadthemost－－-－abｏuｔ100pｅｒsqｕaｒｅｃenｔiｍeter.Mostoｆthegerｍｓonmonｅypｒｏbabｌywouldｎotcauｓｅhaｒｍ．Whａtwｅｃaｌl“ｐａper”moneyusuallyiｓn'tmadefｒompaper.TheU.Ｓ.dolｌａr,ｆorexamｐｌe，isｐriｎtedonfabricｔhatｉｓｍostly(8）ｃｏtton．Diffｅｒentcｏunｔrｉesmａyusedifferent(9)materｉalstoprｉnttheｉrｍｏneｙ．SｏmeｏftｈecurｒｅncieｓstuｄiedbyVriｅsｅkoopandhis(10)teamsuchａsｔｈeAmerｉcaｎdollarweremaｄefrｏmｃottoｎ．Otｈerｓｗｅremａdefrompolymers.Thｅｔhree（11)currencieｓwiｔhｔhelowestnuｍbersoｆbａcｔeｒｉaｗeｒｅalｌprintedonpolymｅrｓ.ＴheyｉncluｄeｄtｈeAustrａliａｎdollaｒ，tｈｅNewＺｅaｌａnddｏｌｌaranｄsomeＭexicaｎｐｅsos.Tｈeoｔheｒcuｒrｅnciｅswｅｒeprintedonｆａbricmade(12)mosｔlyofｃotｔｏn．Fｅwergｅrmslivedｏnthepｏｌymernｏtｅs.Ｔhｉsｃonnecｔiｏnｓuggeststhat(１3)ｇｅｒmｓｈａveaharｄｅrtimesｔaｙｉngalｉveonpolymersurfaces.Sｃiｅntiｓtsneｅdtodomoresｔuｄｉeｓtounｄeｒstａndhowgermslｉveｏnmoney-----andwhetｈerorｎotwenｅedｔobｅconceｒｎeｄ.Vneｓeｋｏopiｓnｏｗｓtartingastuｄythatｗill(1４)ｃomparｅtheaｍountsoftｉmｅｂacｔeriacanstayａliveondｉffereｎttypｅsoｆｂｉlｌs.WhａｔeveｒVｒiesｅkoopfｉnds,theｆacｔremains:ＰaｐeｒmｏneyhaｒborsgｅrmsWeshｏｕldwasｈｏuｒ（1５)haｎds----－afterｔoucｈiｎgit;aｆｔeraｌl５,youneverkｎoｗwhｅreyourmoney'sbeen.Orｗhat'slｉviｎｇｏnｉt第四篇Animａl’s“ＳiｘtｈSeｎse”动物的"第六个感"AtsunamiwaｓｔriggereｄbyaneａrｔhqｕａkeinthｅIｎdｉanOceａnｉnDeceｍｂer,2０23.ItｋｉlleｄtensoftｈousandsofpeopleinAsｉａandEａstAfriｃａ．Wｉｌdanimａls，(１）howeveｒ，seemtohaveｅscapｅdthａtterriblｅtsunaｍi．ＴhisｐhenoｍｅｎonaddsｗeiｇhttonoｔioｎｓｔhatIｔｈeyposｓesｓａ“siｘtｈｓense”for(2）ｄｉsasters,expertsｓaiｄ.SriLanｋanwilｄｌｉfｅofficialshavesaｉdｔheｇiａnｔwavｅsthatkiｌledovｅr24,0００peopleａlｏｎgtheInｄiaｎOceaniｓｌand’scoastｃlearly(3）miｓsedwｉldbeasts，withnodeａｄanimａｌsfound.“Noeｌephantsareｄｅaｄ，nｏt(4）eｖｅnｄeadrabｂｉｔ.Ithinkanimaｌｓcａn(5）sensedｉsａster．Theyｈａｖeａsiｘｔhｓｅｎｓe.Theyｋnｏwwhenthｉｎgsareｈappening．”Ｈ.Ｄ.Ratnａyａke,dｅputyｄirｅｃtorofSriLａnｋａ’ｓWildlｉfeDeparｔmｅnt，saｉdaｂoutoｎｅｍonｔhaftertｈetsunａmiａttack.Tｈe(6)wａveｓwashｅdfloodｗatersuptｏ２ｍilｅsinｌandatYalａNａtｉonalPaｒｋintheravagｅｄｓoｕtheaｓｔ,ＳriLanka’sｂｉggestwilｄｌife（７)resｅrvｅandhometoｈundredsofwildｅlepｈanｔsaｎdｓeｖeraｌlｅopａrds.“Thｅrehaｓbeｅnaｌotof（8）apｐareｎtｅｖidｅnceaｂoutｄogｓbarkｉngoｒbiｒdsmigratiｎgｂeforevｏlcanｉceruptionsoｒearthquａkes.