人教新目标高中英语选修六课后阅读训练：十五 Unit 4 Period 3 Word版含答案

课后阅读训练十五Unit4Period30.阅读理解AWeliveinaculturethatsendsoutverymixedmessagesaboutmistakes:We'retoldwelearnbymakingthem,butweworkhardtoavoidthem.Sotheresultisthatmostofusknowthatwearegoingtomakemistakes,butdeepdown,wefeelweshouldn't.Experimentswithschoolchildrenwhodidwellinagiventestshowthatthosewhowerepraisedforbeingsmartandthenofferedamorechallengingorlesschallengingtaskafterwardusuallychosetheeasierone.Ontheotherhand,childrenpraisedfortryinghard—ratherthanbeingsmart—farmoreoftenselectedthemoredifficulttask.Ifwetryhardtoavoidmistakes,wearen'topentogettingtheinformationweneedinordertodobetter.Inawritingstudy,experimentsshowedthatthosewhoweresoscaredtomakemistakesperformedworseinwritingtasksthanthosewhoweren'tasworriedaboutbeingperfect.Theyfearreceivinganykindofnegativefeedback,sotheydon'tlearnwheretheywentwrongandhowtogetbetter.Wedon/tjustlearnmorewhenwe'reopentomistakes,welearndeeper.Researchtellsusthatifwe'reonlyconcernedaboutgettingtherightanswer,wedon'talwayslearntheunderlyingconceptsthathelpustrulyunderstandwhateverwe'retryingtofigureout.Mistakesneedtobeseennotasafailuretolearn,butasaguidetowhatstillneedstobelearned.AsThomasEdisonsaid,“Iamnotdiscouraged,becauseeveryabandonedwrongattemptisanotherstepforward.”Furthermore,weoftenmakemistakesbecausewetrynewthings—wewanderawayfromacceptedpaths.Teflon,penicillin—theseareexamplesofgreatdiscoveriesmadebymistake.TakeapagefromAlbertEinstein,whosaid,“Anyonewhohasnevermadeamistakehasnevertriedanythingnew."【语篇概述】本文讲述了错误对我们成长的积极作用，并列举了相关的实验和例子，并建议我们应该用积极的态度对待错误。Whatwillhappentostudentspraisedforbeingsmartinfaceofchoosingtaskscomparedtostudentspraisedforworkinghard?Theywillasktheirteachersforadvice.Theywillhidetheirmistakesfromtheirteachers.Theywillworkhardertoavoidmistakes.Theywillchoosealesschallengingtask.【解析】选Do细节理解题。从文中第二段第一句可知〃对在测试中取得较好成绩的学生做实验，给他们一个较难的任务和一个较简单的任务，被表扬聪明的同学更倾向于选择简单的任务〃。WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacceptableaccordingtothepassage?Themoremistakeswemake,themorewelearn.Mistakescanbeusedasapositivefactorforsuccess.Beingopentomistakeshelpsyouunderstandthetruth.Astepforwardmaycomefrommistakesyou'vemade.【解析】选A。推理判断题。A选项过于绝对，文中说错误可以帮我们找到自身的不足，然后加以提高，这样才会学到东西，而不是犯越多的错，学得越多。Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?Onemustfollowacorrectpathtoavoidmistakes.TobecomeanEinstein,youshouldmakemistakes.Makingmistakesisnotadisadvantageinaway.Youcan'tmakemistakesunlessyoutrynewthings.【解析】选Co主旨大意题。从最后一段可知，我们犯错误是因为我们努力尝试新的东西，所以从某种意义上说，犯错误是有积极作用的。What'sthemainideaofthepassage?Wecanneveravoidmakingmistakeswhenwework.Successcan'tbeachievedwithoutmakingmistakes.Tryeverymeanstoavoidmistakesinourdailylife.Mistakesshouldbetreatedwithacorrectattitude.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。从文章大意可知，本文讲述了错误对于我们成长的积极作用，以及我们应该用积极的态度对待错误。