初中被动语态复习

初中英语复习课thePassiveVoice一、什么是被动语态二、几种常见的被动语态结构三、什么时候用被动语态？四、如何将主动语态该为被动语态五、什么情况下没有被动语态六、哪些被动结构表示主动语态一、什么是被动语态动作的承受者做主语

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。am/is/aredonewas/weredoneshall/willbedonehave/hasbeendonecan/may/must//should/oughttobedone一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在完成时：带情态动词时：

二、几种常见的被动语态结构三、什么情况下

用被动语态1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.

主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.

主语谓语宾语→

I

wasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主语谓语宾语（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.

四、Putthefollowingintopassivevoice：1.Icanfinishmyhomeworkeveryday.

Myhomeworkcanbefinished

bymeeveryday.2.Didtheybuymanyflowers？

Weremanyflowersbought

bythem？3.Hedoesn’toftenreadEnglish.

Englishisn’toftenread

byhim.4.Theytoldusnottogothere.

Weweretoldnottogotherebythem.

1.每天洗衣服。Clothesarewashedeveryday.2.别着急.这封信会准时寄给他的.

Don’tworry.Thelettercanbesenttohimontime.

3.这些婴儿上周受到了很好的照顾。

Thebabieswerelookedafterwelllastweek.4.他们昨天拍了很多照片。Theytookmanyphotosyesterday.

Or:

Manyphotosweretakenbythemyesterday.5.Tom常开他爸爸的小车。Tomoftendriveshisfather’scar.Or:

Hisfather’scarisoftendrivenbyTom1.在hear，see，watch，notice等“感观”动词的后面和make，let等“使役”动词的后面作宾补的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子在变为被动语态时，应加上to。（一听，二使，三看）(1).Isawhercomeintomyroom.

Shewasseen

tocomeintomyroombyme.(2).Hemademewritetheletterforhim.

Iwasmadetowritetheletterforhim.注意问题2.若主动语态的动词是双宾语动词（如：give，pass，show等），变被动语态时，只把其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留不动，称作保留宾语。若保留宾语是指人，前面要加上介词“to”。eg：

Heshowedmehisphotos.

Iwasshownhisphotos.

OR:Hisphotoswereshowntome.Morewordsgive

sb

sth=give

sth.tosbshow

sb

sb

sth=show

sth.to

sbpass

sb

sb

sth=pass

sth.to

sbsend

sb

sb

sth=send

sth.to

sb

bring

sb

sb

sth=bring

sth.to

sbtell

sb

sb

sth=tell

sth.to

sb3.如主动语态的动词是双宾语动词如buy,make等，变被动语态时，只把其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留不动，若保留的宾语是指人，前面要加上介词for.e.gHeboughtmeapen.Apenwasboughtforme.或Iwasboughtapen

get

sb

sb

sth=getsth.for

sbbuy

sb

sb

sth=buy

sth.for

sbmake

sb

sb

sth=make

sth.for

sbmend

sb

sb

sth=mend

sth.for

sbcook

sb

sb

sth=cook

sth.for

sb4.只有及物动词才能用于被动语态，不及物动词不能用于被动语态。但相当于一个及物动词的动词短语可用于被动语态。但在变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。eg：Thedoctorlookedovertheoldwomancarefully.Theoldwomanwaslookedoverbythedoctorcarefully.归纳：三、如何将主动语态改为被动语态1找主谓宾2将宾语提前3加上by和其他4原句是双宾结构，改被动语态有两种（1）间宾/sb.做主语改法如123；（2）直宾/sth.做主语，sb.前加上to或for5不带to的动词不定式改写被动语态，to要还原。一听，二看，三使。6.todo改成被动语态是tobedone.needtodohavetodooughttodoneedtobedonehavetobedoneoughttobedoneAttention!

五、什么情况下没有被动语态1.感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

2.当wash,read,sell,write,cook等词带状语修饰语（well,easily,badly等）时

*Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.*Mypenwriteswell.*Thesenovelsdon'tsellwell.(Thebooksweresoldout.)*Themeatdoesn’t

cookeasily.(Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.)3.一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态。如：happen，takeplace,last,have(有),appear,disappear,cost,comeout这本书已经出版许多次了。

Thebookhasalreadycomeoutmanytimes(2)我家乡已发生了巨大的变化。

Greatchangeshavealreadytakenplaceinmyhometown(3)会议持续了30分钟。

Themeetinglastedfor30minutes.4.不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.

5.宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：

ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.六、用被动语态表示主动意义的词：belost(迷路),be/gethurt,(受伤)，bedressed(穿着)(1)我在那个陌生的地方迷路了。Iwaslostinthatstrangeplace.(…lostmyself…)(2)在地震中孙先生受伤很严重。MrSunwasbadlyhurtintheearthquake.(…hurthimself…)(3)穿戴好之后，斯密斯夫人从卧室走了出来。MrsSmithwentoutfromthebedroomaftershegotdressedChoosethebestanswer:1.Anewbook______mebyhimyesterday.A.isgiventoB.wasgivenC.wasgiventoD.gaveto2.Don’tworrry.Thejob______twohours.A.canbefinishedinB.wasfinishedforC.canfinishinD.canbefinishedafter3.Usuallytheclassroom______twiceaday,butnobody______thefloorthismorning.A.iscleaned,wassweptB.cleans,wassweptC.iscleaned,sweptD.iscleaned,sweeps4.I_______atfivethismorning,soIamverytirednow.A.waswakingB.waswokenC.wakeupD.waswokenupCACCD5.He_____me______therewithhimlastnigh.A.wasasked,togoB.asked,togoC.wasasked,goD.asked,go6.Theystayedhere______April.A.inB.sinceC.forD.on7.We_______apicniclastWednesday.A.toldtohaveB.weretoldtohaveC.weretoldhimtohaveD.weretoldtonothave8.Who_______thefoodonthetable,Tom?A.ateupB.waseatenupC.eatsupD.waseatingup9.Todaymanytreesarebeingcutinourcountry.Somoretrees_________.A.mustplantB.mustbeplantC.mustbeplantedA.mustbetoplantBBABCA10.______thehomework______thedayaftertomorrow?A.May,behandedinB.Maybe,handedinC.May,handinD.May,behanded11.Mypencil______thedaybeforeyesterday.A.foundB.wasfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfound12.Thescientisthasworkedonthemathsproblemforthreedayswithouthavingarest,sohe_______verytirednow.A.mustbeB.maybeC.canbeD.needbe13.Theworkers——————muchheavyworkeachday.A.madetodoB.weremadetodoC.weremadedoD.madehimtodo

AABAB1.Itwasquitehardforthedogtogo___________(通过)thesmallhole.2.Look,what’s_____________(发生)overthere?3.Isawhimwalk___________(经过)theteachers’office.4.Iknowtheboy____________(叫)Mike.5.Theletterwas_____________(写)tothemlastnight.Fillinthemissingwords:throughhappeningpastnamedwritten6.Newspapersare____________(看)everyday.7.Theballwas____________(扔)tohimandhecaughtit.8.Theyare______________(砍)downsometrees.9.MikeandTomwanttobe________(士兵)inthefuture.10.Thebookcanbe_____________(借)foraweek.11.Werethey_______(用于)for__________(保持)warm?readthrowncuttingsoldierskeptusedkeeping1.Hewastoldmetogothereatonce.2.Theboywasseencameintotheoffice3.Theoldcanbetakengoodcareinourcountry.4.IsthekindofcarmakebyShanghai?CorrectionCorrectionCo