高考基础语法复习构词法 在英语中 词的构成法主要有三种 合成 转化 派生 课件

高考基础语法复习构词法在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种:

合成、转化、派生一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。

1.合成名词

名词+名词

cowboynewspaper

名词+ing

handwritingsunbathing

ing+名词

waiting-roomsleeping-pill

形容词+名词

blackboardshorthand……2.合成动词:

副词+动词

overthrowuphold

形容词+动词

blacklistwhitewash

名词+动词

sleepwalksunburn3.合成形容词:

名词+形容词

snow-whitelifelong

名词+过去分词

man-madehandmade

数词+名词

one-waysecond-hand

…….一、合成二、转化:动词名词:

taste(v.)taste(n.)

Ittastesgood.Ithasagoodtaste.(2)名词动词:

hand(n.)hand(v.)

Let’sgohandinhand.Pleasehandinyourexercisebooksafterclass.

(3)形容词动词:

clean(adj.)clean(v.)

Herroomiscleanandtidy.Shecleansherroomeveryday.由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.三、派生：1.表示否定意义的前缀dis-

dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,

incapable,inability,ignoble,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsenseun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-

antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

1)

a-表示“在……之上”，“向……”

aboard,aside,2)

by-表示“附近，邻近，边侧”

bypath,bypass(弯路)3)

inter-,intel-,表示“在……间，相互”

international,interaction,internet

mid-,表示“中，中间”

midnight,mid-autumn5)

out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”

outline,outside,outward6)

over-,

表示“在上面，在外部，向上”

overlook,overhead,overboard7)

extra-,表示“额外”

extraction（提取）8)

fore-表示“在前面”

forehead,foreground9)

in-,im-,表示“向内，在内，背于”

inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”

underline,underground,underwater

11)

up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”

upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)

1．re--“又\,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry

2.co—“联合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker

3.

super—“在…上；加之”superman,supermarket3.表示其他意义的前缀:后缀

例词名词-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-ess

inability,availableleakage,shortagerenewal,withdrawalAmerican,Koreanprivacy,accuracyfarmer,thinker,painkilleractor,sailor,collectorChinese,Japanese,Portugueseemployee,trustee,intervieweeengineer,profiteermachinery,jewelleryactress,waitress,empress后缀

例词名词-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-ure

armful,handful,mouthfulEgyptian,Russian,Asian,musicianartist,pianist,communist,scientistsocialism,realism,idealismgovernment,movement,developmentbusiness,illness,darknessfriendship,ownershipinvention,liberation,educationdeparture,failure,exposure后缀

例词形容词-able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-y-less-some

advisable,admirable,comfortablephysical,national,politicalAmerican,Italian,Australiansouthern,northern,easternfattest,latest,luckiesthelpful,useful,carefulBritish,English,foolish,childishactive,instructive,expensivecloudy,windy,dirty,sunnycareless,uselesstroublesome,tiresome后缀

例词动词-(e)n-fy-ize-ate

widen,strengthen,lengthensimplify,beautifyapologize,organize,realizeactivate,motivate后缀

例词副词-ly-down-ward(s)

really,badly,perfectly,trulyface-down,palm-down(手掌向下地)towards,forward,outward后缀

例词数词-teen-ty-th

fourteen,fifteen,eighteenforty,fifty,eightyfourth,fifth,eighthPractice(I):

从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.booklookersnewfarfirsttroubletenbabyoveremptyreachingcaseminuteclassbornonhandedeatsitfreePractice(II):

rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______back(形容词)_________visit(名词)__________home(形容词)________eight(序数词)________true(名词)___________America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinesePractice(III):

Fillintheblankswithproperwords.

Withthe(1)____________(develop)ofindustry,airpollutionisgettingmore(2)________moreserious.InBeijing,manypeoplesufferdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause(3)_______airpollution.Airpollutioniscaused(4)_____thefollowingreasons:abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles.Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygive(5)______poisonousgases.25%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.Another(6)________(fact)isthesmokers.Smokingnotonlydoes(7)______totheirhealth(8)____alsotoothers.Besidesthese,about10%ofair(9)________iscausedbyotherreasons.Weshould