2020高三英语精准培优专练10：阅读理解-推理判断题(附解析)

2020高三英语精准培优专练10：阅读理解----推理判断题（附解析）一、真题在线Passage1（2019·浙江卷，A）ZachariahFikehasanunusualhobby.Hefindsoldmilitary(军队的)medalsforsaleinantiquestoresandontheInternet.Butunlikemostcollectors,Zactracksdownthemedals’rightfulowners,andreturnsthem.HisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbeganwithaChristmasgiftfromhismother,aPurpleHeartwiththenameCorradoA.G.Piccoli,foundinanantiqueshop.ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthemedal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.ThroughtheInternet,ZactrackeddownCorrado’ssisterAdelineRockko.Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewomanfloodedhimwithquestions:“Whoareyou?Whatantiqueshop?”However,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackandapologized.SoonshedrovetomeetZacinWatertown,N.Y.“Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness,”Zacsays.“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme.”ThePiccolisgrewupthechildrenofItalianimmigrantsinWatertown.Corrado,atranslatorfortheArmyduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope.BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn’trealizedthemedalwasmissing.Likemanymilitarymedals,theoneZac’smotherhadfoundwasafamilytreasure.“Thismedalwasveryprecioustomyparents.Onlyonspecialoccasions(场合)wouldtheytakeitoutandletusholditinourhands,”Adelinesays.Asachild,Adelinecouldn’tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.“ButasIgrewolder,”Adelinesays,“andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft.”CorradoPiccoli’sPurpleHeartmedalnowhangsattheItalianAmericanCivicAssociationinWatertown.ZacrecentlyreturnedanotherlostmedaltoafamilyinAlabama.SincehefirstreunitedCorrado’smedal,Zacsayshisrecordisnow5for5.21.WheredidZacgetaPurpleHeartmedalforhimself？A.Inthearmy.B.Inanantiqueshop.C.Fromhismother.D.FromAdelineRockko.22.WhatdidZacrealizewhenAdelinedrovetomeethim?A.Shewasveryimpolite.B.Shewasseriousaboutthemedal.C.Shesuspectedhishonesty.D.Shecamefromawealthyfamily.23.WhatmadeAdelinetreasurethePurpleHeart?A.Herparents’advice.B.Herknowledgeofantiques.C.Herchildhooddream.D.Hermemoryofherbrother.Passage2（2019·上海卷，C）Everythingaboutnuclearenergyseemsterrificallybig:thecost,constructionanddecommissioning—andthefearsofsomethinggoingbadlywrong.Thefuture,howevermaywellbemuchsmaller.Dozensofcompaniesareworkingonanewgenerationofreactorsthat,theypromise,candelivernuclearpoweratlowercostandreducedrisk.Thesesmall-scaleplantswillonaveragegeneratebetween50MWand300MWofpowercomparedwiththe1,000MW-plusfromaconventionalreactor.Theywilldrawonmodularmanufacturingtechniquesthatwillreduceconstructionrisk,whichhasplaguedlarger-scaleprojects.Supportersbelievetheseadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)—mostofwhichwillnotbecommercialuntilthe2030s—arecriticalifatomicpoweristocompeteagainsttherapidlyfallingcostsofsolarandwind.“Thephysicshasn’tchanged.It’saboutmuchclevererdesignthatoffersmuch-neededflexibilityintermsofoperation,”saidTimStone,long-termindustryadviserandchairmanofNuclearriskInsurers,whichinsuresnuclearsitesintheUK.SincetheFukushimameltdowninJapanin2011,safetyfearshavethreatenednuclearpower.Butthebiggestobstacletodayiseconomic.InwesternEurope,justthreeplantsareunderconstruction:intheUKatHinkleypointCinSomerset;atFlamanvilleinFrance;andatOlkiluotoinFinland.AllinvolvetheEuropeanPressurizedReactortechnologyofEDFthatwillbeusedatHinkleyPoint.Allarerunningyearslateandoverbudget.IntheUS,thefirsttwonuclearprojectsunderwayforthepast30yearsarealsoblowingthroughcostestimates.TheUK,whichopenedtheworld’sfirstcommercialnuclearreactorin1956,isoneofthefewwesternnationscommittedtorenewingitsageingfleettoensureenergysecurityandmeettoughcarbonreductiontargets.Itisseenasaprovingground,bymanyintheindustry,ofnuclearpower’sabilitytorestoreconfidence.However,thecountry’sagreementwithEDFtobuildtwounitsatHinkleyPoint—whichtogetherwillgenerate3.2GWofelectricity—hascomeunderseverecriticismoveritscost.Thegovernmentislookingatdifferentfundingmodelsbutsaiditstillseesnuclearpowerasvitaltothecountry’sfutureenergymix.Smallreactors,itbelieves,havethepotentialtogeneratemuch-neededpowerfromthe2030s.Anuclearsectordeal,unveiledlastmonth,promisedupto￡56minfundingforresearchanddevelopmentintoAMRsandattractedinterestofstart-upsfromaroundtheworld.ThegovernmenthopesthefundingwillgivetheUKaleadintheglobalracetodevelopthesetechnologies,helpingtoprovideenergysecuritywhilealsocreatingamultibillion-dollarexportmarketforBritishengineeringcompanies.63.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)?A.AMRsproducemorepowerthantraditionalreactors.B.Smallinscale,AMRsrosemoresafetyrisks.C.Sofar,mostAMRshavenotbeenputintouseyet.D.GovernmentspreferenergyofsolarandwindtothatofAMRs.64.Inparagraph5,theauthormentionstheplantsinWesternEuropeandtheUSto________.A.provethatnuclearpowerhasbeenthreatenedbysafetyconcernB.showthattheconstructionofnuclearpowerplantscostmorethanthebudgetavailableC.indicatetheconstructionofnuclearplantsareslowinspeedD.pointoutthatmostpowerplantshaveadoptedthelatestnucleartechnology65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Somepeoplehavelostconfidenceinthedevelopmentofnuclearplants.B.TheUKgovernmentseekstoreducethenegativeimpactofnuclearpoweronitseconomy.C.TheplantobuildtwopowerplantsinHinkleyPointhasbeendeserted.D.akindcostsforsmallmodularreactorswouldbehigherrelativetolargenuclearreactors.66.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?A.BritaincountsonnuclearenergytokeeplightsonB.TraditionalnuclearplantsboomwithminireactorsC.Nuclear’sshareofpowergenerationremainsteadD.NuclearpowerlookstoshrinkitswaytosuccessPassage3（2019·北京卷，C）Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A.Panicked.

B.Confused.

C.Embarrassed.

D.Disappointed.39.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan________.A.aimatvictimsprecisely

B.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidly

D.spreadinformationwidely40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnologyPassage4（2018·全国新课标，C）Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport’skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Children’sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren’sbooks.C.Children’safter-classactivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.29.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”?A.Inparagraph2.

B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.

D.Inparagraph5.30.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.31.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthemtowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.二、对点专练Passage1Pleasetakeafewsecondsandthinkofyourpersonalbiggestgoal.Imaginetellingsomeoneyoumeettodaywhatyou’regoingtodo.Imaginetheircongratulationsandtheirhighimageofyou.Doesn’titfeelgoodtosayitoutloud?Don’tyoufeelonestepcloseralready?Well,badnews:youshouldhavekeptyourmouthshut,becausethatgoodfeelingwillmakeyoulesslikelytodoit.Anytimeyouhaveagoal,thereissomeworkthatneedstobedonetoachieveit.Ideally,youwouldnotbesatisfieduntilyou’dactuallydonethework.Butwhenyoutellsomeoneyourgoalandheacknowledges(认可)it,psychologistshavefoundit’scalleda“socialreality”.Themindiskindoftrickedintofeelingthatit’salreadydone.Andthen,becauseyou’vefeltthatsatisfaction,you’relessmotivatedtodotheactualhardworknecessary.Thisgoesagainstthetraditionalwisdomthatweshouldtellourfriendsourgoals,right?In1982,PeterGollwitzer,aProfessorofPsychology,wroteawholebookaboutthis.Andin