Unit+1+Using+language+Grammar+课件 【 基础夯实+ 精讲精研】 高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

Unit

1

ANewStartUsinglanguage102GrammarReview:basicsentencestructuresGrammar:basicsentencestructures

Matchthesentencesthatsharethesamestructures.1.Isawawhite-hairedman.2.Ireplied.3.Hegavemeasmile.4.Ibreatheddeeply.5.Ilookedattheminpanic.6.Iwasembarrassed.7.Hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed!a.Hewasfriendly.b.Theexammademequitenervous.c.Ipassedhimabook.d.Sheagreed.e.Hewrotealongletter.f.Hetalkedloudly.g.Shelookedafterhersisterpatiently.Structure1Ireplied.Sheagreed.S(Subject)V(Verb)主语谓语主语：句子所要描述或说明的主体；表示句子说的是什么人或什么事相关的信息。Usuallyatthebeginningofasentencen.

/

pron.

/doing/todo/

numeral/clause…vi.主语：主语就是一句话主要叙述的对象或者这句话主要讲的内容。1.Thebookisexpensive.2.Chinaisverylarge./Nickisateacher.3.Theyarehappy.4.Thisismypen.5.Eightisaluckynumber.6.TolearnEnglishiseasy.7.LearningEnglishisfunny.8.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.9.WhatIloveisthebeautyofthecity.（普通名词作主语）（专有名词/人名作主语）（人称代词作主语）（指示代词作主语）（数词作主语）（不定式作主语）（动名词作主语）（名词化形容词作主语）（从句作主语）Structure1Ireplied.Sheagreed.S(Subject)V(Verb)主语谓语主语：句子所要描述或说明的主体；表示句子说的是什么人或什么事相关的信息。Usuallyatthebeginningofasentencen.

/

pron.

/doing/todo/

numeral/clause…谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。Usuallyafterthesubjectverb/

phrasalverbvi.②谓语：说明主语动作或者状态的词语。牢记：只有动词原形(do)及其因人称和时态的变形可以充当谓语！“todo,doing,done”三种形式为非谓语动词！1.Sheeatsanappleeveryday.2.Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkalready.

3.Theywenttotheparttogether.

4.Weshoulduseeverychancetolearn.

5.Iwasastudent10yearsago.6.Wheredidyougolastnight?Structure2Iwasembarrassed.Hewasfriendly.S(Subject)LinkingVerb主语系动词P(Predicative)表语常见的连系动词有：be动词感官动词：feel,look,smell,sound,taste3)表示“变化”的词：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,turn4)表示“保持”：keep,remain,stay5)表示“好像”：appear,seem6)表示“证明”：prove(tobe),turnout(tobe)表语：表示主语的身份、状态、性质、特征等。Afterthelinkingverbn.

/

adj./numeral/todo/doing/prepositionphrase/clause…③表语：说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分(表语就是对主语的补充说明)

出现在系动词后Herfaceturned

red.Heisaboy.Fiveplustwoisseven.Wearehere.Thehouseisonfire.Seeingisbelieving.Ourdutyistomakeourenvironmentbetter.ThisiswhatIwant.(形容词作表语）(名词作表语）(数词作表语）(副词作表语）(介词短语作表语）(动名词作表语）(不定式作表语）(从句作表语）Structure3Isawawhite-hairedman.Hewrotealongletter.S(Subject)V(Verb)主语谓语O(Object)宾语宾语：表示动作行为的对象，也可表示动作的结果。Aftervt./prep.n.

/

pron.

/doing/todo/

numeral/clause…vt.④宾语：指一个动作(动词)的对象,出现在谓语动词后或介词后1.Sheboughtahouseyesterday.2.Hesaidnothingduringthemeeting.3.Hepretendednottoseeme.4.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.5.Ihavefinishedtwooftheassignments.6.Weneedtohelpthedisabled.7.Youdon’tunderstandwhatIsaid.(名词作宾语)(代词作宾语)(不定式短语)(动名词短语)(数词作宾语)(名词化形容词作宾语)(从句作宾语)Structure4Hegavemeasmile.Ipassedhimabook.SV主语谓语IndirectObject间接宾语DirectObject直接宾语宾语：表示动作行为的对象，也可表示动作的结果。vt.sb.sth.Aftervt./prep.n.

/

pron.

/doing/todo/

numeral/clause…Structure5Hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed.Theexammademequitenervous.SV主语谓语O宾语C(Complement)宾语补足语宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的动作或状态。Aftertheobjectn.

/

adj.

/adv./numeral/to

do/doing/prepositionphrase

…vt.⑤宾语补足语(即复合宾语)：某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语.Wemadehimabirthdaycake.Itriedmybesttomakehimhappy.Pleaselethimin.Iputmyfamilyfirst.Wecallhimaniceman.Headvisedmetogiveupsmoking.Isawhimrunningdownthestreet.Ifoundhimreadingmyletter.Inoticedhimintears.(名词作宾补)(形容词作宾补)(副词作宾补)(数词作宾补)(名词短语作宾补)(不定式短语作宾补)(动名词短语作宾补)(现在分词作宾补)(介词短语作宾补)Structure6Ibreatheddeeply.Hetalkedloudly.S(Subject)V(Verb)主语谓语A(Adverbial)状语状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子位置灵活，可位于句首，句中，句末adv./prepositionphrase/doing/done/todo/clause…vi.Structure7Ilookedattheminpanic.Shelookedafterhersisterpatiently.SV主语谓语O宾语A(Adverbial)状语vt.状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子位置灵活，可位于句首，句中，句末adv./prepositionphrase/doing/done/todo/clause…⑦状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子通常由副词，副词短语，介词短语或句子充当状语分为很多种，有时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，原因状语，目的状语等等状语位置极其灵活，可根据具体情况放在不同位置Thechildrenwereplayinginthepark.Hedidnotplaywellenough.Hedidnotplaywellenoughtowin.Shealwayscomestomyhouse.Iwon’tgoshopping

