卓越英语综合教程-第2册-book2unit

Unit7Listening能够听懂有关旅游观光的英语表达。Speaking学会与旅游观光相关的英语表达，能够进行相关话题的日常对话。ReadingIntensiveReading：本文讲述了偏振光对野生动物的危害。通过学习本文，要使学生了解更多的环境污染的种类及危害，引导学生树立正确的环保意识。

ExtensiveReading：本文介绍了全球变暖给蜘蛛带来的变化，分析了这种变化产生的原因。教学过程中，可使学生查找全球变暖的相关资料，了解全球变暖的主要原因及危害。

AppliedReading：本文是一篇书评。通过学习本文，要求学生了解书评的概念、分类、框架结构和语言特点。BasicWriting了解邀请函及回函的作用、分类，掌握其基本写法和常用的英语表达。LanguageGuideGrammarFocus：掌握therebe结构的用法。WordBuilding：掌握常见的表示国籍、语种、数量、方位的形容词后缀。

Objectives4SectionAListening1235SectionBSpeakingSectionCReadingSectionDPracticalWritingSectionELanguageGuideHighlightsSectionAListeningTopicIntroductionWarm-upActivitiesPronunciationGuideSentencesDialoguesPassage

假日里，没有什么比去旅行更让人激动的了。想好了要去的景点(scenicspot)，选择好出行路线(tourroute)，就可以去旅行社(travelagency)加入旅行团(tourgroup)了；如果有车的话你还可以设计一个自驾游(self-drivetour)。在旅游旺季(peakseason)出行，最好提前订好酒店。准备完毕，背上行囊，现在就出发！别忘了，带上好心情。哦，当然还有信用卡!TopicIntroduction①TempleofArtemisatEphesus②GreatPyramidofGiza③HangingGardensofBabylon④Terra-CottaWarriors⑤ColossusofRhodes⑥MausoleumofHalicarnassus⑦LighthouseofAlexandria⑧StatueofZeusatOlympiaWarm-upActivitiesGroup1/f/and/h/

1.All

(/f/,/h/)havebeencanceledbecauseoffog.2.Mostthingshavetwo

(/f/,/h/).3.The

(/f/,/h/)ofourtourisseeingthepalace.4.Heisunfortunatewhocannotbear

(/f/,/h/).5.Thelakewas

(/f/,/h/)overuntillatespring.PronunciationGuide1.flights(/f/)2.handles(/h/)3.highlight(/h/)4.misfortune(/f/)5.frozen(/f/)Group2/s/and/ʃ/1.ShyShellysayssheshallsew

(/s/,/ʃ/).2.Fromalittle

(/s/,/ʃ/)mayburstamightyflame.3.Sheepshouldn’tsleepina

(/s/,/ʃ/).Sheepshouldsleepinashed.4.Hewassmartenoughto

(/s/,/ʃ/)theopportunity.5.Whathedidwasa

(/s/,/ʃ/)wasteoftime.1.sheets(/ʃ/)2.spark(/s/)3.shack(/ʃ/)4.seize(/s/)5.sheer(/ʃ/)Group3

/v/and/w/1.Theriver

(/v/,/w/)downtothesea.2.Thisstarisnot

(/v/,/w/)tothenakedeye.3.Severebraindamageturnedhimintoa

(/v/,/w/).4.She’sa

(/v/,/w/)withcomputers.5.Nooneknowswhenthesocial

(/v/,/w/)belowmodernsocietywillerupt.1.winds(/w/)2.visibel(/v/)3.vegetable(/v/)4.wizard(/w/)

5.volcano(/v/)/f//h/,/s/

/ʃ/,/v//w/的发音对比相同点：/f/,/h/,/s/,/ʃ/,/v/都是摩擦辅音，发音时发音的器官形成狭窄的气流通道，不完全阻塞，气流逸出时摩擦或振动成音。不同点：/f//h/:/f/是唇齿音，气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，摩擦发音；

/h/是声门音，发音时声门张开，气流不受阻碍自由逸出口腔，只在通过声门时产生轻微摩擦。

/s//ʃ/:/s/是齿龈音，发音时舌尖靠近下齿龈；/ʃ/是硬腭齿龈音，发音时舌尖和舌端靠近上齿龈较后部，舌身两侧抬起贴近上颚。

/v//w/:/v/的发音方法与/f/相同，只是声带振动；/w/是双唇音、半元音，发音时舌后部向软腭抬起，双唇收得圆而小并向前突出。1.CanyoutellmethebestwaytogettoBird’sNest?C.TakebusNo.32.2.Willyougoinagroup?