Ｂutｉthasnｏｔbｅｅnｐrｏｖｅn，”saｉｄMａtthｅwvａnＬiｅｒｏpａnanｉmalbｅｈavｉｏr（9）ｓpecialistatJohanｎesburgZoo．“Thereｈavｅｂｅeｎnｏ(10)ｓｐｅｃｉfｉcstuｄiesbｅcauｓeyoucan’treaｌlytestｉｔiｎａｌaｂorfieldｓetting2，”hetoldReutｅrs.Otherauthｏriｔｉesconcurredwiｔhｔhis(11）aｓsｅssｍeｎｔ.“Wilｄlifｅsｅｅmtobeａｂletoｐickupceｒtaｉn（12)pｈenｏmenon,ｅspeｃialｌybirds…ｔhｅｒeａreｍanyreportsofbirｄsdetectingimpeｎｄｉngｄｉｓasters,”saiｄCliveWalker,wｈｏｈａswriｔtenｓeｖerａlｂｏokｓoｎAfricanwｉldliｆe.Anｉmａｌｓ（１3)cｅrｔaｉnlyrelyontｈekｎoｗｎsensesｓuchaｓsｍeｌlｏｒｈｅａｒiｎgtoavoｉｄｄangeｒsuｃｈaspreｄators．Ｔｈenotionofananimａl“ｓixthsenｓe”－or（14)someoｔherｍｙthiｃalpoｗｅr-iｓanenduringｏnｅ3ｗhｉcｈｔheｅvidｅnｃeonＳriLanka’sraｖａgｅdcoasｔislｉkelyｔoaddｔｏ．TheRｏmaｎssawｏwls(１5)ａsomeｎsoｆiｍｐendingdiｓasｔeｒａｎdmanｙanｃｉｅntculturｅsvieｗedeleｐhantｓaｓsａcredａnimalsenｄoｗｅdwithｓpecialpｏweｒsｏraｔtｒibutｅｓ．第五篇SinｇinｇAｌaｒmsCｏulｄSａveｔheBlｉｎｄ警报器救盲人Ifyoucannoｔsee,ｙoｕmaynotｂeabｌeｔofinｄyｏｕrｗayoutｏfaｂurningｂuｉｌdiｎg－---aｎdthaｔcouｌdbｅｆatal.AｃompanyinＬeｅｄscouldchaｎｇeaｌltｈat(１）wｉtｈｄireｃtionalsouｎdａlarmscapaｂleifｇuiｄinｇyｏｕtotheｅxit.ＳoundＡｌｅrt,acｏｍpany(2)runｂyｔｈeUniveｒsitｙofLeeds，ｉｓinstaｌlingthealarｍsｉnaｒesｉdentiａlhomｅfor（3)bliｎdpｅｏplｅinSommerseｔａndaresouｒcecentreforthｅblinｄinCuｍbrｉａ．(4）Ｔheaｌarｍｓｐroduceawｉderaｎgeoffｒｅｑueｎｃiｅstｈateｎableｔhｅbｒａintｏdetｅrminewhereｔhe(5)sｏundiscomｉｎgfrｏｍ.DeboｒahWｉthiｎｇtoｎofＳoundAlertsａysｔhatthealarmｓusｅmｏsｔoｆtheｆｒequenciｅｓｔhatcanｂe（6)hｅardbyｈｕmaｎs.“Ｉt’sａbｕｒstofｗhitｅｎoise(7)thａｔpeoplesaｙsoundslikeｓｔaｔicontｈeradio,”shesａys.“Itsｌife-saｖingpotenｔialｉsｇrｅat.”Sheconｄｕｃtedanexperｉmentinｗｈichpeoｐleweｒeｆilｍeｄbｙｔheｒmaｌ—ｉｍａｇｉnｇcaｍerastryinｇtofｉndtheiｒwayouｔofaｌarｇe(8)smoke-filleｄrｏｏｍ.Ｉt（9）tｏokthemneａrlｙfｏurminｕtｅｓtofｉnｄthedoor（10）wｉｔhoutaｓoｕndalarm,butonly15secondswiｔhｏne．Withｉngｔｏｎｓtudieshowthｅbrain(１1)processｅssoundsattheｕnｉveｒsiｔy.Shesａyｓｔhatｔhe(１2)ｓourｃeofaｗidebaｎdｏffrｅquenciesｃanｂｅpｉnpoｉntｅdｍoreeasilｙthａntheｓourcｅoｆanarroｗbａnd.Aｌarｍs（13)baｓｅdｏnthesamecｏｎcepthavealｒeadybeｅｎｉｎstａｌlｅdonemergencyvｅｈicleｓ.Thealarmswillalsoincluderisinｇoｒfａllingfｒeｑｕeｎciestoinｄicatewhetｈerpeopleｓhouｌdｇoup(1４)oｒdownsｔａiｒs.Theｙwｅre（1５）deveｌopedwiththeaｉｄofａlargegrantｆｒomＢritishＮｕclearFuｅlｓ．第六篇ＣarThievesｃoｕldBｅStoppedＲemoteｌy汽车小偷也许很远地被停止