ifitrainsthisafternoon.Gettinguplate,hehurriedtoschool.(介词短语作状语/表地点)(副词短语作状语/表程度)(不定式作状语/表目的)(副词作状语/表频率)(从句作状语/表条件)(分词短语作状语/表原因)SummaryBasicsentencestructures主谓（SV）主系表（SVP）主谓宾（SVO）主谓宾宾（SVOO）主谓宾补（SVOC）主谓状（SVA）主谓宾状（SVOA）·Thesubject

andthe_______arenecessarypartsofasentence.·Atransitiveverb

isalwaysfollowedbya(n)_____.·Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.Theindirectobjectusuallyreferstoa______andthedirectobject

referstoa_______.·Theobjectcomplementaddsmoreinformationaboutthe______.verbobjectSummarypersonthingobjectBasicsentencestructuresSubjectTransitiveverbObjectObject+ObjectObject+ComplementIntransitiveverbLinkingverbPredicativeAttributive定语usedbefore/afteranountodescribeitAdverbial状语usedtodescribeaverb,anadjective,oracompletesentence主谓宾主谓双宾语主谓宾宾补主谓主系表⑥定语：用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征，范围等情况的成分如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面如果定语是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面1.Idon’tthinkheisaresponsiblefather.2.Thesummer

vacationisfinallycoming!3.Wehave35/thirty-fivestudentsintheclass.4.Wouldyoupleasebringmetoday‘snewspaper? 5.Thewindowsofthehousearebroken.6.Idon’tknowhername.7.Doyouknowthewaytothehotel?(形容词作定语)(名词作定语)(数词作定语)(’s所有格作定语) (of所有格作定语/后置)(代词作定语)(介词短语作定语/后置)1.Thedestroyedbridgewasrebuiltlastwinter.2.IknowaboycalledTom.

3.Listen,theflyingbirdsaresinging.4.Thecarsrunningonthestreetaresonoisy.5.Shehastwochildrentotakecareof.6.Thereadingroomissosmall.7.He

who

makes

no

mistakes

makes

nothing.

⑥定语：用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征，范围等情况的成分如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面如果定语是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面(过去分词作定语)(过去分词短语作定语/后置）(现在分词作定语)(现在分词作定语/后置）(不定式作定语/后置）(动名词作定语)(从句作定语/后置)直接宾语指动词所涉及的物(即sth.)，间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人(即sb.)。如果间接宾语(sb)出现在前，则直接采用”谓语动词+间宾+直宾”结构(eg.givesb.sth.)。如果直接宾语出现在前，则后面必须有to或for才能够引出间接宾语即”谓语动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”结构(eg.givesth.tosb.)SV主语谓语IndirectObject间接宾语DirectObject直接宾语vt.sb.sth.SV主语谓语O宾语C(Complement)宾语补足语vt.宾语补足语：一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作双宾语vs复合宾语

常见的接双宾语的动词有:give,show,bring,read,pass,send,lend,tell,ask,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等。

eg.Theteachergiveseachofthemaneraser．在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。eg.Sheshowedus

(pron.)anewTVset

(n.).常见的接宾语补足语/复合宾语的动词有:let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等。eg.Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.而在复合宾语/宾语补足语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）等WecallhimLaoLi

(n.)．Theymustkeeptheirhandsbehindtheirbacks(prepositionalphrase)．Iwon’tletyoutryagain

(infinitivephrase)．Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyesclosed(pastparticiple).双宾语vs复合宾语

宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密，去掉其中一个成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”当不定式（短语）或分词（短语）作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”。如：WemadeTommonitor.Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful．Youshouldkeepyourdogin．IfoundhiminRoom201．Hemakesus

worktenhoursaday．Weheardhersingingintheroom．=Tomismonitor.=Ourcountrywillbemorebeautiful.=Yourdogshouldbein.=HewasinRoom201.=Weworktenhoursaday.=Shewassingingintheroom.S(subject) V(verb) O(object) P(predicative) A(adverbial) DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)C(objectcomplement)1.Iwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboard. _______2.Turningaround,Isawawhite-hairedman."Yes,"Ireplied._______3.IwassurprisedtoseethesamemanIhadmet

earlier. _______4.Withbutterfliesinmystomach,Ibreatheddeeply. _______5.Thegirl

nexttomegavemeanudge. _______6.Thegirl

nexttomegavemeanudge. _______宾(O)

谓(V)

表(P)

状(A)

间宾(IO)

直宾(DO)

QuizReadthesentencesandanalyzethestructures.1.Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.2.Hetoldafunnystory.3.Everyonelaughed.4.Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.5.Ididn’tfeelawkwardorfrightened.6.Hetoldusfunnystories.7.Icouldn’tconcentrateontheexperiment.8.Iwanttomakeagoodfirstimpression.9.Tomorrowwillbegreat.10.Wehadourchemistryclassinthesciencelab.SVOOSVPSVOCSVSVOSVPExercise:SVOSVOSVPSVOATypeofverbsactionverb实义动词linkingverb系动词modalverb情态动词auxiliaryverb助动词transitiveverb及物动词intransitiveverb不及物动词OOOOCe.g.be,taste,feel,turn,become…Pe.g.can,could,may,might,should,mustwill…e.g.do,does,did…VAddingadverbialsandattributivesIlearnEnglish.IlearnEnglishinChengduNo.18MiddleSchool