A.No,Ipreferprivatetour.3.Anyseatpreferences?

B.Yes,I’dlikeawindowseat,please.4.Doyouhaveanyinformationaboutthescenicspotsinthiscity?C.Theyarereallyattractive.5.Whendoweboardtheplane?

C.At6:50am.SentencesDialoguesNewWordspack

vt.&vi.

收拾(行李)luggage

n.行李allowance

n.限额request

vt.

请求suitcase

n.手提箱disturb

vt.

打扰rucksack

n.背包Dialogue1W:I’vebeenlookingforyou.Whathaveyoubeendoing?M:Packing.WhatclothesshouldItake?W:It’shotinBeijingnow.Soyouneedn’ttaketheheavyclothes.ThoselightoneswillbeOK.Q:Whatisthemandoing?Dialogue2W:Roomservice,canIhelpyou?M:I’mgoingtoNewYorkearlytomorrowmorning.SoIwouldliketorequestanearlymorningcall.W:Noproblem.Atwhattimewouldyoulikeustocallyou?M:At6,please.Andbyphone,please.Idon’twanttodisturbmyneighbors.Q:Whatdoesthemanwantfortomorrowmorning?ScriptDialogue3W:It’ssohardtochoosewheretogofirstontoday’ssightseeingtrip!M:IreallywantedtomakesurethatIgotachancetogotothelocalbeach.W:Thatwouldbeafunbeginningtoourday.Wecouldwalkaroundthere.Q:Whatdothetwospeakersplantodotoday?Dialogue4M:Hello?Susan?W:Hello,Adam.IwanttodiscusssomeproblemsthatIamhavingwiththistour.M:Iamsorryyouarehavingadifficulttime.WhatmayIhelpyouwith?W:Thistourcompanydoesn’tseemtoknowthetownverywell.Wearealwaysgettinglost!Q:Whathashappenedtothewoman?Dialogue5M:Haveyougotanyluggagetocheck?W:Iwanttocheckthesethreepieces,twosuitcasesandarucksack.M:Isthatinsidethefreeallowance?W:It’sjustbelowthelimit.Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?1.B.Heispacking.2.A.Amorningcall.3.D.Gosightseeing.4.D.Shehadabadtour.5.A.Atanairport.1.lightones2.byphone3.gotachance4.havingadifficulttime5.checkAnswersPassageNewWordsoutline

vt.概述interest

n.利益monitor

vt.监视contract

n.

合同infringe

vt.&vi.

侵犯association

n.

协会inappropriately

adv.

不适当地administration

n.管理部门evidence

n.证据

Asmorepeoplechoosetotravel,thebreakingoflegalrightsoftenoccurs.Hereweoutlinethesituationsofcomplaintstohelpyouwhenyouneedhelp.Generallyspeaking,you,asatourist,cansubmitacomplaint:ifyouthinkyourtravelagencyhasfailedtoofferyouappropriateservice;ifyouthinkyourtravelagencydidnotcarryouttheagreedcontract;ifyouthinkyourtravelagencyhascausedbodilyinjuryorpropertydamage;ifyourtourguideordriverinappropriatelyasksfortipsorforcesyoutogivetips;ifyouthinkthatyourinterestshavebeeninfringeduponduringyourtravels.YoucancomplaindirectlytotheNationalTourismAdministrationortotheQualityMonitoringAdministrationinyourlocation.Certainly,youcanalsocomplaintothelocalConsumers’Association.Youmustgiveenoughevidenceforyourcomplaint.Inotherwords,youshouldpresentthetravelcontracts,thereceipts,etc.That’sthekeytoasuccessfulcomplaint.Script1.Whenandhowtosubmitcomplaintsduringtours.2.Three.1.T