Speｅdingｏｆfinastoｌencar,thethｉeｆｔhiｎkshehasgotagreatｃatch.Ｂuｔｈeisｉnａnastyｓurprisｅ.Tｈeｃarisｆｉttedｗithａreｍoteiｍmobilizeranｄａradiosignａlｆｒomacｏｎｔrolｃeｎｔｅrｍilｅsaｗaｙwiｌlｅnsurethatｏnｃetｈｅthiefswｉtｃhｅsｔｈeeｎｇinｅ(1)off,hewillnotbｅａbletｏstａｒtitagain．ﻫＦornow，ｓuchdevｉｃes(２)areonlｙａｖailａblｅforfleetsoｆtｒucksandｓｐecｉalistｖeｈｉclesusedoｎconsｔｒuｃｔiｏｎsitｅｓ．Bｕtrｅmoteimmobilizatiｏｎｔechnoloｇycouｌdsoonstartｔoｔrickｌedowntｏｏrｄinarｙcaｒs,aｎd(3)shｏｕlｄbeavａilablｅtooｒdinaｒycａrsｉｎtｈeUK（４)ｉntwomｏnｔｈｓ．

Theideａgoeslikｅthis.Acontrｏｌｂｏｘｆiｔtedtothecaｒｉncoｒporateｓ(5）aminｉaturecellpｈone,amicroprocesｓorandｍemory,ａnｄaＧPSsaｔeｌliｔeｐositioningreceｉveｒ．(6)Iｆthecaｒiｓstolen，acodedｃellpｈoneｓiｇｎalｗilltｅlltheuｎitｔoｂloｃｋthevehicle’ｓengiｎemanagｅmeｎｔsyｓｔemaｎｄpreveｎtｔheeｎｇinｅ(７)ｂeingreｓtarted.ﻫThｅｒeareｅｖenｐlａnsforimｍobilizers(８）thatshuｔｄownvehｉclesonthｅｍove，tｈoughｔｈerearefeaｒsovｅrthesafetyimｐlicationsofsｕcｈasysｔem.ﻫInｔheＵK.ａｎarrayｏｆtｅchｎｉｃaｌfixesｉsａlreadymaking(９）lifeｈaｒderｆorｃａrｔhieves.“Thｅpaｔternofｖeｈicleｓcrimｅｈａsｃｈanｇed，”saysMａｒｔｙnＲａｎdalloｆTｈatcｈaｍ,asｅcｕriｔyresｅarchorgaｎizatiｏｎｂasｅdinＢeｒｋshｉreｔhatisfunｄeｄinpａrt(１0)byｔｈemｏtoriｎｓuranceｉnｄustｒy．

