2023年上海高考英语动词时态语态用法讲解(含强化训练)

►专题01动词时态语态用法梳理+高考题型组合练_________________________________________________________________________________________考点精讲考点精讲谓语动词的时态、语态是高考的必考重点。高考常考的时态有，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时等。高中阶段的被动语态：主要掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态，以及将来完成时被动语态的用法。特别注意：要把握各种时态的特点，注意容易混淆的时态差异，准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，务必要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维习惯。【要点梳理】考点一：动词时态动词时态梳理一般式进行式完成式现在does/is/are/amis/are/amdoinghavedone过去didwas/weredoinghaddone将来willdowillbedoingwillhavedone过去将来woulddowouldbedoingwouldhavedone此外：高中阶段需重点掌握：①将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：atthistimetomorrow，bythen，from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。其构成为：will/shallbee＋现在分词Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。②现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的构成对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/hasbeen＋现在分词。二、现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：allthismorning，thismonth，thesefewdays，since和for引导的状语从句等。—Excuseme，whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？—ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaitinghereformorethantwohours.——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。③将来完成时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间或“by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或bythetime引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为：will/shall+have＋过去分词。Thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock，Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了BynextyearourteacherwillhavetaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。备注1：其他表示“将来”的结构及用法(1)“begoingto＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。Look，darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorainsoon，Ithink.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace，socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。(2)“beto＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。(3)“beaboutto＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。备注2：常使用完成时的句型(1)This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time＋thatsb.has/havedone；This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time＋thatsb.haddone这是某人第几次做某事。(2)It(This)is/wasthe＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。(3)Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋sincesb.did；Itwas/hadbeen＋一段时间＋sincesb.haddonesth.自从……以来多久了。(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../nosooner...than...(一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Hardly/NosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thantherainpoureddown.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。考点二：动词语态动词语态梳理一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：形式时间一般式进行式完成式现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。)Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstocome.据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。)Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut.在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。易错警示(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belongto属于；takepartin参加。(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/takeplace/occur发生；remain剩下；breakout爆发；last持续；comeout出版；comeup被提出；loseheart失去信心；datefrom/backto追溯到；runout用完。二、get构成的表示被动的短语：getpaid/lost/hurt等Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted，Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。Wegetpaidbytheweek.我们按周获得薪酬。1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoftandsellswell.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?Ithinkitissuitableforusteenagers.你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。三、主动形式表示被动意义1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这房子需要修理。2．betorent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。Whoistoblameforthemistake?谁应为此错误接受谴责？Thehouseistolet.此房出租。_________________________________________________________________________________________重点小练单句语法填空重点小练1．Nowadays,cyclingalongwithjoggingandswimming，_______(regard)asoneofthebestall­roundformsofexercise.2．