2.F

3.F1.legalrights2.submitacomplaint,contracts,thekeyAnswersSectionBSpeaking

SituationalDialogues

HumorousStoryEasyLearningSituationalDialoguesitineraryn.行程open(tosth.)未决定的temperateadj.气候温和的bonus

n.奖金makeupone’smind作出决定destinationn.目的地narrowsth.down缩小范围NewWordsandPhrasesDialogue1Notes1.Iamopentosuggestionsatthispoint.在这一点上我愿意接受建议。2.Anicetemperateclimatewouldbebestforme.最好是温和、宜人的气候。Activities(C=clerk,E=Eric)C:Goodafternoon.WhatcanIdoforyou?E:Afternoon.I’dliketocreateatravelitinerary.C:Wherewouldyouliketogo,sir?E:Ihavenoidea.Iamopentosuggestionsatthispoint.C:Doyouenjoywarmweather,orareyoulookingforwardtoacoolervacation?E:Acoolerplacewouldbebestforme.Ilikeskiing.Whichplacedoyoumend?C:Er,howmuchmoneyisinyourbudgetforthistrip?E:Ihavejustwonfirstprizeinalotteryandplantospend20000yuanintraveling.C:Then,whydon’tyoutakealookatthesebrochuresthatmighthelpyoumakeupyourmind?Thesetripsareverypopularandtheticketsarealmostsoldout.E:Theselookgreat!C:Takeyourtimechoosingadestinationand,whenyou’venarroweditdown,I’llbehappytohelpyoumakeareservation.fascinatingadj.迷人的diverseadj.多种多样的removevt.脱去tranquilityn.安静meditatevi.冥想scarf

n.围巾，头巾veil

n.面纱curry

n.咖喱烧菜NewWordsandPhrasesDialogue2Notes

Itisexpectedthatpeoplekeeptheirvoicesdownoutofrespectforthosewhoaremeditating.出于对冥想者的尊重，人们通常要低声说话。(B=Becky,A=Aaron)B:Whatdoyouthinkofthecity?A:Ah,Ilovethiscity!I’venevertraveledtoaplacemorebeautifulthanit.B:Yes,itisreallyafascinatingcity!Youcanneverimaginetherearesomanybeautifulscenicspotsinasinglecity.A:Anditisquiteancientwithadiversepast.Thepagodainthetemplewesawjustnowisthousandsofyearsold,whichwasbuiltduringtheThreeKingdomsPeriod.B:Theremustbeabeautifullegendaboutit.A:Yeah.Nearlyeveryscenicspothasalegend.B:Suchas?A:TheSwordTestingStone,forexample.B:Goon,please.Ilikelegends,youknow.A:OK.LegendhasitthatinSpringandAutumnPeriod,GanJiangwasorderedbythekingtomakeaswordsharperthananyother.However,hecouldnotproducetheswordwhenthedeadlineapproached,sohiswifejumpedintothefurnace,inwhich,whenitcooleddown,Ganfoundapairofperfectswords.GanJiangnamedoneafterhimselfandtheotherafterhiswife.Hegavethelatterswordtotheking,whotesteditonthestoneandsplitit.B:Aha!It’sareallegend,beautiful,sadandimpressive.ActivitiesHumorousStoryActivitiesI.1.WhatbothersSwissmountainguideswhoalwaysdothesametourroutes?

Answeringthesamequestionsoverandover.2.DidtheguidegiverightanswerstotheEnglishtourist’squestions?

No,hedidn’t.TournearGlaciersActivitiesII.Keywords:

mountainguide,sametrail,gettiredof,samequestion,Englishtourist,sillyquestion,valley,rocks,bringdown,aglacier,peerupthemountain,goback,morerocksSuggestedanswer:SomeSwissmountainguidesalwaysdothesametrailsandtheyhateansweringthesamequestionsagainandagain.OnetimeanEnglishtouristwasannoyinghisguidewithreallysillyquestions.Theywerewalkingthroughamountainvalleyandthetouristaskedhowtherockshadgottothemountainvalley.Theguidetoldhimthattheyhadbeenbroughtdownbyaglacier.Butthetouristquestionedwhyhecouldn’tseeanyglacier.Then,theguidereplied,“Oh,really?Ithinkithasgonebackformorerocks.”①beingconsidered②moderneconomics③bargainingproblem④have⑤havethoughtof⑥abigday⑦thatage⑧thecase⑨thisnature⑩adietofEasyLearning