2009,hedidsomenewteststhatwerepublished.Itgoeslikethis:163peopleacrossfourseparatetests—everyonewrotedowntheirpersonalgoal.Thenhalfofthemannouncedtheircommitment(许诺)tothisgoaltotheroom,andhalfdidn’t.Theneveryonewasgiven45minutesofworkthatwoulddirectlyleadthemtowardstheirgoal,buttheyweretoldthattheycouldstopatanytime.Nowthosewhokepttheirmouthsshutworkedtheentire45minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidtheyfelttheyhadalongwaytogotoachievetheirgoal.Butthosewhohadannounceditquitafteronly33minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidthattheyfeltmuchclosertoachievingtheirgoal.1.Whatdothewords“socialreality”inParagraph2mean?A.Completionofthegoal.B.Necessaryhardwork.C.People’sacknowledgement.D.Asenseofsatisfaction.2.WhatdoesPeterGollwitzertrytotellus?A.Writingdownthegoalisveryhelpful.B.Achievingpersonalgoalneedsmoretime.C.Keepingthegoalsecretmakespeopleworkharder.D.Makingthegoalpublicmakespeoplelesssatisfied.3.HowdidPeterGollwitzerprovehisideaaboutpeople’sgoal?A.Bygivingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingasurvey.D.Bymakingcomparisontests.4.Whatwillprobablyhappenifyoutellyourfriendsyourgoal?A.Youwillbemoreconfident.B.Youwillnotgainsatisfaction.C.Youarelesslikelytorealizeit.D.You’llbemuchmoremotivated.Passage2Increasingnumbersofairports,especiallyinEurope,arepromotinga“silentairport”idea.Itistoreducenoisepollution,suchasairport-wideannouncements,withoutsacrificingtimelyandhelpfulupdatesofinformation.Internationalairportswereoncecharacterizedbytheirhighvoices,competinggateannouncementsandsoon.Thisisallchanging.AngelaGittens,directorgeneralofAirportsCouncilInternational(ACI),saysthereisagrowingdesireamongairportsandairlinestheyservetocreateacalm,relaxedatmospherewithoutbeingdisturbedbyannouncements.“Passengerscanrelaxwhiletheywaitfortheirflighttoboardinthecommonairsidelounges(休闲区),andfoodanddrinkareas,”shesays.InJune,HelsinkiAirportinFinland—acountrywherethetourismslogan(口号)is“silence,please”—becamethemostrecentairporttoadoptthesilentconcept.Aspartofitscommitmenttoquietingthingsdown,announcementsforflightsaremadeonlyinboardinggateareas.Losttrackoftimeintheshops?Toobad.Nobody’sgoingtocallyoutoyourflight,asannouncementsinallterminalswillbemadeonlyinexceptional(尤其)emergencycircumstances.HeikkiKoski,vicepresidentofHelsinkiAirport,saysthatimprovedflightinformationdisplaysystemandinteractivekiosks(交互式自助服务机),togetherwithadvancesinmobiletechnology,arechangingthewayairportscommunicatewithpassengers.AtMunichairport,InfoGatekiosksallowforvideo-basedface-to-faceconversationwithalivecustomerservicerepresentativeinthetraveler’slanguageofchoice.Interactivesigns,ontheotherhand,givedirectionsatthetouchoffinger.Passengerscantapa“youarehere”displaytogetdirectionsandapproximatewalkingtimetotheirdestinations.Ofcourse,anairportwillneverbeassilentasatemple.Therewillcontinuetobeaneedforairport-wideemergencyannouncementsalongwithboardingcalls.Butatsilentairports,thelattercanberestrictedtospecificgates,ashasadoptedinHelsinki.5.WhatisAngelaGittens’opiniononthesilentairportconcept?A.Itmakesairportnoise-free.B.Itisintendedforpassengers’benefit.C.Ithaschangedinternationalairports’reputation.D.Ithasencouragedthecateringindustryinairports.6.WhatshouldpassengerspaycloseattentiontoatHelsinkiAirport?A.Theirboardingtime.B.Finland’stourismslogan.C.Theshop’sopeninghours.D.The“youarehere”display.7.WhyisMunichAirportmentionedinthetext?A.Toshowitspopularity.B.TointroduceInfogatekiosks.C.ToproveHeikkiKoski’swords.D.TobecomparedwithHelsinkiAirport.