Hesaｙsｉtwｏuldonlytakehimａfewｍinutesto（11)ｔｅachaｎovｉceｈowtoｓtealａcar,uｓｉｎgabaｒeｍinimｕmoｆtoｏls.Butoｎlyifthecarｉｓmｏrethaｎ10yearsold.ﻫModｅrncａrsａｒeａfaｒtoughｅrprｏｐositiｏn，aｓｔheｉrengｉnemanageｍentｃomｐuterwillnot(12)ａllｏｗｔhemtosｔａrｔunlessｔheyreｃeiｖeaｕniqueＩＤcｏdebeａｍeｄoｕｔbytheiｇnitｉｏnkey．IntｈeUK,technolｏgiesｌiｋｅｔｈiｓ(１３）ｈavehelpedachievea3１ｐerceｎｔdrｏpinvehicle-ｒeｌateｄｃrｉmesinｃｅ1997.ﻫButdetermｉnedcriminalsarestillｍａnagingtofindotherwaystｏstealcars.Ｏｆteｎbygettｉｎghｏldoftｈeowner’ｓｋeysinabuｒgｌａｒy．In2023,１2ｐｅrceｎｔofvｅｈiｃｌeｓstｏｌｅnintｈeUKweｒeｔakenusingthｅowｎer’skeysｄｏuｂletｈｅｐｒeviｏusｙear’sfｉgure.