BTopreventthedesertscomingnear,Chinahasplantedbillionsoftrees—toreplacedestroyedforestsandasbarriersagainstthesand.Thisisn'tacure,though,sayexperts,asthirstytreescanmaketheproblemworsebytakingingroundwater.""Plantingtreesisoneway,butitisn'tthatsimple.Itdoesn'tsolvethebasicissueofwaterresources,''saysWuBo,aprofessor.Z/Weneedtocalculatehowmuchwaterthetreeswillabsorb,orelseitcouldhaveanegativeeffect."VillagersinZhengxinhavetakenonthischallenge,withlimitedsuccess.Whentheirrigationchannelsbegantorundry,LuXianglinswitchedfromwheattocottononhisland.Healsoplantedtreestoprotecthisfieldsfromsandstorms.Hesayshestillgetsgoodyields（产量）usingfloodirrigationandearnsagoodincomeforhisfamily.Otherfarmershaven'tstuckitout（坚持至ij底）：aboutoneinthreehaveleftZhengxininthepast10yearsaftertheirwheatcropsdied.Youngpeoplewhocanfindjobsinthetownsrarelyreturn.Lastweek,MrLujoinedtheothermeninhisvillageonagovernment-arrangedtriptoseethelandthathasbeensetasidefortheirrelocation,nearly40milestothesouth.Thenextday,hewasback,shakinghisheadattheplan.Theideaofuprootinghisfamilytroubleshim,asdoestheideaofgivingupthelandthatfedhisforefathers.Hepreferstostayandkeepupthefight.“Withenoughwater,thisproblemcanbesolved,"Lusays.〃Wecanplanttreesandgrass,andtheywillgrowbigger.Thatwillstopthedesert."Expertssaythatfarmerscouldswitchtodripirrigation（滴灌）tolessentheirwaterintakeforgrowingcrops.Elsewhereintheregion,farmershavebuiltbrickgreenhousesaspartofaplantogrowvegetablesusinglesswater.Roadsidesignsurgefarmersto"SaveWater,ProtecttheEnvironment".【语篇概述】本文是议论文。文章讨论了植树并不是阻止沙漠化的最好办法。专家的建议是采用滴灌技术，节约用水。Thenegativeeffectofplantingtreesindesertsisthat.itcanmakegroundwaterbecomelessitcanpreventthesandmovingfreelyitcanstopcropsgrowingwellitcangetthesoiltobecomepoor【解析】选Ao细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知〃在沙漠中种树会吸收沙漠中的地下水，从而使地下水减少”。再结合第二段最后一句可知，在沙漠中种树会有负面影响。Whydidn'tMrLuaccepttheideaofrelocation?Becausetheplanofrelocationwillcosthimmuchmoney.Becausehisfamilyhadtroublemovingaway.Becausehewasreluctanttogiveuphisland.Becausehewouldratherstaythanfightagainstthedeserts.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知选C。他不愿放弃养育了他的祖先的土地。Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Thedesertsdrivemoreandmorepeopletoleavetheirhomesfortheirlives.Peoplehavenomeanstofightagainstthelandbecomingdesert.Wateristhebiggestbarrierforpeopletostopthedesert.Plantingtreescannotsolvetheproblemofdesertificationoffarmland.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Lu的话可知，水是人们阻止沙漠化的最大障碍。Whatadviceisgivenbyexpertstosavewater?Toplantmoretrees.Tobuildgreenhouses.Tochangecrops.Tousedripirrigation.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，专家们建议人们用滴灌技术来节约水。C（•全国卷口）Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsarcdown,whilebeaversandredfbxcshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.【语篇概述】本文是一篇叙事文，介绍了由于灰狼在美国黄石公园和美洲大陆数量的减少，给当地环境带来的一系列的影响，以及人们针对此问题所做出的努力。Whatisthetextmainlyabout?WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.Theconflictbetweenfannersandgraywolves.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的主要内容是关于由于灰狼在美国黄石公园和美洲大陆数量的减少，给当地环境带来的一系列的影响，人们为此想通过种种努力增加灰狼的数量以改善环境，故答案为D。Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced“inParagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.【解析】选C。猜测词义题。前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，由此可推断出此句意为人类的发展逐渐地使灰狼“被迫离开”，故选择C项。A项意为“测试”；B项意为“分离，隔开“；C项意为“强迫离开”；D项意为“跟踪，追踪”。Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?Damagetolocalecology.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.Preservationofvegetation.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，狼的消失带来很多意想不到的后果：鹿和麋鹿数量急剧增长，它们消耗大量的植被，这使黄石公园地区的植物多样性减少；灰狼消失使数量急剧增长的郊狼杀死公园地区大量的赤狐，并且驱走这里的海狸。所有这一切都对当地的生态造成极大的危害，故答案为A。12.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.