Whileonlineshopping_________(change)ourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.3．Christmasisthemostimportantfestivalinthewesternworld.It______(fall)onDecember25.4．Theyhadtowaitand_______(hope)thatsomeonewouldcomeandhelpthem.5．Nowadays,cellphoneshavefeaturessuchasgames，musicandcalendarsandmorenewfunctions_________(add)．6．Ifwe_________(book)atableearlier，wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.7．Duetothehardtrainingthey________(do)before，theirperformanceswereveryimpressive.8．JackhasneverbeentoChina，buthetalksaboutitasifhe__________(be)theremanytimes.9．Moreexpressways__________(build)inSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.10．Soonerorlaterthosedishonestpeople__________(pay)apricefortheiracts;onthecontrary，whenwearehonest，wearetrulyfree.11.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt________（leave）forLondontoattendameeting.12.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe________（lie),withoutundressing.13.They______________(work)ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem，andnowwe____________(work)onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.14.Thelittlegirl________(cry)herheartoutbecauseshe________(lose)hertoybearandbelievedshewasn'tevergoingtofindit.15.JohnandI________(be)friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe______(see)eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.16.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness______.（grow）17.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I_______（know）forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.18.Theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______(come)frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.19．Hehurriedhome，neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe______________(follow)．20．Tom_______________(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.Keys:1.isregarded2.haschanged3.falls4.hoped5.arebeingadded6.hadbooked7.haddone8.hadbeen9.willbebuilt10.willpay11.willhaveleft12.waslying13.hadbeenworking;areworking14.cried,hadlost15.havebeen,es19.wasbeingfollowed20.hasbeenworking/hasworked语篇填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空)Welcometoourschool.I'dliketointroduceyoutoplansforourschool.Alotofwork1(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary2(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab3(build)thisyear.Butwedon'thaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsinallgrades4(collect)money.Themoneywhichiscollected5(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent，aplan6(make)forapartyattheendoftheterm，atwhichwonderfulperformances7(put)on.Thegardensoftheschool8(improve)thisyear.Newtrees9(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinsummer.Thewholeschool10(paint)duringthesummerholidays.Infact，ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.参考答案：hasbeendone2.hasbeencompleted3.isbeingbuilt4.arecollecting5.willbespentisbeingmade7.willbeput8.arebeingimproved9.arebeingplanted 10.isgoingtobepaintedTranslation（注意动词时态与语态）由于工作时心不在焉，约翰被老板解雇了。2.在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。3.当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。4.应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。5.很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。6.等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(bythetime)答案：（onlyforreference）1.Johnwasdismissedbyhisbossashedidn’tpaymuchattentiontohiswork.2.Overthepast10years,greatchangeshavehappenedinthisarea.3.Whenhegottoschool,herealizedthathehadlefthishomeworkathome.4.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.5.Many years ago people never knew that population would become a big problem．6.Bythetimehecomesbacknextyear,thestadiumwillhavebeensetup._______________好题必测历年上海高考真题及模拟试题优选1好题必测【答案】weredeposited。【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。根据句意:"那些已被沉淀在温暖的沙子里的卵。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处用被动语态，又因为有again提示，可知发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2.Intherecentyears,seaerosionhasledtomanyturtles'nestbeingdamagedordestroyed.Also,somefierceanimalssuchasdogsandbirds(29)_______(reduce)thenumberofnestingturtles.Andofcoursemanhasalsohadanegativeimpactbyusingengine-poweredfishingboatsneartheturtles'nestinggrounds.