Remｏte-contrｏllｅdimmobｉｌizatioｎｓyｓtemwould（14）puｔamajornewobsｔacｌeinthｅcriｍiｎal’ｓwａｙbｙmaｋiｎgsuchtheｆtspoiｎｔless．ＡgrｏupthaｔｉncludesThatｃｈam,thepolｉｃe,insurancecoｍpaｎｉesaｎdｓecuｒitｙtecｈｎologｙfｉrmshａｖｅdeveｌｏpedstａndａrdsforａsyｓtemｔhatcouｌdgoonｔhemarketsoｏｎeｒｔhantｈe（15)custｏmerexpecｔｓ.第七篇Aniｎteｌligentcaｒ一辆聪明的汽车Driｖｉnｇneｅdssｈａrｐeｙes,kｅenears,quｉckｂrａiｎ,aｎdcoordinaｔionbｅtwｅenｈaｎｄsandtｈｅbrａin．Ｍanyhｕｍandrivｅrshａveall(1)theseandcanｃontrolafasｔ-mｏvingcａｒ.Ｂuｔhowdoesaｎiｎｔelｌigeｎｔｃarcｏntroliｔselｆ?Therｅisaｖｉrtualdrｉvｅrinｔhesｍarｔcar．Thisvｉrtｕalｄriｖerｈａs“eyｅｓ,”“brains”，“hanｄs”and“feet”，too.Theｍinｉ－cameｒas(2)ｏneaｃｈsiｄeofthecarａrehiｓ“ｅｙes,”ｗhｉchobsｅrｖetｈeroaｄａndcｏｎｄｉtionsaheaｄoｆit．Ｔｈeywatchｔhe(3)trafｆiｃtoｔhecar’sleftandright.Therｅisaｌsoaｈiｇｈly(4)auｔomaticdrivｉｎgｓysｔeｍiｎthｅcａr．Itisthebuiｌｔ－ｉncｏmputer,ｗhｉchｉsthevirtｕaldriver’s“bｒain.”His“braｉn”calculatesthespeeｄsoｆ(5）othermｏviｎgcaｒsｎearｉｔａndanalyｚeｓtheirpoｓiｔｉｏns.Basingｏntｈｉｓiｎformａtioｎ,itｃhooｓesｔｈerｉght(6)pathfｏｒthｅｉnｔelｌiｇｅntｃarｓ，ａｎdgives（７)ｉnstrucｔionstoｔhe“hanｄs”aｎｄ“feetｓ”toactaccordiｎgly.Iｎthiｓway,tｈevirｔualｄrivｅｒconｔｒolshｉscar．Whaｔistheviｒtualdriver’sｂestadｖaｎtaｇe?Herｅaｃｔs(8)quickly．Tｈemini-ｃaｍerasａre(9)sendinｇｉmagesｃontiｎuｏuｓlｙtothｅ“ｂrain”.It(1０)ｃompｌetestheｐｒoｃessinｇoftheimaｇesｗithｉn100ｍｉllisecｏnds.Hｏｗｅver,tｈｅwｏrld’sbesｔｄｒieｒ(11)atleａsｔneeｄｓｏneｓｅｃondｔoreact.(１２)Besｉdｅs,wｈenhetakesacｔion,heneeｄsoｎｅmoｒeｓeconｄ.Thevirtｕaldrivｅrisｒｅａｌｌｙwｏndeｒful．Hecanreducetｈｅaccｉdｅnt(13)rateｃoｎｓiderablyonexpressway.Inthｉsｃａse.Cａnweleｔｈimhaveｔhewｈeelatanyｔimeａndｉnａnyplaｃｅ?Ｅxｐerts(14)wａrnthaｔweｃannotｄｏthatjustyeｔ．Ｈisabilｉｔytorｅcｏｇniｚetｈinｇｓiｓstｉｌｌ(15）limｉｔｅｄ．Ｈecannowonlｙdｒｉveaｎｉntｅlligeｎtｃａronexpressｗaｙs．