托福分类词汇表

托福分类词汇表（共17类863个常用单词）一、psychology心理..9.mental心理的physical身体的，物质的，物理的spiritual心灵的conformity从众majority多数人minority少数人thresholdjudgment（心理学）初始性判断subject受实验对象心理学psychology心理现象mentalphenomenon心理过程mentalprocess心理状态mentalstate心理活动mentalactivity意识consciousness内部活动internalactivity普通心理学generalpsychology实验心理学experimentalpsychology行为科学behavioralscience心身关系mind-bodyrelation遗传heredity活动理论activitytheory中央处理器模型centralprocessormodel信息储存informationstorage人工智能artificialintelligence,AI计算机类比computeranalogy计算机模拟computersimulation计算机模型computermodel测谎器liedetector预期误差anticipationerror正误法methodofrightandwrongcases反应response访谈法interviewmethod问卷法questionnaire表情法methodofexpression提示法anticipationmethod视觉vision瞳孑1pupil可见光visiblelight颜色匹配colormatching

0.加色混合additivecolormixture色弱colorweakness红色弱redweakness色盲colorblindness红色盲redblindness蓝黄色盲blue-yellowblindness内耳innerear中耳middleear反映reflection二、geography地理geography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude经度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险timezone时区topography地形，地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛

31.islet小岛32.peninsular半岛33.continent大陆34.continentalshelf大陆架35.ranges山脉36.valley峡谷37.canyon峡谷38.channel(strait)海峡39.remote-sensing遥感的40.terrestrial地球的，陆地的41.terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热42.terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁43.continentaldrift大陆漂移学说44.sea-floorspreading海床扩展45.evaporation蒸发46.salinity含盐度47.oceanbottom海床48.sediment沉淀物，沉积物49.tropical热带的50.temperate温带的51.frigid寒带的52.formation形成53.frostheaving冻胀现象54.fieldstone卵石二 、geology地质学1.geologist地质学家2.crust地壳3.mantle地幔4.core地核5.continentalcrust大陆地壳6.oceaniccrust海洋地壳7.layer(stratum,复数strata)地层8.plate板块9.fault断层10.faultplane断层面11.faultzone断层带12.rift(crack;split)断裂13.disintegration(decomposition)分解14.erosion腐蚀15.fossil化石16.igneousrock火成岩17.sedimentaryrock沉积岩

9.60.61.quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩lithogenous岩成的lithosphere岩石圈magma岩浆mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金，铂silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞，水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰渍iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口lava火山岩浆volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicwave地震波cataclysm灾变四、anthropologist人类学家paleoanthropologist古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist 心理人类学家origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同一种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古学家excavation挖掘excavate（unearth）挖掘ruins遗迹，废墟remains遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物，文物antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge（青）铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的archaeology考古学anthropology人类学morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的五、ecology生态学ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统balance（ofnature）自然界生态平衡fauna动物群

flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect 温室效应infraredradiation红外线辐射ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外辐射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空气污染waterpollution水污染noisepollution噪音污染soilpollution土壤污染pollution-free无污染pollutant污染物noxious(toxic)有毒的fumes(有毒)废气waste废物solidwaste固体垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水sewagepurification污水净化sewagedisposal污水处理decibel(噪音)分贝六、meteorology六、meteorology气象..5.16.17.meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家forecast(predict)预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层current(气)流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp(wet;moist;humid)潮湿的humidity湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fog(mist)雾smog烟雾

droplet小水珠condense浓缩crystal水晶体downpour(torrential rain)大雨tempest(storm)暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水breeze微风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado(twister,cyclone)龙卷风funnel漏斗，漏斗云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾七、chemistry七、chemistry化学..8.19.chemicalproperty化学特性，化学性质chemicalcomposition(makeup)化学成分chemicalagent化学试剂chemicalreaction化学反应chemicalchange化学变化chemicalbond化学键chemicalapparatus化学器械substance(matter;material)物质element元素periodictable周期表hydrogen氢oxygen氧nitrogen氮helium氦carbon碳calcium钙silicon硅sulfur硫iodine碘