【2019秋考】【答案】havereduced。【解析】考查现在完成时，根据句意:"还有，诸如一些凶残的狗和鸟已经减少了龟巢的数量。根据前句的谓语动词hasled和此句中的also可以判定此句也是用现在完成时，强调动作的形成的结果。3.Jasonsetupaplanthatinfiveyearshe________(show)hisworkinthetopgalleryinthatareaofthecountry.【2019春考】【答案】wouldshow【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，综述用wouldshow。4.Thisfive-yeargoalgavehimastartingpointfromwhichtoworkbackwards......Bysettingthisgoal,allofJason'sefforts________(point)inthesamedirection.Heshowedupatdifferentartshowopenings,....【2019春考】【答案】pointed【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过设定目标，他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，point与主语efforts为主谓关系，故用主动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时pointed。5.S&Aisstartingtodopolicework.Earlierthissummer,90employees(23)__________(hire)toguarditsdoorsandcheckreceipts.【2018秋考】【答案】washired【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：今年夏天早些时候，90名员工被雇佣守卫其大门并检查收据。hire与主语employees为被动关系，故用被动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时被动语态。故填washired。6.Acomprehensivestudyof4,500childrenconductedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthin2018showsthatchildrenwhospentmorethansevenhoursadaystaringatscreensshowedevidenceofprematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex一theouterlayerthatprocessessensoryinformation."Wedon'tknowifit______(cause)bythescreentime.【2018秋考】【答案】isbeingcaused【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：我们不知道这是否是看屏幕时间造成的。此处为宾语从句谓语动词，空前的it指代prematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex，和cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知，此处表目前一直在发生的动作，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填isbeingcaused。7.Thereasonwhymanypeopleunconsciously“tuneout”theirfamilymembersorclosefriendsisthattheythinktheyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson_______(say).【2021杨浦二模】【答案】.isgoingto/willsay【解析】.考查时态。句意同上。根据前文“theyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson”，可知此处指他们已经知道对方将要说什么。结合句意，此处用一般将来时。所以用isgoingto/willsay。8.Sofar,theresearchers_________(demonstrate)stemcelltherapyinpreclinicallabtests.Tsujisaidtheywerelookingforoutsidecollaboratorstohelpdevelopclinicalapplicationsforthenewhairgrowthtechnology.【2021青浦二模】【答案】havedemonstrated【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，研究人员已经在临床前实验室测试中证明了干细胞疗法。结合时间状语Sofar可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语theresearchers是名词复数，助动词用have，故填havedemonstrated。9.Attheverycafescustomerscanaskwhetherthereareanysuspendedcoffeesavailable,andifso,they__________(supply)withabeverage,thankstothekindnessofastranger.【2021普陀二模】【答案】aresupplied/willbesupplied【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正是在这些咖啡馆里，顾客可以问是否有待用咖啡，如果有，他们会被提供一杯饮料，这要感谢一个陌生人的好意。空前的主语they指代customers，和谓语动词supply之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，此处可使用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语是复数人称代词，故填aresupplied或willbesupplied。10.Apparently,themostdepressingdayoftheyearisthethirdMondayinJanuary,whenit’scoldanddarkoutside.Thisday______(nickname)‘BlueMonday’bypsychologistCliffArnallin2004.【2021浦东二模】【答案】wasnicknamed【解析】考查时态语态。句意：2004年，心理学家CliffArnall将这一天戏称为“忧郁星期一”。根据后文in2004可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Thisday，谓语动词用单数。故填wasnicknamed。11.Thediscoveryhascausedhugeexcitementamonghistorians,asitprovidesfirmevidenceaboutarulerwhoselife______23______(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumors(谣言)concerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.【2021静安二模】【答案】hasbeenshadowed【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这一发现在历史学家中引起了极大的兴奋，因为它提供了一个确凿的证据，证明一个统治者的生活一直被关于他自1485年在博斯沃思战役中死亡以来冷血无情的谣言所掩盖，尽管有官方记录。分析可知，所填动词应是定语从句“whoselife______3____(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumoursconcerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.”中的谓语动词，结合时间状语“sincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485”可知，应是现在完成时，且动词“shadow(在……上投下或覆盖阴影)”与主语“whoselife”之间为被动关系，应是现在完成时被动结构：have/hasbeendone，且主语“whoselife”为第三人称单数。