第八篇ＡＢiｏｌoｇｉcalCloｃk一个生物时钟Everylivingthiｎgｈaｓwｈａｔscｉeｎｔｉstsｃallaｂiｏlogｉcalclocktｈａtcｏｎtrolsbeｈavior.Thebiologｉcａlｃloｃkｔells(1)humanswheｎｔoformflowersanｄwｈenthefｌｏwｅrsshouldｏpen1.Ｉtｔｅlｌｓ（２）ｉｎsectｓwhenｔｏｌeaｖetheｐrotecｔｉvecocoon茧aｎｄflyaｗay，andittelｌsanimaｌsandhumａnbｅｉngswhｅntｏeａｔ,sleepanｄｗａke.Ｅventsｏutｓidethｅplantａnｄaniｍａｌ(３)ａffectｔheaｃtionsofｓomebiolｏgｉcａlcloｃｋs.Ｓcieｎtiｓtsrecｅntlyfouｎｄ,foｒexample,thatatinyaniｍalchaｎｇesthecoloｒofｉｔｓfuｒ(4)bｅcaｕsetheｎumbeｒofhoursofdaylｉgｈt.Inthｅshort(5)ｄａysofwinteｒ,ｉtsfurbecomｅswｈｉte.Ｔhｅｆurbeｃoｍesgrａybｒoｗnｉnｃolorintheloｎgerhouｒsofdaylighｔsummer．Inｎeｒsｉgnalscｏnｔｒoｌoｔheｒbiｏlｏgicａｌｃｌocks．Ｇeｒmａnscientistsfouｎdｔhatsomekiｎdofinternalclｏcｋseemsｔooｒderｂiｒdｓtobｅgintheirｌｏngmｉgratｉoｎ(６）flighttwiceeacｈｙear．Bｉrｄｓ(7)preｖenｔedｆrｏmflyingbｅｃomｅrestlesｓｗhenitiｓtiｍeforthetrｉp，(8）buttheybecoｍecａlｍaｇａinwhｅntheｔｉmeofｔheflｉghthasended.Sｃientiｓtssａytｈeyarebeｇinningtolearｎｗhｉch(９)partｓofthebraｉncoｎtａinｂiologicalclｏcks.AnAmｅriｃanｒesearchｅr,MarｔinＭoｏｒhｅad，saｉdasmallgｒｏupofｃｅllｓnｅarthefrontｏfthebrain（10)seeｍsｔoconｔrｏlthｅtｉmingｏｆsoｍeoｆoｕractioｎs.Thｅse(11)cｅllstellapersoｎwhentｏ(1２)ａwaｋen,wｈentosｌeepａndwｈｅntoｓeekfｏoｄ.Ｓcienｔistｓｓaytherｅprobａｂlyaｒeoｔｈeｒbｉoloｇicalcｌｏckｃellsthａtcontrolotｈerbｏdyaｃtiｖiｔieｓ.Dr.Ｍoorheadｉsｓtｕdying(13)hｏwourbiologｉｃalcloｃksaffｅctthewａyweｄoｏurwｏrｋ2．Forexamplｅ,moｓtofushaveｇreatｄiｆｆicultyiｆweｍｕsｔofteｎchａnｇeｔｏdifｆeｒentwｏｒkhｏurs．(14)Ｉｔcantakｅ3mａnｙdaysforahuｍanbｏdytｏａccｅptthemajorchangeinｗｏrｋｈｏuｒs.Ｄｒ.Moorheadsaｉdindusｔriaｌｏｆficｉalsshouldｈaveabeｔｔerundｅrstandingofbiｏlｏgiｃalclｏｃksaｎｄhowｔheyaｆfectworkｅｒs.Heｓaid（15)sucｈｕnderｓtaｎdinｇcoulｄｃｕtsicknessandacciｄentsatwｏrkandｗouｌdhelｐinｃreasｅafactoｒy’sｐrｏdｕｃtｉon.第九篇ＷｏnderＷｅbs惊奇网络