【情景】ThomasKing告知Nash他被考虑成为诺贝尔奖

候选人，Nash坦然相告自己目前的精神状态。ABeautifulMind(excerpts)

SectionCReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingAppliedReadingIntensiveReadingExercisesWarm-upExercises

TextVocabularyWarm-upExercisesI.①neonlamp

②signallamp

③fluorescentlamp

④safetylamp⑤oillamp⑥readinglamp⑦streetlamp⑧lanternTheUnbearableLightnessforBeings

Anenvironmentalstudyreportsthatpolarizedlightfromsurfaces,suchasasphaltandglassbuildings,isadverselyaffectingwildlifebehavior.Whethernaturalorartificial,wedon’tblinktwicewhenwe’reinthepresenceoflight.Buttowildlife,thetypesoflight,especiallyinurbanareas,matteralot.It’swelldocumentedthatartificiallight,whichoccursatnight,hasadverseeffectsonwildlife.AteamofinternationalresearchersaddedtothatlistinFrontiersinEcologyandtheEnvironment,reportingthatpolarizedlightwascausingspeciestochangetheirbehaviorinpotentiallydangerousways.VocabularyStructureNotesText

Occurringanytimeofday,polarizedlighthaslightwavesinwhichvibrationsoccuronasingleplane.Somewildlife,suchasbirds,insectsandreptiles,hashighlydevelopedpolarizationvisionandusesittodetectwater—aprimarysourceofnaturally-occurringhorizontalpolarizedlightbecauseofitssmoothflatsurface.However,asphalt,carsandglasswindowsareamongmanyurbanmaterialswithshinysurfacesthatcreateartificialpolarizedlight,andhaveledwildlifetobelievetheirsurfacesarebodiesofwater.Forinstance,babyseaturtles,whichrelyonstarlightandmoonlightreflectedoffthesurfaceofwater,havebeenfoundtoheadtowardsbrighterbuildingsandstreetlampsinurbanizedareasinstead.Likewise,researchersfoundstonefliesamongotherinsectsnestingonasphaltinsteadofwater.VocabularyStructureNotesResearchersalsoreportedthatpolarizedlightpollution(PLP)coulddisruptentirefoodwebsandmarinelife.Theypointedoutthatturtlesfrequentlyingestplastic,especiallytransparentplasticbags,becausetheyconfusethepolarizedlightfromthemasthatfromprey.Theteammendedthatalternativebuildingmaterialsbeusedtoeasetheproblem,amongothersolutions.Onaslightlypositivenote,theteamnotedthatconservationistscouldtakeadvantageofpolarizedlight,forexample,towardoffinsectspeciesthatdestroytrees.VocabularyStructureNotesPartParagraphMainIdea1Para.1~Para.2Polarizedlighthasadverseeffectsonwildlife.2Para.3~Para.5Itintroduceswhyandhowwildlifeisadverselyaffectedbypolarizedlight.3Para.6Theproblempolarizedlighthascausedcanbeeasedandpolarizedlightcanbemadeuseof.StructureTextVocabularyNotesunbearable

adj.难耐的，无法忍受的

bearableadj.可忍受的，能应付的lightness

n.明亮,光亮度；愉快，轻松polarize

vt.使(光波等)偏振vt.&vi.(使)两极化，截然对立

polarizationn.

(光的)偏振；两极化，截然对立

polarityn.(两种倾向、意见等的)截然对立，两极化asphalt

n.沥青，柏油affect

vt.

影响；(疾病)侵袭，感染；(感情上)深深打动

affectionn.喜爱，钟爱wildlife

n.

野生动物，野生生物artificialadj.

假肢

artificialintelligence

人工智能blinkvt.&vi.

眨眼睛

vi.

闪烁

blinkn.

眨眼睛

intheblinkofaneye

眨眼的功夫，很快TextStructureNotesVocabularyNewWords

TextStructureNotespresence

n.

存在，出现；在场，出席

makeyourpresencefelt

突显自己，对(人群或局势)发挥作用document

vt.

用文件证明(或证实)；记录,记载

n.

文件，文献

documentedevidence

有文件证明的证据

documentaryn.

记录影片occur

vi.

发生，出现；存在于，出现在

occurrencen.

发生的事情，存在的事物；发生，出现，存在adverse

adj.

