《Unit3+Life+in+the+future-语法分词》课件

1.作状语2.作定语4.作表语3.作宾补过去分词Grammar过去分词

过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行、主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。一、过去分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动,作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。观察下列的句子:Oncepublished,hisworks(=Once

hisworks

waspublished,)becamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.PP作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。过去分词作时间状语1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.

Whenheated,

icewillbechangedintowater.2.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointed.

Seenunderamicroscope,

afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.过去分词作原因状语1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.

Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,

theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.2.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.

Doneinahurry,

hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.过去分词作条件或者假设状语1.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.

Givenmoreattention,

thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.2.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.

Comparedwithyou,

westillhavealongwaytogo.作方式或伴随情况状语1.Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.Thehunterlefthishouse,and

hewasfollowedbyhisdog.2.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.Shesatbythewindow,and

shewaslostinthought.

lost表示一种迷失心理状态1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Summary过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作，因此，当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－被动，例如：Rewritewithproperconjunctions1.Unitedwestand,dividedwefail.

Ifweare

united,wewillstand,

but

if

we

are

divided,wewillfail.Example:2.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.→Whenhewasasked

whathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.→Becausehewas

wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.4.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.

Ifwewere

givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.

5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.

Once

itwas

translatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.6.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.

Becauseshewas

deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.7.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.

Althoughhewas

leftaloneathome，Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.用过去分词作状语来改写句子。1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.→_______________________,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney2.Ifheisgiventime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.→_________,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.→______________________________,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Given

timeConfusedbythenewsurroundings4)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense.

→________________________________,hebecametense.

QuestionedbythepoliceaboutthefireFindoutthesentenceswiththesamemeaning.1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.

Worriedaboutthejourney,

Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.2.WhileIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.

Confusedbythenewsurrounding,

Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.3.AsIwasexhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.

Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.Following

theoldman,wewentupstairs.—wefollowed(跟着那个老人,

我们上去了)2.Followed

by

theoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewerefollowed)(被那个老人跟着,

我们上去了)Compare3.从上面看，体育场好像一个鸟巢。____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.从太空看，宇航员看不到长城。____fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.SeenB

A

DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_____foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.______

thebook,

I

findituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用.________

ather,

hejumpedwithjoy._______atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.UsedUsingLookingLooked注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。CompleteeachsentenceusingthePastParticipleoftherightverb.

1)_________bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.frightentrapfollowshootFrightenedfollowed3)If_______inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although____intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.trapped

shot二、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语，通常置于被修饰的词的前面，而分词短语作定语，则须置于被修饰词的后面。1.LastSundaywewentonanorganizedtriptotheforest.上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2.Aletter

posted

todaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.今天发出的信后天他就能收到。分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:Heworkedasaworkerbuilding

roads.(主动)

=Heworkedasaworkerwho/thatbuiltroads.Thisisapicturepainted

bymyfather.(被动)=Thisisapicturewhichwaspaintedbymyfather.Iknowtheyoungmansleepingonthe

bench.(在进行)=Iknowtheyoungmanwhoissleepingonthebench.Thelettermailed

last

nightwillreachhimtomorrow.(已完成)=Theletterwhich

wasmailedlastnight

willreachhimtomorrow.过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupincountryvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。

过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义。1.前置定语被动意义：anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人

(受伤的工人)arenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.B.完成意义aretiredteacher一位退休的教师Theyarecleaning________________

(落叶)intheyard.Theinjuredworkersthe

fallen

leaves2.后置定语

过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.=Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=)toyourpartlastnight?thathaseverbeenwrittenwhohadbeeninvited如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如:Isthereanythingunsolved?ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.注意:三、过去分词作宾补1.从时间上：表动作已经完成

come,go,fall,change(表位移,变化的不及物动词)

Ifoundthecountrysidechangedalot.2.从语态上:表被动Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.过去分词作宾补1.表“希望，要求”的动词：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)doneIwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+object+p.p.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.3.使役动词：make,get,have,keep

Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.=Iwanttogetthebarbertocutmyhair.=

Iwanttoletthebarbercutmyhair.4.介词短语作宾补with,without+n.+p.p.Doyouknowthemanwithhishandstiedback?Theyleftwithoutadishtouched.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_____behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tiedD四、过去分词作表语1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱,主要表示动作的完成和状态,此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。①Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.②Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,

shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语，表示状态，其中有些仅表示状态，毫无被动意味。如:③Shewasvery

disappointed

toheartheresult.④He’squite

experienced

inteachingbeginners.

①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotvery

excited.②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseems

pleased

withhisresults.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.过去分词作表语C解析:该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有:getburnt,gethurt,getwoundedA.payB.payingC.paidD.topay1)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted2)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost3)Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingbyCDC1.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考点点拨C

简析:首先,根据语法分