故填hasbeenshadowed。12.Foryoungpeople,itwasthefirsttimethatthey_____(experience)somethingbig,aworrythattheysharedwiththeirfamilies,friendsandneighbors,andasufferingbeingenduredatthismomentandtobeendurednextfewweeks.【2021虹口二模】【答案】hadexperienced【解析】考查动词时态。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。“itwasthe+序数词+time+that从句”句式中，that从句应使用过去完成时。故填hadexperienced。13.TheareainwhichTownofAsk________(locate)isknowntohavealotofquickclay,whichcanchangefromsolidtoliquidfrom.Previouslandslideshavebeenreportedintheregion.【2021奉贤二模】【答案】islocated【解析】考查时态。句意：众所周知，阿斯所在的地区有很多快速粘土，可以从固体变成液体。belocatedin坐落于。分析句子可知，设空处为定语从句谓语。根据文章时态可知，用一般现在时。故填islocated。14.“Personally,Idon’tthinkpop-upsareapassingtrend.Fromwhatwe_______(learn)fromourcustomerssofar,theyarealwayslookingforuniqueproductsandexperiences,exactlysomethingthatpop-upshopscanoffer.【2021金山二模】【答案】havelearned【解析】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我们从顾客那里了解到，他们总是在寻找独特的产品和体验，这正是快闪店可以提供的东西。根据sofar可知，用现在完成时。故填havelearned。15.Itwasapartoftown,Irealized,thatI(warn)about,butnothinghappenedtome,andassoonaswewerenearthebrightlightsofthemainroad,my“guide”just(disappear).【2021长宁二模】【答案】hadbeenwarned【解析】考察谓语动词。首先根据"I"与“warn”是被动关系，所以应用被动语态。再根据“warn”这个动作发生在"realize"之前，"realize"用的是一般过去时的时态，所以"warn"应用过去完成时。应填“hadbeenwarned”。【答案】disappeared【解析】考察谓语动词。“guide”与"disappear"之前是主动关系，是“我的'向导'消失”。结合前句判断出时态为一般过去时。应填“disappeared”。16.AnorganizationcalledCampusCosmicRayObservationCollaboration_______(establish)inSeptember2020topromotetheidea.Zhang,headoftheorganization,saidtheyplantobuildmorestationsonschoolcampusesacrossChina.【2021徐汇二模】【答案】wasestablished【解析】考查谓语动词：根据句子中的时间状语inSeptember2020表明时态是一般过去时，及物动词缺少宾语，选用wasestablished的被动形式；17.People______(influence)tobecometechnologyaddicted.Onesurveyreportedthat“addicted”wasthewordmostcommonlyusedbypeopletodescribetheirrelationshiptoiPadandsimilardevices.【2021闵行二模】【答案】havebeeninfluenced【解析】考察谓语动词的时态和语态。这里括号给到的动词是在句子里作为谓语，再结合句意判断为被动语态，“人们已经被影响的变得对设备上瘾”，动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，用完成时态。综上，完成时态的被动语态。18.Oneofhumanity’sgreatestachievementshasbeenmasteringroutesacrosstheworld’soceans.Communitiesseparatedbythousandsofmilesintocontactandreligiousideashavespreadacrossthewaters,whileartisticcreativityhasbeenmotivatedbytheexperienceofseeingtheproductsofdifferentcivilizations.【2021黄埔二模】【答案】havebeenbrought【解析】考查谓语动词：句子成分分析此处应该填写谓语动词，根据后半句中的havespread判断填写现在完成时，结合bring为及物动词后缺少宾语，因此填写havebeenbrought。高考题型组合练语法填空高考题型组合练Directions:Fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.ForeignAccentSyndrome(综合症)31-year-oldEmily’slifechangedgreatlyinJanuary,whenamysteriousconditionleftherunabletospeakfortwomonths.She(21)________(complain)aboutheadachesfortwoweeksbeforeonedayhercolleaguesthennoticedthatherspeechhadbecomeslowandunclear,bothindicatorsofastroke.(22)_________________shewasrushedtothehospital,Emilyhadlostherabilitytospeakcompletely.Afterrunningsometests,doctorsruledoutthestroke,instead(23)________(blame)hervoicelossonsomesortofbraininjury.Afterspendingthreeweeksinthehospital,Emilywasstillunabletospeakandreliedsolelyonbasicsignlanguageshehadpickedupatworkandatext-to-speechapponherphone(24)________(communicate).Encouragedbyherdoctor,EmilywentonavacationinThailand.Afewdaysintothevacation,shestartedtospeakagain.How(25)_______(shock)itwaswhenEmilyoriginallynoticedherEasternEuropeanaccents,butevenmoresowhenshenoticedthatsometimesheraccentwouldchangeoutoftheblue,toPolish,ItalianandevenFrench.Althoughshedoesn’tknowthereason(26)________mayhelpexplainhercondition,shehasnoticedthatithassomethingtodowithhowtiredsheis.InMarchof2020,shewasofficiallydiagnosedwith(27)_______wascommonlycalledForeignAccentSyndrome.“IwassoexcitedwhenmyvoicestartedcomingbackbutnowIdon’tevenrecognizethevoicethatcomesoutofmymouth,itdoesn’tsound(28)________me,”Emilytoldthereporters.Nowhervoiceisback,butunfortunatelyshehastodealwithdiscrimination(歧视)frompeoplewhothinksheisanimmigrant,andhastakentimeoffworkbecausestress(29)_________onlymakeherconditionworse.Emily’scasesoundsshockinglysimilarto(30)_______ofMichelleMyers,anArizonawomanwhonevertraveledoutsideoftheUnitedStates,butwokeuptospeakinginmultipleaccents-British,IrishandAustralian-afterexperiencingsevereheadaches.ShetoowasdiagnosedwithForeignAccentSyndrome.