不利的，有害的，反面的

adversityn.

逆境，困境effect

n.

影响，效应，结果

vt.

使发生，实现，引起

haveaneffecton

对……有影响frontier

n.(学科或活动的)尖端，边缘；国界，边境ecology

n.

生态学，生态

ecologicaladj.

生态学的，生态的

ecologistn.

生态学家；生态保护论者species

n.

物种，种TextStructureNotesvibration

n.

震动，颤动

vibratevt.&vi.(使)振动plane

n.

平面

adj.

平的，平坦的insect

n.

昆虫reptile

n.

爬行动物

reptilianadj.

爬行动物的highly

adv.

高标准地，高级地；非常，很

thinkhighlyof...

对……评价很高

speakhighlyofsb.

对某人高度赞扬sourcen.

来源，出处；信息来源

atsource

在源头，从一开始horizontal

adj.

水平的，与地面平行的

n.

横线，水平线

horizonn.

地平线material

n.

材料，原料

adj.

物质的

materialismn.

实利主义，物质主义；唯物主义

materialisticadj.

物质享乐主义的；贪图享乐的TextStructureNotesinstance

n.

例子，事例turtle

n.

龟，鳖rely

vi.

依靠，依赖；信任，信赖

relyon/upon

依靠，依赖；信任，信赖starlightn.

星光moonlight

n.

月光urbanizedadj.

城市化的；生活于城市的

urbanizationn.

城市化likewise

adv.

同样地，类似地；亦，也stonefly

n.

石蝇nest

vi.

筑巢，巢居

n.

鸟巢；窝pollution

n.

污染；污染物，垃圾

pollutevt.

污染，弄脏marine

adj.

海的，海产的

marinelife

海洋生物ingest

vt.

摄入，食入，咽下

ingestionn.

摄入TextStructureNotestransparentadj.透明的；易识破的，显而易见的transparencyn.透明，透明性；显而易见，一目了然confusevt.(将……)混淆；使糊涂，使迷惑confuse...and/with...(将……)混淆confusedadj.不清楚的，混乱的；糊涂的，迷惑的confusingadj.难以理解的confusionn.不确定，困惑；混淆preyn.猎物；受害者mendvt.建议，劝告；推荐mendsb.todosth./menddoingsth.建议某人做某事/建议做某事mend...to...把……推荐给……mendationn.提议；推荐，介绍；推荐信alternativeadj.可供替代的n.可供选择的事物easevt.&vi.(使)缓解，减轻，宽慰n.容易，不费劲easeoff减轻，放松at(one’s)ease舒适，自由自在TextStructureNotessolution

n.

解决办法，处理手段

asolutionto

……的解决方法slightly

adv.

稍微，略微positiveadj.

积极乐观的；有助益的，正面的conservationist

n.

自然环境保护主义者destroyvt.

破坏，摧毁，毁灭inthepresenceof

存在……的情况下；在……面前，有……在场pointout(tosomebody)(向某人)指出；指(给某人)看takeadvantageof

利用；欺骗，占……的便宜wardoff

防止，避免(危险，疾病，攻击等)TextStructureNotes

PhrasesandExpressionsNotes

1.Whethernaturalorartifcial,wedon’tblinktwicewhenwe’reinthepresenceoflight.无论在自然光线还是人造光线下，我们的视觉系统都不受影响。

whethernaturalorartificial为whether引导的让步状语从句，whether后省略了it(指代句中的light)is。状语从句中经常出现省略现象。如果从句主语与主句主语一致或是it，且谓语动词为be时，则从句的主语和系动词常省略。

e.g.1)When(wateris)pure,waterisacolorlessliquid.水清时，是无色的液体。

2)If(itis)necessary,theywerereadytodiefortheircountry.必要时，他们愿为国捐躯。TextStructureVocabularyNotes

