新外研版初二下M5U3

Module5CartoonsUnit3Languageinuse

Hehasbeenpopularforovereightyyears.TintinappearedinChinainthe1980s.Snoopylivesinhisownprivateworld.Languagepractice几种时态的区分到目前为止，我们己经学过用多种时态来表达行为或状态。本模块重点复习一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。那么，如何区分这三种时态呢？下面我们以一种行为或状态为例，来看一下它们有什么不同。请看下面的句子：GrammarIoftenwatchcartoonfilms.

我经常看卡通片。I

watchedSpidermanlastweek.

我上周看了《蜘蛛侠》IhavealreadywatchedSpiderman.Idonotwantto

watchitagain.

我已经看过《蜘蛛侠》了，不想再看了。可以看出:(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作，所以用一般现在时；(2)表示在过去某个时间发生的行为，用一般过去时；(3)中发生的动作也是在过去，但是没有明确的表示过去的时间，并且本句强调的是结果，即“现在不想再看了”，所以用的是现在完成时。1.表示经常或反复发生的动作，常与always,often,usually,sometimes，onceaday,everyday等频度时间状语连用。如：Heoften

goestoschoolbybus.他经常坐公交车上学。Wealways

havesupperat6:30pm.我们总是在晚上6点半吃晚饭。一般现在时的用法2.表示现在的状态、特征、能力和感觉。这类动词有

be,love，like，hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,look,sound,taste,have等。如：Heisveryhappy.他很幸福。（表示状态）Shelookslikeherfather.她看上去像她爸爸。（表示特征）HeknowsnotonlyEnglish,butalsoFrench.他不仅懂英语，而且懂法语。（表示能力）Howdoyoulikethefilm?你觉得这个电影怎么样？（表示感觉）3.表示客观真理、科学事实和客观存在。如：Thesunrisesintheeast.

太阳从东方升起。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.

光速比声速快。4.

表示天气、时间、旅程、籍贯等情况。如：—What’stheweatherliketoday?

今天天气如何？—It’swindy.今天有风。—Whereareyoufrom?你是哪里人？—I’mfromShanghai.我是上海人。•在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,we’llstayathome.如果明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。Wewon’tbegintheclassuntilourteacherarrives.直到老师来，我们才开始上课。特别提示:•表示已决定或计划要做的事，或按自然规律会发生的事。常用于这类情况的动词有come,

go,start,

begin,

leave,

return,

arrive，stop,

close

等，此时用一般现在时表示将来。如：HerfatherleavesforAmericanextweek.她父亲下周动身去美国。Whendoesthetrainarrive?火车儿点到？TomorrowisTuesday.明天是星期二.一般过去时的用法1.表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,

lastyear/month/week,

in2004,

threehoursago,

twoyearsago等。Wehelpedthefarmerswiththeapple-pickinglastyear.去年我们帮农民摘过苹果。Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesyesterday.孩子们昨天玩得很高兴。Ifinishedmyhomeworkjustnow.我刚刚完成了作业。2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，也可以用used todo表示，常和often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：Tomoftenwenttoworkbybuslastyear.去年汤姆常常坐公交车去上班。Myfatherusedtosmoke.我父亲过去常常抽烟。Hewasalwaysreadytohelpthepeopleintrouble.他时刻准备着帮助有困难的人。3.有时动作发生的时间不是很清楚，但确实是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时。如：

Whobroketheteapot?谁打碎了茶壶？Hi,Lucy!Ididn'tknowyouwerehere.嗨，露西！我不知道你在这儿。4.在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示“过去将来的”动作。如：Hewouldletmeknowifhegotinformation.他一得到信息就会让我知道。Themanjumpedoffthetrainassoonasitstopped.火车一停，这个人就跳了下来。Hepromisedtobuymeadresswhenhewentabroadthenextweek.他许诺下周出国时给我买条连衣裙。1.强调过去的动作对现在的影响，往往具有因果关系，常与already,yet等副词连用。如：Shehas

already

boughtacomputer.她已经买了电脑。Hehasnot

foundajobyet.他还没有找到工作。TheGreenshavegonetoEngland.格林一家已经去了英国。现在完成时的用法2.表示过去某一动作一直持续至今，常与for,since等引导的时间状语连用。如：I

havebeeninBeijingforfiveyears.我已经在北呆了5年了。Hehaslivedheresincehemovedhere.从他搬到这儿以来就一直住在这里。3.表示经历或经验，常与ever,never,once，twice,before等副词连用。如：—Haveyouever

beentoShanghai?你去过上海吗？—Ihavebeentheretwice.