【答案】21.hadcomplained/hadbeencomplaining22.Bythetime23.blaming24.tocommunicate25.shocking26.which/that27.what 28.like29.can 30.that【解析】21.考查动词。此句含有before的时间状从，故考虑主句动作发生在过去的过去。故填hadcomplained/hadbeencomplaining22.考查连词。从句为一般过去时，主句为过去完成时，可知动作发生有先后，可联想到Bythetime，此空较难，该三空连词较少出现23.考查动词。此处非谓语表伴随，instead为副词，对句子无影响，故填blaming24.考查动词。主句已有谓动，故考虑非谓语。因为此处表目的，故填tocommunicate25.考查动词。此处为非谓语的现在分词做表语，故填shocking26.考查连词。此处为定从修饰先行词reason，故填which/that均可27.考查连词。此处为介词宾语从句缺少主语，故填what28.考查介词。根据句意可知“…声音听起来不像我”故填like29.考查情态动词。由stress作主语但谓语make为原形可知此处填情态动词。再根据句意压力会使她的情况更加恶化。故填can30.考查代词。指代前面的case，故填that词汇填空Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.scaleB.uniqueC.costD.distanceE.demonstrateF.intrudeG.diagnosesH.alarmingI.threatenJ.falseK.crucialThehumanfaceisaremarkablepieceofwork.Theastonishingvarietyoffacialfeatureshelpspeoplerecognizeeachotherandis___11___totheformationofcomplexsocieties.Soistheface’sabilitytosendemotionalsignals,whetherthroughaninvoluntaryyawnora(n)___12___smile.Peoplespendmuchoftheirwakinglivesreadingfaces.Technologyisrapidlycatchingup.InAmericafacialrecognitionisusedbychurchestotrackworshippers’attendance.In2017,Welshpoliceusedittoarrestasuspectoutsideafootballgame.Althoughfacesare___13___toindividuals,theyarealsopublic,sotechnologydoesnot,atfirstsight,___14___onsomethingthatisprivate.Andyettheabilitytorecord,storeandanalyzeimagesoffacescheaply,quicklyandonavast___15___promisesonedaytobringaboutfundamentalchangestonotionsofprivacy,fairnessandtrust.Startwithprivacy.Onebigdifferencebetweenfacesandotherbiologicaldata,suchasfingerprints,isthattheyworkata(n)___16___.Anyonewithaphonecantakeapictureforfacial-recognitionprogramstouse.PhotographsofhalfofAmerica’sadultpopulationarestoredindatabasesthatcanbeusedbytheFBItotrackcriminals,butatenormouspotential___17___tocitizens’privacy.Thefaceisnotjustaname-tag.Itdisplaysalotofotherinformation—andmachinescanreadthat,too.Again,thatpromisesbenefits.Somefirmsareanalyzingfacestoprovideautomated___18___ofraregeneticdisordersfarearlierthanwouldotherwisebepossible.Butthetechnologyalsothreatens.ResearchersatStanfordUniversity___19___that,whenshownpicturesofonegayman,andonestraightman,thesystemcouldidentifytheirsexualitycorrectly81%ofthetime.Humansmanagedonly61%.Incountrieswherehomosexualityisacrime,softwarewhichpromisestoinfersexualityfromafaceisa(n)____20____prospect.【答案】11.K12.J13.B14.F15.A16.D17.C18.G19.E20.H【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人脸识别技术在社会各个领域中的应用情况。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：惊人的面部特征多样性帮助人们互相识别，并且对复杂社会的形成至关重要。根据上文is可知空处作表语，结合句意表示“至关重要”可知应填形容词crucial。故填crucial。故选K。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：面部传递情感信号的能力也同样如此，无论是通过无意识的打哈欠还是虚假的微笑。修饰后文名词smile，结合句意表示“虚假的”应用形容词false。故填false。故选J。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然脸是个人独有的，但它们也是公开的，所以乍一看，技术不会侵犯隐私。根据上文are可知空处作表语，结合句意表示“独有的”应用形容词unique。故填unique。故选B。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：虽然脸是个人独有的，但它们也是公开的，所以乍一看，技术不会侵犯隐私。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“侵犯”可知应填动词intrude，此处为否定陈述句，应填动词原形。故填intrude。故选F。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，廉价、快速和大规模地记录、存储和分析人脸图像的能力，承诺有一天会给隐私、公平和信任的概念带来根本性的变化。结合句意表示“大规模地”可知短语为onavastscale。故填scale。故选A。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：人脸和指纹等其他生物数据的一大区别在于，它们的工作距离较远。结合句意表示“有相当距离，在远处”可知短语为atadistance。故填distance。故选D。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：美国一半成年人的照片被存储在数据库中，联邦调查局可以利用这些数据库来追踪罪犯，但这可能会给公民的隐私带来巨大的潜在损失。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“损失”应用不可数名词cost。故填cost。故选C。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：一些公司正在通过分析人脸来为罕见的遗传疾病提供自动诊断，这比其他方法可能提供的时间要早得多。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“诊断”应用名词diagnosis，diagnosis为可数名词，此处前文没有冠词，应用复数diagnoses。故填diagnoses。故选G。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：斯坦福大学的研究人员证明，当展示一个男同性恋和一个异性恋男子的照片时，系统可以正确识别他们的性取向，准确率达81%。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“证明”应用动词demonstrate，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填demonstrate。