Unit3线形图和柱状图写作

1Unit3

DescriptiveEssaysFocusedWritingDescribingprocessesandmechanismsInscientifictexts:

Stepsorproceduresinaprocessarebestdescribedobjectively,usingthepassivevoice.

Indescribingprocesses:Besuretofollowatimesequence.

Connectives:‘first,‘second’,‘then’,‘next’and‘finally’.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill2.Describinggraphs同义替换show=indicate/reveal/demonstrate/describe/illustratebeexceptedto=bepredicted/supposed/forecast/estimated/projectedthenumber=figure/percentage/proportion/data

FocusedWriting—WritingSkill线形写作步骤先看题，后看图看完X轴，看Y轴单位时态不要忘最高最低要注意ThenumberofmarriagesinScotlandfellsharplyfrom9,000in1960to3,000in1970,andcontinuedtodeclinedataslowrateuntilaround2,000in1985.From1985therewasagradualincreaseinthenumberofmarriageswhichthenleveledoffat3,500in1994线型作文三要素趋势数据时间句式变换ThenumberofmarriagesinScotlandfellsharplyTherebe句型:横坐标做主语：纵坐标做主语：地点做主语：趋势做主语：必须要描述的（1）最大值和最小值即MM原则

Maximum&Minimum（2）相同数值的点（3）开始&结束的点Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.RadioandtelevisionaudiencesintheUK,October-December1992双曲线写法：首段—与写一条曲线方法相同中间段落—分别描写两条曲线末段—写两条曲线的共同点和不同点介绍段包括时间段X轴数据形式Y轴研究的对象大体描绘一下趋势Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.P1:Thelinegraphdescribesthepercentageof

radiolistenersandtelevisionvieweroverfouryearsintheU.K.throughoutthedayfromOcttoDecin1992.题目图表信息综合同义替换P1Thefigure

revealsthatbefore1:00p.m.thereweremoreradioaudiences,whileafter1:00p.m.morepeopleturnedtotelevision.描述趋势（交叉点）P2RadioThedataindicatedthatradiolistenersincreasedsubstantiallybefore8:00am,whenthepercentagereachedtoapeakof27%.Then,itdeclinedsteadilyinthefollowing20hours,bottomingoutat2%at4:00a.m.ofthenextday.Theperiodfrom4:00amto6:00amsawanotherslightriseto4%inradiolisteners.P3TVAsforTVviewers,Theperiodfrom6:00a.m.to8:30a.m.sawasharpincrease,whentherewasalevelingoffat8%until10:00am..Fromthenon,itgenerallymaintainedasharplyupwardtrenduntilthepeak(45%)wasreachedat8:00p.m.,inspiteofsomesmallfluctuation.However,therewasaslump

thereafterinthepercentage.Thepercentagereachedthebottomof3%at3:00a.m,whentherewasaslightriseafterwardsP4Thegeneraltrendwasthatthepercentageofbothradioandtelevisionaudiencesrosefirstandthendecrease,whilethetotalnumberofthelatterwasbiggerthantheformer.Inaddition,

theprimetimeforradioandtelevisionwas8amand8pm,respectively.总结趋势(相似与不同)2.DescribinggraphsA.Wordsorphrasesdescribingatrend.

VerbalPhrases/VerbsNounsrise/increase/ascend/goup/climb/grow/expand;surge/soar/shootup/rocket/skyrocket/jump;beontherise;beontheincreasea(n)rise/increase/growth/boom/surge/expansion/hikeupswing/growthFocusedWriting—WritingSkillA.Wordsorphrasesdescribingatrend.

VerbalPhrases/VerbsNounsfall/decrease/decline/drop/godown/descend;slump/dip/sink/plunge/plummet;beonthedecline;beonthewane;takeadowntrend,etc.

a(n)decrease/fall/decline/drop/slide/slump/reduction/downswing,etc.

FocusedWriting—WritingSkillA.Wordsorphrasesdescribingatrend.

VerbalPhrases/VerbsNounsleveloff/outat…/stabilize/settle/remainstable/remainsteadyat/stayconstantat…/plateauout/bottomoutatalevelingoutFocusedWriting—WritingSkillleveloff/outThepriceofvegetablesbegantoleveloff/outafterthegovernmenthadtakensomeeffectivemeasures.fluctuate/goupanddownThepriceofvegetablesfluctuatesaccordingtotheweather.A.Wordsorphrasesdescribingatrend.

VerbalPhrases/VerbsNounsfluctuatearound…/fluctuatebetween…and…;seeafluctuatingpattern;peakandtroughs;hitatroughat…;reboundto…;reachapeakat…;hit(orreach)arecordhighat/hitanall-timehighat…;fallto/hit/reach/sinktoarecordlowat…,etc.

aconsiderablefluctuation/markedfluctuation/violentfluctuation/cyclicalfluctuation/periodiccyclicalfluctuation/regularfluctuation,etc.

FocusedWriting—WritingSkill2.DescribinggraphsB.Adjectivesandadverbsdescribingdegree:幅度大dramatic/dramatically;sharp/sharply;huge;enormous/enormously;steep/steeply;substantial/substantially;considerable/considerably;significant/significantly;marked/markedly;remarkable/remarkably;rapid/rapidly;swift/swiftly;great/greatly;幅度中等moderate/moderately;steady/steadily;gradual/gradually;幅度小slight/slightly;marginal/marginally;minimal/minimally;etc.

FocusedWriting—WritingSkill2.DescribinggraphsC.Wordsorphrasesdescribingproportionsorpercentages:

accountfor/takeup/occupy,etc.…percent;Thepercentage/proportionof…standsat…percent,etc.

e.g.Full-timeworkerswithchildrenundertwoyearsold,accountfor11%oftheworkforce.

FocusedWriting—WritingSkill柱状图

ThechartshowsthetimespentbyUKresidentsondifferenttypesoftelephonecallsbetween1995and2002.

Localfixedlinecallswerethehighestthroughouttheperiod,risingfrom72billionminutesin1995tojustunder90billionin1998.afterpeakingat90billionthefollowingyear,thesecallshadfallenbacktothe1995figureby2002.Nationalandinternationalfixedlinecallsgrew