我去过那里两次了。特别提示:have(has)beento与have(has)goneto的区别have(has)beento表示“去过，到过”某个地方，但现在人已不在那里，常与ever,never,often,once,twice等连用.have(has)goneto

意思是“去了”，人可能在途中或已经在那里。如：HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你去过上海吗？（人不在上海）HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了。（人在上海或在去上海的途中）for与since的区别for表示“经过多久”，多与完成时连用，后接时间段。如：Shehasstayedhereforhalfanhour.她已经在这儿呆了半个小时了。since表示从过去某一时间一直到现在，并仍在继续。如：MrLihaskeptthispaintingsince

1950.自1950年以来，李先生一直保存着这幅画。当句子的时间状语是“for +一段时间”或使用howlong对肯定句提问时，不能使用短暂性动词，因为短暂性动词不能持续，也就不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。遇到短暂性动词要把它变成相应的延续性动词。如：Tomborrowedthebookaweekago.—Tomhaskeptthebookforaweek.短暂性动词延续性动词borrow/lendkeep

buy have die

bedead joinbeamemberof beginbeon leave

beaway comebeherego

bethere open

beopenedclosebeclosed常见的短暂性动词和延续性动词的对应表如下：1.现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的这

一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：

a.

I

have

lost

my

new

book.

我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）

b.

I

lost

my

new

book

yesterday.

我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明。）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：2.

侧重点不同。现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。

a.

I

have

seen

the

film.

我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)

I

saw

the

film

three

days

ago.

三天前我看了这部电影。

(强调是三天前,而不

是别的什么时候看的电影)

b.

He

has

been

in

the

League

for

three

years.

他入团已经三年了。

c.

Tom

wrote

a

letter

to

his

parents

last

night.

昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。3.

两种时态的区分

(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have

/has

+过去分词”。

(2)

时间状语不同。一般过去时则常与yesterday,

just

now,

in

2002,

“段时间+ago”,“last+段时间”等表示过去时间的状语连用；而现在完成时则常与just,

already,

yet,

ever,

never,

before等副词以及和these

days,

this

week,

“for+段时间”,“since+过去时间/从句”或“since+过去时间+ago”等时间状语连用。Grammar一般过去时常犯错误1.把动词变为过去式易出错。例如：Theystopedtalkingjustnow.解析：stop的过去时为stopped。辅音加y，y变i加ed；元音加y，在词尾直接加ed。2.忘记把动词变为过去式。例如：IflykitesontheafternoonoflastSunday.解析：fly应该用过去式flew。对此，我们应该记住在一般过去时的时态里，过去式不要忘记。3.在句式变换时出错。例如：Wedidn’twentlastFriday.解析：didn’twent应改为didn’tgo。请记住“见助动词用原形”。4.易与现在完成时弄混。例如：Isawthefilm,soIdon’twanttogonow.解析：正确答案为：Ihaveseenthefilm,soIdon’twanttogonow.“我不想去”说明了我了解这部影片的内容，强调现在的情况，应该用现在完成时。Daming:Hi.Tony.Whatareyoureading?Tony:TheAdventuresofTintin.It'sfantastic.(1)_____you__________(everread)aTintinbook?Daming:No,I(2)_______________(neverread)aTintinstory.(3)_____(be)theypopular?Tony:Yes,they(4)__________(be)popular1.

Completetheconversationwiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets.HaveeverreadhaveneverreadArehavebeen

formorethaneightyyears.ThefirstTintinstory(5)_________(appear)in1929.Daming:WhatdoesTintindo?Tony:He(6)_______(work)foranewspaperandhe(7)____(have)lotsofexcitingexperiences.Daming:And(8)____thestories_____(have)happyendings?Tony:Oh,yes,theyalwaysdo.Daming:Soundsgreat!DoyoumindifIborrowyourbook?appearedworkshas

dohaveWhenIwasyoung,I(1)__________(notlike)greenvegetables.TheonlyvegetableI(2)____(eat)waspotatoes.Iwasquitesmallandnotverystrong,soIwasnotverygoodatsport.ThenwhenI(3)_____________(watch)televisiononedayIsawthecartoonPopeye(大力水手).2.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets.didnotlikeatewaswatchingWhenPopeyestandsnexttothebadman.Bluto,he(4)______(look)smallandweak,andwhentheyfight,healways(5)_____(lose).Thenheeatssomegreenvegetables.Hisarms(6)______(grow)thicker.Hebecomesstrongerandhewinshisfights.ThenextdayIwasgoingtoplayfootballatschool,soIaskedmymotherforsomegreenvegetables.I(7)_______(score)threetimesandwewonthematch!I(8)_________(love)greenvegetableseversince.lookslosesgrowscoredhaveloved3.Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.createlaughmessownprivatesatisfyugly

Manypeoplelovecartoonsbecausetheyaregreatfun.Parentsandchildren(1)_______togetherastheMonkeyKingmakesaterrible(2)_____orShrek,the(3)____greenman,laughmessuglysingsasong.Cartoonheroesoftenliveina(n)(4)_______worldoftheir(5)_____.Artists(6)_______goodcartoonheroesaswellasbadpeople.Theheroesalwayswin,andtheirstories(7)_______usandhelpusfeelsafe.privateowncreatesatisfy4.Workinpairsandnumberthepicturesincorrectorder.Nowlistenandcheck.4231Whenyouarelistening,donotstoppayingattentionwhenyouhearawordyoudonotknow.Keeplistening.Thewordmightnotbeimportant,orthespeakermaysaysomethingtoexplainitsmeaning.Learningtolearn5.Listenagainandanswerthequestions.WhydoesBettynotthinkthecartoonisfunnyatfirst?2.WhydoesTonythinkthecartoonisreallyclever?Becauseshedoesnotunderstanditatfirst.Becausethepolicecouldcatchthemaninthelift,buthedoesn’t.Theybothjuststandthere,waitingforthelifttostop!Tony:(laughing)Ithinkthisisreallyfunny!Betty:Why?Idon'tgetthejoke.Tony:Look!Inthefirstpicture,there'samanrunningawayfromapoliceman.Betty:Butwhyisherunningaway?Idon'tunderstand.Tony:Well,he'sdonesomethingwrong!Thepolicemanwantstocatchhim.TapescriptBetty:Isee.Andthenthemanrunsintothelift.Tony:Yes,andthisisthefunnybit.It'sreallyclever!Thepolicemancouldcatchthemaninthelift,buthedoesn't.Theybothjuststandthere,waitingforthelifttostop!Betty:NowIgetit!Yes,itisfunny!Tony:Yes,andasweseeinthelastpicture,thepolicemanisstilltryingtocatchtheman!6.Readthepassageandcompletethesentences.

Thefirstcartoonsappearedinnewspaper.Theytoldstoriesusingpictures.Thefirstphotographedcartoonfilm(in1906)wasabouthumorousfaces.Inthefilm,anartistdrewpicturesoftwofacesonablackboard.Thefacescametolife.Theysmiledandasmalldogjumpedthrougharing.

Therewerealotofanimalsinearlycartoons.OnefamousearlycartooncharacterwasFelixtheCat(菲利克斯猫).WaltDisneystartedtomakefilmsinthe1920s.Someofhisearliestfilmswereaboutafamousstory,AliceinWonderland,butinDisney'sfilmsitwascalledAliceinCartoonLand.WaltDisney'smostfamouscartooncharacterwasMickeyMouse.Heappearedin

1928,firstinablack-and-whitefilmwithoutsound,thenverysoonafterthatinatalkingfilmandlaterincolour.AMickeyMousefilmwasthefirstcartoonfilmwithsoundtobecomereallypopular.Today,overahundredyearslater,cartoonsarestillpopularwithpeopleofallages.Theywillprobablybepopularformanymoreyearsinthefuture.