【解析】选Bo观点态度题。由末段的尾句TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.可知，作者认为人们做出的努力对帮助生物学家是否决定将灰狼重新引进到美国其他地区是一个“有价值的、重要的实验(avaluableexperiment),,,故可推断出作者对此持肯定的、积极的态度。A项意为“怀疑的B项意为“肯定的，积极的C项意为“反对的,不赞成的”;D项意为“漠不关心的因语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MyolderbrotherandIarebusy1.(arrange)atriptoAfrica.WewillleaveLondononJuly15,andwe'llflytoMorocco.Itisonthecamel2.wearegoingtotravelthroughtheSaharaDesert.Afterthetripbycamel,we'regoingtotraveldowntheRiverNile.We'llstartatLakeVictoria.AlittlewaydowntheriverfromLakeVictoria,thewater3.(actual)getsquiterough.So,wellgowhite-waterrafting,4.isquitedangerous,butveryexciting!Afterwhite-waterrafting,we'regoingonatrip5.(see)wildanimalsinKenya.Sincewellbewalkingforalmosttwoweeks,I'llneedtobuyalarge,strong,lightbackpack6.advancetocarrymysuppliesoffoodandwater.Itissodangerousthatourguideswillhaveguns7.(scare)theanimalsawayiftheycometoonear.Ireallywanttosee8.elephantupclose.Afterthat,we'llmoveontoTanzania,9.we'regoingtoclimbMountKilimanjaro.Itisaboutfourweeks10.theAfricanpartofourtripwilltake.Wewillsurelyhaveahappytime..【解析】arrangingo句型bebusydoingsth.“忙于做某事〃。.【解析】that。考查强调句Itis...that...的结构。句意：我们是将骑着骆驼穿越撒哈拉沙漠。.【解析】actuallyo考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词。.【解析】which。考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句，只能用which引导。.【解析】tosee。考查非谓语动词。由句式结构可知，动词不定式作目的状语，表示旅行的目的。.【解析】in。考查介词。inadvance固定搭配，意为“提前.【解析】toscare。考查非谓语动词。todo不定式表目的。.【解析】an。考查冠词。elephant是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用an0.【解析】where0考查定语从句。此处先行词为Tanzania,表示地点，在句中作状语，所以用where。.【解析】that。考查强调句Itis...that...的结构。句意：我们大约有四周的时间要花费在非洲的旅行上。阅读理解Sure,it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecauseitmakesthetimeyouspendintheclassroommorepleasant.Andyes,it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecause,ingeneral,it'ssmarttolearnhowtounderstandthedifferenttypesofpeopleyou'llmeetthroughoutyourlife.“Butreally,there'sonesuper-importantreasonwhyyoushouldgetalongwithyourteacher.Whenyoudo,learningburstsri^htopen,“saysEvelynVuko,alongtimeteacherwhowritesaneducationcolumncalled^TeacherSays“fortheWashingtonPostnewspaper.Infact,kidswhogetalongwiththeirteachersnotonlylearnmore,butthey'remorecomfortableaskingquestionsandgettingextrahelp.Thismakesiteasiertounderstandnewmaterialanddoyourbestontests.Whenyouhavethiskindofrelationshipwithateacher,heorshecanbesomeonetoturntowithproblems,suchasproblemswithlearningorschoollife,suchasbullying（欺负）.Asakidinaprimaryormiddleschool,you'reatawonderfulstageinyourlife.You'relikeasponge（海绵），abletoabsorblotsofnewandexcitinginformation.Ontopofthat,you/reabletothinkaboutallthisinformationinnewways.Yourteacherknowsthat,andinmostcases,isveryexcitedtobethepersonwho'sgivingyouallthatmaterialandhelpingyoumakeit.Remember,teachersarepeople,too,andtheyfeelgreatifyou'reopentowhatthey'reteachingyou.That'swhytheywantedtobeteachersinthefirstplace-toteach!Somekidsmaybeabletolearninanysituation,whethertheyliketheteacherornot.Butmostkidsaresensitivetothewaytheygetalongwiththeteacher,andifthingsaren/tgoingwell,theywon'tlearnaswellandwon'tenjoybeinginclass.【语篇概述】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了学生与老师处好关系的重要性。Inthepassage,theauthormainlytalksabout.howtogetalongwellwithotherstheimportanceofagoodre