Spiｄerwebsarｅｍoretｈanhomes,andｔheyareｉngenioｕstraps.Ａndｔheｗｏrlｄ’sbestwｅｂspinnermaybeｔheGoldenOrbＷeaｖersｐider.ThefｅmaleOrbWeaverｓpinｓaｗebｏffｉbｅｒsthiｎenoughｔｏbｅinvisiblｅｔoｉnsectpｒeｙ,yｅt(1)tｏuｇｈｅｎｏughtosｎａreａfｌyingbiｒｄwiｔhoutbreakiｎｇ.ﻫThesｅcretofｔｈeweb’ｓstreｎgth?Aｔypeｏｆｓuper-ｒesiｌｉｅnt(2)silｋcalｌeddragｌine．Wｈｅｎthｅfemａｌesｐiderｉsreadｙｔｏ(3)weavｅtheweｂ’sspokesａnｄfraｍｅ,sheuｓeｓherlｅgstodｒａｗtheairythreadoutthｒouｇhaholｌowｎoｚzlｅｉnｈerbelly.Dｒａglinｅisｎｏtsticky,ｓothespiｄercaｎrａｃｅbａｃｋａndforthalｏng(4）itｔoｓpintｈｅweb’sｔｒadeｍａrkspiral.恒星HYPERLINK＂"\t＂_blaｎk"英语论坛ﻫUnliｋesoｍｅｓpiｄerstｈａｔｗｅaｖeaｎewweｂeveryday,aＧｏldenOｒbＷｅaver(５)ｒeuseｓhｅrｈaｎdiworkｕntｉliｔfallｓaｐart，somｅtimesnｏtfｏｒtｗｏyｅars.ThesilkythreａdisfivｅtimesstｒongerthansteｅlbyweightanｄabsorbｓthｅｆorcｅｏfanimpactｔhｒeｅtimesbettｅｒthanKevlａr,ahigｈ-streｎgtｈｈｕmａn－ｍaｄe(6)ｍａｔeｒｉaｌusｅｄｉnbullｅｔ-ｐrooｆｖests.Ａndthａnkstoiｔshigｈtｅnsilestｒenｇth,ortｈeabiｌitytｏreｓistbｒeakingundertheｐullingforcecalｌedｔensｉｏｎ，ａsiｎglestrandcanstｒetchupｔｏ４0percenｔlonｇeｒthaｎitsｏrigｉnal（7)lｅnｇtｈandsnapｂacｋaswellaｓnｅw.Ｎｏhumaｎ－maｄefiberevencｏmeｓ(8)cloｓｅ．ﻫＩtiｓno(9）wondｅrmanufaｃturersaｒeｃlaｍoringｆorspiｄeｒsilk．Iｎthecoｎｓumerｐiｐeｌｉne：Ｈigh-perfｏrmanｃefａbrｉcsｆoratｈｌeteｓａndｓtockｉngsｔhatneverｒun．Tｈｉnkｐaracｈutecordsandsuｓｐensｉonｂridｇecabｌｅｓ.Astｅａｄy(10)suｐplyofspidersilkｗouｌdbeｗｏｒthｂiｌlioｎsofdoｌｌars–ｂuthｏwｔoprｏduｃeit？Ｈarｖｅsｔｉngsilｋｏnsｐiderｆarmｓdoesｎoｔ(11）worｋbecausetｈeｔerｒitoｒｉalarthropodsｈavｅateｎdeｎcyｔoｄevourthｅirneｉgｈboｒs.ﻫNow,scｉentｉstｓａttｈebiotｅchnoｌoｇycoｍpanyNexiａaｒespｉnningaｒtｉｆicialｓｉlkｍodelｅdafterＧoｌdｅnＯｒbdragline．The(12）firｓtsteｐ:extrａctsilｋ－makinggenesfroｍｔheｓpiｄｅrs.Ｎｅxｔ,iｍplａnｔtｈeｇeｎｅsinｔogoａteggcells.Ｔｈenanｎyｇｏatsthatgrｏwfromtｈeeｇｇssｅcｒetedraglinesilkproｔeiｎsinthｅir(１3）miｌk.“Theyoungｇoatsｐａssｏnｔhesilk-maｋinｇgeｎewithｏut(14）anｙhelpｆromｕs,”sayｓNeｘｉapresｉｄｅnｔJeffreｙTurnｅr.Nexiaissｔillpｅrfeｃtingthespinｎiｎgpｒocess,bｕｔｔhｅｙｈopeartifｉciａlｓｐiｄerｓiｌkwｉｌlsoｏｎbesnagginｇcｕsｔomers(15)asfａｓtastheｒeａlthingｓnaｇｓbugs.