1960

1.Thefirstcartoonfilmwasabout_____________.2.Inthefilm,thefaces_________.They______.

3.Asmalldog_____________________.humorousfacescametolifesmiledjumpedthrougharing1920s

4.WaltDisney

startedto__________in

the1920s.makefilm5.AMickeyMousefilmwasthefirstcartoonfilm_________tobecomereally

popular.withsound

6.Cartoonfilms

arestillpopular

with

______________________.7.Theywillprobablybepopular

for__________yearsin

thefuture.childrenandolderpeople

Todayandinthefuturemanymore

BatmanandSpidermanaretwoofthemostfamousAmericancartoons.BatmanisolderthanSpiderman.ThefirstBatmancartoonappearedin1939.BatmanisoneofthefewClassicAmericancartoons:

Batman(蝙蝠侠)andSpidermanseenover500differentnewspapersaroundtheworld.Peoplehavealsomadefilmsbased(以…为基础)onBatmanandSpiderman.cartoonheroestoappearinbookscontinuously(连续不断地)since1940.Spidermanwascreatedalotlater.Hefirstappearedin1962.In1977heappearedindailynewspapers.TheSpidermancartoonshasbeenModuletask:7.Workingroups.Planyourcartoon.MakingacartoonTalkaboutyourfavouritecartoonsanddecideonthekindsfcartoonheroyouwouldliketocreate.Talkaboutdevelopingtheheroes.Whataretheylike?Whatdotheylooklike?Whatdotheydo?Howwilltheywinpeople’shearts?Decidewhowillwritethestoryandwhowilldothedrawings.8.Makeyourcartoon.9.Showyourcartoontoyourclassmates.Planyourstory.Howmanydifferentpictureswillyouneedtotellthestory?Writethestoryfirstanddecidehowitwillbepresented(呈现)withthedrawings.Makesomedrawings.Useacomputer,ifyoulike.Putthefinisheddrawingsandthestorytogetherandpresentthemonlargepiecesofpaper.1.I

often_____myhomeworkaftersupper.A.do B.doesC.doingD.done解析：此句表示经常发生的动作，often应该用于一般现在时，主语为第一人称，故选A。Exercise一、单项选择题。A2.—Iwishyoursisterwouldcometovisitme.—I'lltellherwhenI______her.A.see B.sawC.willseeD.amseeing解析：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。3.Thepicture___verybeautiful.A.looking B.lookC.looksD.islooked解析：表示特征时用一般现在时。AC4.Mother_____verybusy.Sheoften___homeverylate.A.is;come B.willbe;comesC.is;comesD.is;iscoming解析：前句表示现在的状态，后句表示经常发生的动作，都用一般现在时。5.Foodeasily______badinhotweather.A.goesB.goC.wentD.goesto解析：表示科学事实时用一般现在时。gobad是固定词组，意为“变质，变坏”。CA6.—HehasalreadygonetoEngland.—When____he_____there?A.will;go B.is;going C.did;go D.has;gone解析：由上下文可知，下句应问“他何时去的？”，用一般过去时。7.I_____astorybookfromthelibraryyesterday.A.lend

B.lent

C.borrowed D.borrow解析：从yesterday判断应用一般过去时。borrow...from表示“从……借来”，而lend…to表示“把……借给”。CC8.He_____stampswhenhewasyoung，butnowthereisnearlynostampleft.usedtocollecting B.usedtocollectC.isusedtocollectingD.isusedtocollect解析：由题意“他年轻的时候常常集邮,可现在已经没剩下儿张邮票了”可知，用usedtodosth.句型表示“过去常常做某事，而现在不做了”。B9.There______alotofchangesheresince1980.A.havebeen