20.compound化合物21.hydrocarbon碳氢化合物22.derivative衍生物23.alchemy炼金术24.petroleum(oil)石油25.petroleumproducts石油产品26.crudeoil原油27.refine提炼，精炼28.gasoline汽油29.methane甲烷30.solution溶液31.dissolve溶解32.solvent溶剂33.solubility可溶性34.cohesive聚合力35.adhesive粘合力36.atom原子37.nucleus原子核38.electron电子39.neutron中子40.proton质子41.molecule分子42.particle粒子43.ion离子44.particleaccelerator粒子加速器45.catalysis(复数catalyses)催化作用46.catalyst催化剂47.artificial人造的48.synthetic合成的49.syntheticfiber人造纤维50.polymer聚合物51.polymerization聚合作用52.plastic塑料53.dye染料54.cosmetics化妆品八、physics物理1.physics物理2.mechanics力学3.thermodynamics热力学4.acoustics声学5.electromagnetism电磁学6.optics光学9.50.dynamics动力学force力velocity速度acceleration加速度equilibrium平衡statics静力学motion运动inertia惯性gravitation弓|力relativity相对gravity地心引力vibration震动medium(media)媒质frequency频率wavelength波长pitch音高intensity强度echo回声resonance回声，洪亮sonar声纳ultrasonics超声学electricity电staticelectricity静电magnetism磁性，磁力magnet磁体electromagnet电磁magneticfield磁场electriccurrent电流directcurrent(DC)直流电alternatingcurrent(AC)交流电electriccircuit电路electriccharge电荷electricvoltage电压electricshock触电electricappliance电器conductor导体insulator绝缘体semiconductor半导体battery(cell)电池drybattery干电池storagebattery蓄电池electronics电子学electronic电子的electroniccomponent(part)电子零件

5.76.77.九、mathematicsintegratedcircuit集成电路chip集成电器片，集成块electrontube电子管5.76.77.九、mathematics..2.13.14.mathematics数学mathematician数学家arithmetic算术calculation计算calculator计算器abacus算盘numeral数字sum和total（sumtotal）总和，总数aggregate总计fraction分数，小数decimal十进位，（十进）小数digit数字，数位percentage百分比7.58.addition力口法plus加上subtraction减法minus减去multiplication乘法multiplicationtable乘法表multiply乘以times乘以power乘方square平方division除法divide除以algebra代数quantity表示量的数（或符号）equation方程式，等式formula公式root根geometry几何geometric几何的dimension维paralleladj.平行的n.平行线quadrilateral四边形square正方形area面积rectangle长方形，矩形polygon多边形cube立方形volume体积sphere球形circle圆形ellipse（oval）椭圆形cone圆锥形circumference圆周diameter直径radius半径triangle三角形angle角degree（角）度calculus微积分differentialcalculus微分学integralcalculus积分学function函数probability概率statistics统计

quantitative量的，数量的qualitative质的，质量的deduction(inference)推论，演绎induction归纳十、agriculture农业....6.37.agrarian土地的，农业的pilot(experimental)试验性的harrow(rake)耙，耙土ridge田埂furrow犁沟plot(patch)小块地ranch农场，牧场plantation种植园orchard果园nursery苗圃seedbed苗床sickle镰刀spade铲，锹shovel(平头)铲pick稿tractor拖拉机cultivate(till)耕作sow(seed)播种harvest收割weed除草irrigate灌溉manure(fertilizer)月巴料spray喷洒(农药)insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest害虫rust锈病grain(cereal)谷物，谷粒granary(grainstore)粮仓mill碾，磨

38.30.81.corn玉米rice大米barley大麦sorghum高粱oats燕麦rye黑麦millet粟，小米vegetable蔬菜horticulture园艺学hydroponics水栽法，营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed)温室cabbage洋白菜lettuce生菜mustard芥菜spinach菠菜broccoli花椰菜cucumber黄瓜eggplant茄子pepper辣椒pumpkin南瓜tomato西红柿beet甜菜carrot胡萝卜radish小红萝卜pea豌豆soybean大豆celery芹菜garlic大蒜leek韭菜onion洋葱头potato土豆peanut花生sesame芝麻cotton棉花husbandry(animalhusbandry)畜牧业pasture牧场livestock家畜fowl(poultry)家禽cattle牛，家畜buffalo野牛dairy(dairycattle)奶牛dairyfarm孚L牛场hay(作饲料用)干草