2.Theteammendedthatalternativebuildingmaterialsbeusedtoeasetheproblem,amongothersolutions.研究人员建议，在所有解决方案中，首先应该考虑使用其他建筑材料来缓解这个问题。mend在句中意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句使用了虚拟语气。在表示建议、命令、要求等语气的动词引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，具体结构为“should+动词原形”，should可省略。常见的此类动词有advice,mend,suggest,order,require,demand,request,insist等。e.g.1)Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.我建议下周召开个会议。2)Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.他坚决要求被派到那儿去。TextStructureVocabularyReadingComprehension①adverseeffects②dangerous③flatsurface④detect⑤urbanmaterials⑥brighterbuildings⑦easetheproblem⑧takeadvantageofT、F、F、F、T、FIII.1.Somewildlifehashighlydevelopedpolarizationvisionandusesittodetectobject,suchaswaterorprey.However,polarizedlightcausedbymaterialswithshinysurfaceshasledwildlifetobelievethatthesematerialsaretheirobjects.2.Weshouldusealternativebuildingmaterialstoeasetheproblemithascausedandtakeadvantageofit,forexample,towardoffinsectspeciesthatdestroytrees.Exerciseseffect效应，影响，结果：名词，指因某种行为、原因直接产生的结果。有时可用作动词，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“使产生”等。e.g.1)Themedicinehasnoeffectatall.2)Thesedevelopmentshaveeffectedaradicalchangeinsociallife.affect影响：动词，主要指一时的影响；可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响。e.g.1)Thetaxincreaseshaveaffectedusall.2)Agatheringofbadmoodandfeelingswillaffectourhealth.influence影响，作用：动词或名词，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。e.g.1)Don’tletmeinfluenceyourdecision.2)Listeningtothemusichasagreatinfluenceonher.VocabularyPractice1.influence2.effect3.influenced4.effect5.affect6.effected7.affected8.effectedII.1.source2.detect3.alternative4.occurred5.artificial6.positivc7.planes8.adverseIII.1.

inthepresenceof2.pointout3.tookadvantageof4.forinstance5.relyon6.wardoffExercisesI.1.Itisdocumentedthatthisplaceusedtobeanancientcity.2.IalwaysconfuseJohnwithhisbrotherbecausetheyareverymuchalike.3.Imendthatyouthinkverycarefullybeforeyoumakeanydecision.4.Igavehimapilltoeasethepain.5.Theyarelookingforasolutiontotheproblem.II.1.D2.B3.B4.ATranslationTrainingPartParagraphMainIdea1Para.1~Para.3Scientistsfoundthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtobiggerandpossiblymorespidersthroughresearch.2Para.4ItseemsthatwarmertemperaturesmakefemalesofPardosaglacialisemuchbiggerthanmales.3Para.5~Para.7Itintroducesthepossiblereasonswhywarmingseemstobemakingspidersbiggerandtheeffectsthattheselargerspiderswillbring.ExtensiveReadingStructure

SpidersGettingBigger:GlobalWarmingtoBlame?Exercises1.

D2.B3.A4.C5.DAppliedReadingNotes

1.It’sawake-upcalldesignedtoinspireustothinkaboutthepathwe’reonandquestionwhetherwearebeingtruetoourcalling.它是对觉醒的呼唤，激励我们去思索我们正在走的路，去反问自己是否忠实于自己的使命。

2.Iwouldhavebeenmoresatisfiedwiththestoryifhis“treasure”wasalifeoflove,adventureandampleprosperity—alifelivedwellratherthanalifelivedlavishly.如果他找到的“财宝”是充满爱、奇遇和成功的生活——很有价值和意义的一生，而非奢华富有的一生，那么我会更加喜欢这个故事。BookReviewonTheAlchemistExercises1.

In1988.2.BecausehewantstogototheEgyptianpyramidstolookfortreasure.3.AnEnglishmanonaquestforthesecretsofalchemy.4.Becausetheobstaclestheyfacemakethemstopthepursuitoftheirdreams.5.Three.SectionDPracticalWritingLettersofInvitation&ReplyLettersofInvitation&Reply

邀请函和回函是社会交往中常见的通信形式，主要用于日常交往、商务活动和外事活动中，可分为正式和非正式两种。正式邀请函一般用于正式的、大型的社交活动中，如重要会议、正式晚宴等。非正式的邀请函主要用于非正式的社交场合，如请朋友吃饭、看电影等。

一、邀请函及回函的基本内容

邀请函和回函与其他信函一样，通常由信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结尾礼词和签名等几部分组成。其中，在非正式的邀请函和回函中，信内地址经常省略。邀请函邀请函需说明邀请的原因和活动的时间、地点及安排等；邀请函的语言要简短而热情。