故选E。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：在同性恋是一种犯罪行为的国家，能从人脸推断出性取向的软件前景令人担忧。修饰后文名词prospect，结合句意表示“令人担忧的”应用形容词alarming，作定语。故填alarming。故选H。ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.MajorfestivalssuchasGlastonburythrowawaysome10,000abandonedtentsattheendofeventseachyear.ForhisfinalyearprojectattheUniversityoftheWestofEngland,JamesDunlopcameupwithamaterialthatcanberecycled.AndtocopewiththeBritishsummer,thecardboardhasbeenmadewaterproof.TakinginspirationfromaJapanesearchitect,whohasusedcardboardtomakebigbuildingsincludingchurches,Mr.Dunlopusedcardboardmaterialforhistents,whichhecalledMyhabs.ThedesignwonanawardattheannualNewDesignersExhibitionafterMr.Dunlopgraduatedfromhisproductdesigndegreeandhedecidedtotrytoturnitintoabusiness.Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity’sprivatecompanieswhichfundnewbusinessandfoundasupporterinthefinancegroupMint.HeintroducedhisideatofourofMint’sdirectorsandwontheirsupport.Minthascommittedaround£500,000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop’sbusiness.ThefirstMyhabsshouldbetestedatfestivalsthissummer,beforebeingmarketedfullynextyear.Mr.Dunlopsaidthatthedesign,whichaccommodatestwopeople,couldhaveotheruses,suchasfordisasterreliefandhousingfortheLondonOlympics.Formusicevents,thecardboardhouseswillbeorderedonlineandputupatthesitesbytheMyhabteambeforethefestival-goersarriveandremovedbythecompanyafterwards.Theycanbepersonalizedandthecompanywillofferreductionsontheexpenseifpeopleagreetosellexterior(外部的)advertisingspace.Thebiggestfestivalsattracttensofthousandsofparticipants,withGlastonburyhavingsome150,000eachyear.Altogethertherearearound100annualmusicfestivalswherepeoplecampintheUK.Theeventsarebecomingincreasinglyenvironmentallyconscious.76.“Eco-friendlytents”inparagraph1refertotents_______.A.economicallydesirable B.favorabletotheenvironmentC.forholdingmusicperformances D.designedfordisasterrelief77.Mr.Dunlopestablishedhisbusiness______.A.independentlywithaninterest-freeloanfromMintB.withtheapprovaloftheCity’sadministrationC.inpartnershipwithafinancegroupD.withthehelpofaJapanesearchitect78.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_______.A.theweatherintheUKischangeableinsummerB.mostperformancesatBritishfestivalsaregivenintheopenairC.thecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailoredD.cardboardtentscanbeeasilyputupandremovedbyusers.79.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.A.anattemptatdevelopingrecyclabletentsB.someeffortsatmakingfulluseofcardboardsC.anunusualsuccessofagraduationprojectD.theeffectsofusingcardboardtentsonmusicfestivals76.答案：B解析：这是一道推断题。根据第一段“adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.”可知这种纸板做的帐篷可以回收，所以是有利于环境保护的。77.答案：C解析：这是一道推断题。根据第五段“Minthascommittedaround500000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop’sbusiness.”可知Mr.Dunlop和Mint是合作方式，Mint提供500000，分获30%的收益。78.答案：C解析：这是一道推断题。根据倒数第二段“Theycanbepersonalized”可知用户可以对帐篷进行定制。79.答案：A解析：这是一道主旨题。本文主要介绍了Mr.Dunlop发明了一种用纸板制作的可回收的帐篷，以解决节日后大量帐篷被丢弃污染环境的问题。TheNewYearisslowlynearing,andmanypeoplearelookingbackto2020andmoreimportantly,forwardtothecomingyear2021.PeoplemayusetheNewYearasatimetoturnoveranewleaf.AreyouplanningtomakeaNewYearResolution?HereareafewtipsforpreparingtobesuccessfulwithallyourNewYearResolutions.1.ASingleChangeIsEnoughYoucan’tsticktotwotothreeresolutionsatatime.Youwouldeventuallybreakoneofthemforsure.___47___.Don’tgetoverwhelmedandthinkthatyouhavetoreassesseverythinginyourlife.But,don’tbreakthatoneresolutionyoumake,becausethatisimportant.2.WriteDownYourResolutionsOnceyouhavedecidedonyourachievableresolutions,writethemdown.Ithelpstowritedownyourresolutionsoyoucanreferbacktoitoftenduringtheyear.___48___.Also,bywritingitdown,youwillbeabletoreviewitoftenandevaluateyourprogresssincethetimetheresolutionwasmade.4.AskForSupportTellafriendoryourlovedoneswhomyoutrustaboutyourresolution.Theywillprovideyouwithsupportandkeepyoufocusedonyourgoal.Andifyouarewaveringatall,theirsupportwillensureyoudon’tgiveupeasily.Besides,itisadvisabletojoinanonlinesupportgroupforspecificresolutionssuchaslosingweight,givingupchocolate,ortrainingforthenex