haystack干草堆fodder(feed)饲料trough饲料槽barn(shed)牲口槽stable厩，马厩cowshed牛棚pigpen(hogpen,pigsty)猪圈sheepfold(sheeppen)羊栏roost(henhouse)鸡舍fishfarm养鱼场aquaculture水产养殖十一、animal动物..9.30.naturalselection自然选择class纲order目family科genus属suborder亚目species种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic(life)水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian(amphibiousanimal)两栖动物dinosaur恐龙bird鸟类extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物primates灵长目动物insect昆虫antenna(复数antennae)触须larva幼虫，幼体camouflage伪装pest害虫worm虫，蠕虫hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色蜥蜴regeneration再生turtle龟beast野兽33.74.domesticate驯I养predatory（carnivorous）食肉的predator捕食者prey（动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物scavenger食腐动物migrate迁移wing翅膀，翼bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat栖息地rodent啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如珊瑚）shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster对虾crab螃蟹clam蛤蜊sponge海绵coral珊瑚starfish海星canary金丝雀chirp（鸟，虫的叫声）唧唧squeak（老鼠等）吱吱porpoise海豚sloth树懒slothful懒惰的hygiene卫生sanitation卫生parasite寄生虫moth蛾caterpillar毛虫hordes（昆虫等）群swarms（昆虫等）群flock（鸟，羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落herd兽群bunch（花等）束，捧beaver海狸monogamous一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper诱捕动物者rhinoceros犀牛niche小生态环境vestige退化器官，遗迹oyster牡蛎fertilizer使…受精larvae幼虫tentacle触角homotherm恒温动物poikilotherm变温动物metabolism新陈代谢baboon狒狒breed（名词）品种，（动词）繁殖multiply（reproduce）繁殖hatch孵spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵offspring（young）解剖学anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物microbe微生物herbivorous食草的carnivorous食肉的104.omnivorous杂事的十二、plant植物botany植物学botanist植物学家botanical（botanic）植物的plant植物aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层，顶棚foliage（leaf）叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生

3.54.55.stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot(sprout)嫩芽，抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel(skin)果皮shell(硬)果壳husk(干)果壳；(玉米)苞叶trunk树干branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝bark树皮jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地，牧场prairie大草原shrub(bush)灌木cluster一簇(灌木)fern蕨类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用symbiosis共生wither(shrivel,fade)凋谢pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉pollination授粉cell细胞tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds种子everlasting永久的orchid兰花pollinate授粉crossbreed杂交shrub灌木sequoia红杉rootpressure根压cohesion-tension凝聚压力bore腔，肠column花柱symbiotic共生的immunity免疫organism生物，有机物necrosis坏死barren贫瘠futile无用的carbohydrate（starch）碳水化合物（淀粉），糖类glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命calorie卡路里（热量单位）malnourished营养不良的nutrition营养十三、politics政治constitution宪法legislation立法Democrats民主党Republicans共和党Amendment修正案Congress美国国会Senate参议院HouseofRepresentatives众议院monarchy君主制anarchism无政府主义federalsystem联邦制presidentialsystem总统制municipal市的，市政的metropolitan大都市的centralized中央集权的ideology意识形态maneuver擦略tariff关税immigrant移民institutionalize机构化election选举vote投票officeholding任职veto否决AmericanRevolution美国革命/独立战争IndependenceWar美国独立战争2.43.AmericanCivilWar美国内战radical激进的，根本的overturning颠覆性的independent独立的breathtaking激动人心的military军事的colonize拓殖，殖民percapita人均treason叛国conspiracy阴谋imprisonment监禁release释放pardon特赦accusation谴责，指控welfare福利patronage资助，赞助unionization联合，结合十四、education教育..9.10.11.educator教育家highereducation高等教育moralcharacter道德品质domain领域faculty全体教员alumni校友treasurer生活委员，财务大臣electivesystem选课制度curriculum课程（总称）discipline学科，管理learnbyrote死记硬背十五、music音乐..9.10.musicalinstrument乐器orchestra乐队string弦乐wind管乐shookrattle摇拨浪鼓pounddrum击鼓footbeat点脚，跺脚percussion震荡，打击乐器note音符score乐谱..4.movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbillymusic乡村音乐folkmusic民间音乐popmusic流行音乐classicalmusic古典音乐Jazz爵士乐六、astronomy天文astronomy天文学astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文台astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmicrays宇宙射线celestial天的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天体celestialmap(skyatlas)天体图celestialsphere天球dwarf(dwarfstar)矮星quasar类星体，类星射电源constellation星座galaxy(MilkyWay)新河系cluster星团solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋转，绕转twinkle闪烁nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球

35.Mars火星36.Jupiter木星37.Saturn土星38.Uranus天王星39.Neptune海王星40.Pluto冥王星41.orbit轨道42.spin旋转43.satellite卫星44.lunar月球的45.meteor流星46.meteorshower流星雨47.meteoroid流星体