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Silence,please.Thisisanairport.B.Canairportsbeasquietastemples?C.Silentairportsallaroundtheworld.D.Technologyhelpsairportsbecomeinteractive.Passage3September8,2017,wasanexcitingdateforKateyWalterAnthony.Onthiscool,windlesseveningshefirstvisitedAlaska’sLakeEsieh.Fewpeoplevisitthisremoteareaofwilderness,coveredbyfrozengroundwithsprucetrees.Thousandsoflakesdottheregion.ButWalterAnthonyquicklyrealizedthatthislakewasstrange.Asherboatmovedacrossit,shecametoaplacewherethewaterseemedtobeboiling.Thewaterwasn’twarm.Bubblesofallsizesstreamedup,poppingatthesurface.Onebubble,aslargeasasoftball,gaveoffaloudsoundasitburst.Thebubbles,whichrosewithsuchforcethattheyslowlypushedherboattotheside,coveredapartofthelakelargerthanafootballfield.WalterAnthonyleanedovertheedgeoftheboatandcollectedsomebubblesinabottle.Thenshestruckamatchandopenedthebottletoreleasethegasshehadjustcollected.Thegascaughtfire!Thefiredancingoverthebottleconfirmedherbelief.Itshowedthatthelakewasflowingoutagascalledmethane(甲烷).Eachmolecule(CH4)containsoneatomofcarbonbondedtofouratomsofhydrogen.Asastronggreenhousegas,itcanabsorbradiationfromthesun,warmingtheatmosphere.Methane,alongwithcarbondioxide,isamajorsourceofglobalwarming.ScientistsbelievethattheArcticcouldreleaselargeamountsofmethaneoverthenext100years.Someofthemworrythatthismethanewillcausetheworldtowarmmorequicklythantheyhadpredicted.WalterAnthonyhasspentnearly20yearstryingtounderstandthisthreat.SheistryingtomeasurehowmuchmethaneiscomingoutofwarmingArcticlakes.Andtoher,LakeEsiehcouldbeawarning.Ifotherlakesrespondthesameway,theArcticcouldbepoisedtoflowoutfarmoremethanethananyonehadexpected.“Wedon’tevenknowhowmuchgasisdownthere,”shesays.“It’sawildcard.”9.WhyisLakeEsiehconsideredstrange?A.Thewaterthereisboiling.B.Itislocatedinaremotearea.C.Bubblestheregiveoffaloudsound.D.Itisflowingoutagasthatcancatchfire.10.Whateffectdoesthegasfromthelakehaveontheenvironment?A.ItwarmsthewateroftheArcticlakes.B.ItpollutesthefreshairintheArctic.C.IttakesinthesunlightandholdstheArcticice.D.Itabsorbscarbondioxideandgivesoffoxygen.11.HowdoesWalterAnthonyfeelaboutthegasmethane?A.Itisamusing.B.Itisbeneficial.C.Itisablessing.D.Itisathreat.12.Wheremightthistextcomefrom?A.Asciencefiction.B.Atouristbrochure.C.Asciencereport.D.Ageographytextbook.Passage4Whenmenandwomentakepersonalitytests,someoftheoldMars-Venusstereotypes(定式)keepreappearing.Onaverage,womenaremorecooperative,kind,cautiousandemotionallyenthusiastic.Mentendtobemorecompetitive,confident,rudeandemotionallyflat.Cleardifferencesappearinearlychildhoodandneverdisappear.What’snotclearistheoriginofthesedifferences.Evolutionarypsychologiststhinkthatthesearenaturalfeaturesfromancienthuntersandgatherers.Anotherschoolofpsychologistsarguesthatbothsexes’personalitieshavebeenshapedbytraditionalsocialroles,andthatpersonalitydifferenceswillshrinkaswomenspendlesstimetakingcareofchildrenandmoretimeinjobsoutsidethehome.Totestthesehypotheses(假设),aseriesofresearchteamshaverepeatedlyanalyzedpersonalityteststakenbymenandwomeninmorethan60countriesaroundtheworld.Forevolutionarypsychologists,thebadnewsisthatthesizeofthegendergapinpersonalityvariesamongcultures.Forsocial-rolepsychologists,thebadnewsisthatthechangeisgoinginthewrongdirection.ItlooksasifpersonalitydifferencesbetweenmenandwomenaresmallerintraditionalcultureslikeIndia’sorZimbabwe’sthanintheNetherlandsortheUnitedStates.Ahusbandandastay-at-homewifeinapatriarchal(男权的)Botswananclan(部族)seemtobemorealikethanaworkingcoupleinDenmarkorFrance.ThemoreVenusandMarshaveequalrightsandsimilarjobs,themoretheirpersonalitiesseemtoseparate.Thesefindingsaresounbelievablethatsomeresearchershavearguedtheymustbeduetocross-culturalproblemswiththepersonalitytests.Butaccordingtonewdatafrom40.000menandwomenonsixcontinents,DavidP.Schmittandhiscolleaguesconcludethatthetrendsarereal.Dr.Schmitt,apsychologistatBradleyUniversityinIllinoisandthedirectoroftheInternationalSexualityDescriptionProject,suggeststhataswealthymodernsocietieslevel(使平等)thebarriersbetweenwomenandmen,someancientinternaldifferencesarebeingdeveloped.Thebiggestchangesrecordedbytheresearchersinvolvethepersonalitiesofmen,notwomen.Menintraditionalagriculturalsocietiesandpoorercountriesseemmorecautiousandanxious,lessconfidentandlesscompetitivethanmeninthemostprogressiveandrichcountriesofEuropeandNorthAmerica.Toexplainthesedifferences,Dr.SchmittandhispartnersfromAustriaandEstoniapointtothehardshipsoflifeinpoorercountries.Theynotethatinsomeotherspecies,environmentalstresstendstoextremelyaffectthelargersex.And,theysay,thereareexamplesofstressdecreasingbiologicalsexdifferencesinhumans.13.Accordingtopersonalitytests,thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenbegintoexist________.A.occasionallyandtemporarilyB.randomlyandforeverC.regularlyandconstantlyD.earlyandpermanently14.WhatisstatedinParagraph2istoindicate________.A.psychologistshavenowaytoknowtheoriginofthedifferencesB.expertsfightagainstoneanotherC.theexplanationforthedifferencesisopentotestsD.womenwillsolvetheproblemofthepersonalitydifferences15.Nowresearcherstendtobelievethatthedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen________.A.originatefromancienthuntersandgatherersB.areshapedbytraditionalsocialrolestheyplayC.areaffectedbytraditionalculturesD.varyfromoneculturetoanother16.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDr.Schmitt?A.Hedoesn’trecognizethefindingsabove.B.Hethinkssocialenvironmentcontributestosomeinternaldifferences.C.Hebelieveswealthywomenandmenareequal.D.Hehasnoexamplestoexplainthedifferencesatall.答案一、真题在线Passage1（2019·浙江卷，A）【答案】21-23ABD【解析】这是一篇记叙文。ZachariahFike有一个不同寻常的爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的原主人（及其家人）。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的原由。21.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthemedal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚PurpleHeart。故A项正确。22.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme.”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚PurpleHeart开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。故B选项正确。23.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado,atranslatorfortheArmyduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope.”和倒数第三段中的“‘ButasIgrewolder,’Adelinesays,‘andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft.’”可知，这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。Passage2（2019·上海卷，C）【答案】63-66CBAD【解析】本文属于新闻，主要讲述当前核能开发存在耗资巨大和泄漏风险的问题，因此人们正对这种技术失去信心，但是由于新的核能发电方式AMRs的出现，可能会扭转这种情况63.推理判断题。根据第三段“Supportersbelievetheseadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)—mostofwhichwillnotbecommercialuntilthe2030s—arecriticalifatomicpoweristocompeteagainsttherapidlyfallingcostsofsolarandwind.可知，大多数AMRs需要到21世纪30年代才能商业化使用，也就是说现在还没有投入使用，故选C。64.推理判断题。根据第五段“AllinvolvetheEuropeanPressurizedReactortechnologyofEDFthatwillbeusedatHinkleyPoint.Allarerunningyearslateandoverbudget.IntheUS,thefirsttwonuclearprojectsunderwayforthepast30yearsarealsoblowingthroughcostestimates.”可知，所有的核电站都没有按期投入使用，也超出预算，故选B。65.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Itisseenasaprovingground,bymanyintheindustry,ofnuclearpower’sabilitytorestoreconfidence.”可知，这可以被看作是一个恢复对核能利用的信心的试验场，由此可知，很多人对核能的发展失去了信心，故选A。66.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述当前核能开发存在耗资巨大和泄漏风险的问题，因此人们正对这种技术失去信心，但是由于新的核能发电方式AMRs的出现，可能会扭转这种情况。故可知，本文标题为D选项，核能通往成功的路越来越窄，故选D。Passage3（2019·北京卷，C）【答案】38-41DABC【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要电话运营商和消费者共同努力。38.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可知，我们认识到了问题的严重性，支持和开发了旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。39.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以