第十篇ChicｋeｎSｏupfortｈｅSｏuｌ:ComfortFｏｏdFiｇｈtsＬoｎｅlｉnｅss心灵鸡汤:爽心食品排解孤独感

Mａshedpｏtａｔoes,mａcａroniandcｈeｅｓe,maｙbebaｄfoｒyｏｕrartｅｒies,(1)bｕtacｃoｒｄiｎgｔoasｔudyinPsychoｌoｇicalSｃieｎce,they’regooｄｆoryourheaｒtand(2)emotions.Thｅstudyfoｃｕseson“comfortfoｏｄ”andhowitｍakeｓpｅoplefｅｅl．"Fｏrｍｅ(3)pｅrｓｏnalｌy,fｏodhasalwayｓpｌayedabigｒoleinmyfamiｌｙ，”sａysJordaｎTroisｉ，agraduatesｔudｅｎｔattheUｎiveｒsｉtｙｏfBuｆｆalｏ,ａndlｅadａuthoronｔｈestuｄy．Thestudycａmeoutoｆthereseaｒchprｏgｒamofｈisco—aｕthｏrShiraGabriel．Ｉｔhaｓ(４）loｏkｅdatnｏn－ｈumantｈingｓthatmayaffecthumanemoｔioｎs.Soｍｅpeoplｅreducelｏneｌinessbybondｉngwiｔhｔheir（5)favoriｔeTVｓhow，bｕildingviｒtｕalrelatioｎｓhipswithａpopsongsiｎgｅrorｌooｋinｇatｐicturｅｓoｆlｏvedonｅs.ＴroisianｄGabrｉelｗondereｄiｆcomfortfooｄcｏuldhaｖｅtｈｅｓameｅfｆｅct(6)bｙｍａkiｎgｐeopleｔhinkoｆtheirｎeａrｅstanddearesｔ.Ｉnonｅexperimeｎt，iｎordertomake(7)classｆeeｌlonｅｌy,theresearchershａdthemwritefｏrsｉｘmiｎuｔesａｂouｔａfighｔwｉｔhsoｍeｏnｅｃlosｅｔothem．Othｅrswｅregivenａnemoｔiｏnaｌlyneutraｌwｒｉtｉngaｓsigｎment.Then,somｅｐeopｌeiｎeach(８)groupwrｏteabouttheexpeｒienceｏfeatｉngacomfortfooｄandｏtｈeｒswrｏtｅabouｔｅatinｇanｅwfｏod.(9)finallｙ,thｅresｅarchershａｄpａrticｉpants(10）completequesｔioｎｓabouｔtｈeirlｅvelsoflonｅliness.Ｗriｔiｎgａboutａｆightwiｔhaｃｌｏｓeｐｅrsonｍadepeoplefeellｏneｌy．Ｂutｐeoplｅｗｈowereｇｅｎerally(11)secuｒeｉntheｉｒrelaｔiｏｎshipswoｕlｄfeelleｓsloｎelyｂywrｉtingaｂoutａcomfｏrtfoｏd．"Weｈaｖefoｕndthatcomfortfｏodｓaｒeconsｉstentlyａssociatedwiththｏseｃlosetous．"saｙsTroisi．"Thｉｎkingabｏutorconｓuｍｉngtheｓefｏodｓlａteｒtｈensｅrｖesasaｒemindeｒofthoseｃlosｅｏtｈers.＂Ｉn(1２）theirｅssayｓoｎcoｍｆｏrtfｏｏd,manyｐeｏpｌeｗroteabｏｕttｈｅ(13)exｐerｉenｃeofeaｔｉngfoodｗiｔhｆａmilyａndｆrｉｅnds．Inanｏtｈｅｒexpeｒiｍeｎt,(１4)eａtiｎgcｈｉckenｓｏuｐｉnｔhelabmａdepｅopｌeｔhinｋｍoreaｂoutrｅlatｉonships,ｂutonｌyifｔheyconｓｉdｅrｅdcｈｉckensouｐtobeａcoｍｆoｒtfoｏd．Ｔｈｉsｗasaqｕｅsｔiｏｎtheyhadｂeenａｓkｅdｌonｇbefoｒetheexｐerimeｎt,ａlonｇwｉthmaｎｙotherqｕesｔｉｏns，sotheywouldn’tｒeｍembeｒit.Throｕghouteｖerｙone’sdａilｙlｉvesｔhｅyeｘperieｎceｓtress,ｏｆteｎａssocｉatedwｉtｈour（1５)coｎnnectｉoｎswithoｔhｅrs，"Ｔｒｏisisaｙs．"ComfｏrtfｏodＣanbｅaneasyremｅdyfoｒloneliｎess．

★第十一篇ClｉｍａtｅCｈaｎgePｏseｓMajorRiｓｋsforUｎpｒｅparedCｉties气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险

Anewexaminａtionｏfurｂanpolicieｓhasbeen

(１)caｒriｅｄｏｕtrｅcentlyｂｙPaｔｒiｃiａＲoｍeｒｏLａnkａo．Sheisasociolｏgiｓtｓpecializiｎｇiｎclimateｃhangeand

(2）

urbaｎ

devｅlopｍｅnt.Shewarｎsｔhat

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ｇａseｓaｒekｎown

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Ｃitiesare

(6)major

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（7)beｎefｉtｓ

.

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(8)ｔhreats

asｓｏciatedwiｔhclimateincludｅｓtormｓｕｒｇesａnd

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（9)

ｈeaviｌy

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ｍａy

(10)laｃｋ

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（1１）withoｕt

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