(1)活动时间必须全面准确，包括具体日期(年份可不写)、星期和时间。

(2)活动地点通常只需写明具体场所而无需写具体地址。

(3)邀请函可根据具体情况做附带说明，如活动目的、服装要求等。回函回函分为接受邀请的回函和谢绝邀请的回函。回函中应明确表明接受邀请还是不接受邀请，不能含糊其辞，语言要简短而诚恳。

二、邀请函及回函的基本格式

邀请函的格式与其他信函一致。回函的格式一般要与收到的邀请函的格式一致，即正式的邀请函要采用正式的回函，非正式的邀请函则采用非正式的回函。此外，部分正式邀请函还可采用请柬的形式，如邀请参加宴会、招待会、活动的开幕式和闭幕式等。

请柬式回函范例：Mr.andMrs.BillJohnsonacceptwithpleasureMr.andMrs.JoeSmith’skindinvitationfordinnerat6:00pmonSaturday,JulythetwentiethatHeavenlyPondHotel

三、邀请函及回函中的常用表达

发出邀请

接受邀请

拒绝邀请

I.

June23,2010DearMr.Lee,Wewouldliketoinviteyoutoanexclusivepresentationofournewmobilephone.ThepresentationwillstartatMingzhuHotel,at8:08amonAugust8.Weareplanningachampagnebreakfast.Dresswillbeinformalbusinesswear.WillyoupleasenotifyusbeforeAugust6whetherwecanexpectyou?Yourstruly,HelenCarterMarketingManagerExercisesII.1.Accepttheinvitation:December21,2010DearEmma,

ItisverykindofyoutoinvitemetotheChristmasparty.IamdelightedtoaccepttheinvitationandIwillbethereonDecember24at7pm.

It’sdelightfultoseeouruniversityclassmatesagain.Iwillexpectthatdayfromnowon.

Yours,

Jessica2.Declinetheinvitation:December21,2010DearEmma,

ManythanksforyourkindinvitationtometotheChristmaspartyonDecember24at7:30pm.However,unfortunately,IwillhaveajourneytoBeijingonDecember22andwillbethereforaboutoneweek.Therefore,Iamunabletoattendtheparty,muchasIwouldhavelikedtodoso.

Ihopetherewillbeanotheropportunityinthenearfuturetomeetyouandtheotherclassmates.Hopeyou’llhaveagoodtimeattheparty!

Yours,

JessicaSectionELanguageGuideGrammarFocusWordBuildingThefollowingaresentenceswith“therebe”structure.Comparetheformsoftheverb“be”andfndouttheirdifferences.Therewerethreestudentsintheclassroomthen.Therehasneverbeenanybodylikeyou.Therebeingnomorefoodandwater,thethreetouristswereindanger.Idon’twanttheretobeanymisunderstandingbetweenus.FindingFeaturesGrammarFocus“Therebe”StructureKnowingtheGrammar

therebe结构是表示存在的基本句型，基本结构为“therebe+名词+其他”。该结构是倒装句的一种，be是谓语动词，主语是be动词后面的名词，there是引导词，无实际含义。一、therebe句型的时态

therebe句型没有语态变化，但有时态的变化，常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时等。二、therebe句型的用法

(1)therebe结构的基本用法表示“在某地或某时存在某人、某物或某事”。

(2)动词be应与后面的名词主语保持数的一致，如果几个并列名词做主语时，动词be应与最近的名词保持数的一致。

(3)动词be前可用半助动词，如beaboutto,becertainto,begoingto,belikelyto,hadbetter,haveto,usedto,appear/seem/happento等，或与各种情态动词连用(表示推测)。

(4)除be之外,某些表示存在概念的不及物动词也可以用于这种句型，如come,develop,exist,fall,follow,flash,happen,lie,live,occur,remain,rise,stand等。这些动词可以有时态变化，及物动词还可以有语态变化。

(5)therebe结构的非谓语动词形式有theretobe和therebeing两种形式，在句中可做主语、宾语和状语。

1.therebe句型中主语的修饰词

在therebe句型中，做主语的名词常是非确定特指，故一般不用this,that,these,those等指示限定词修饰，而用不定冠词、基数词、量词、不定限定词等表示非确定意义的限定词修饰。

2.there