初中英语语法

语法一、名词基本知识点名词的复数形式（1）在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es，

如：bus—buses（2）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加es，如：factory—factories（3）以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es，如：tomato—tomatoes

但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词，缩写词以o结尾的则只加s。radio—radios基本知识点（4）以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es，如：knife—knives例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs（5）不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的，它没有规律可循，如:man—men,woman—women（6）单复同形的名词有：deer（7）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people写出复数sheeppianoleafmousetoothfamilydayclassmatchfootchildcountrywatchboyheroPhotoChinese写出复数sheeppianoleafmousetoothfamilydayclassmatchfootchildcountrywatchboyheroPhotoChinese

sheeppianosleavesmiceteethfamiliesdaysclassesmatchesfeetchildrencountrieswatchesboysheroesPhotosChinese

常见错误1.Pleasegivemeapaper.常见错误1.Pleasegivemeapaper.Pleasegivemeapieceofpaper.paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类，是不可数名词。物质名词：water,steel,glass,cotton,wood,sandadropofwater一滴水abottleofwater一瓶水※paper作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词，如：Eachstudentshouldwriteapaperonwhathehaslearnt.常见错误2.Iwantafewwater.

常见错误2.Iwantafewwater.Iwantalittlewater.不可数名词前可以用alittle,little,alotof,some,much来修饰，但不可用many,few来修饰还要注意一点——比较级Weshouldtryourbestto

workwith

money.A.more,fewerB.more,lessC.less,more常见错误littlelessfewfewermuchmoremanymore修饰可数名词的词：many,no,several,some,afew,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough修饰不可数名词的词：much,no,some,agreatdeal,plenty,alotof,plentyof。常见错误3.Thankyouverymuch.

Yourfamilyisverykindtome.I'msorry.Ihavetogo.Tom'sfamiliesarewaitingforme.常见错误3.Thankyouverymuch.

Yourfamilyisverykindtome.I'msorry.Ihavetogo.Tom'sfamiliesarewaitingforme.Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyareverykindtome.I'msorry.Ihavetogo.Tom'sfamilyarewaitingforme.常见错误集合名词如果指某个集合的整体，则应视为单数，如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。如:Tom’sfamilyisabigfamily.WhenIcamein,Tom'sfamilywerewatchingTV.汤姆一家人正在看电视。这样的集合名词有：familyclass,team等常见错误4.Thereisaflowersgardenbehindmyhouse.

常见错误4.Thereisaflowersgardenbehindmyhouse.

Thereisaflowergardenbehindmyhouse.当名词修饰另一个名词，这时作修饰词的名词要用单数shoefactory鞋厂postoffice邮局headmaster校长alawschool法律学院eveningpaper晚报例外：agoodstrain货车sportsmeeting运动会常见错误5.名词单复数与谓语的使用。(1)Thestoriesofthebook

writtenmanyyearsago.A.wereB.wasC.is(2)40percentofmoney

spentonfoodeverymonth.A.wereB.isC.are常见错误5.名词单复数与谓语的使用。(1)Thestoriesofthebook

writtenmanyyearsago.A.wereB.wasC.is(2)40percentofmoney

spentonfoodeverymonth.A.wereB.isC.are练习题Iofferedmysonmy

onhissuccess.A.congratulateB.congratulationC.congratulations2.

Goodnewsitis!A.HowB.WhataC.What3.—Mum,I’veheardthatwecan’teat____thesedays.Isittrue?

—Takeiteasy.Itissafetoeatcookedmeat.A.chickenB.chickensC.achickenD.thechicken练习题4.Whichisthe＿＿＿tothebusstop，please?AroadBwayCstreetDaddress5.Hurryup!Thereis＿＿＿timeleft.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew6.

Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest＿＿＿inourcountry.AcityBcity'sCcitysDcities7.Wouldyoupleasepassme＿＿＿?AtwopaperBtwopapersCtwopiecesofpaperDtwopiecesofpapers练习题8.September10this＿＿＿Day.ATeacherBTeachersCTeacher'sDTeachers'9.Thereisn't＿＿＿paperinthebox.Willyougoandget＿＿＿forme?Aany,someBany,anyCsome,someDsome,any练习题Iofferedmysonmy

onhissuccess.A.congratulateB.congratulationC.congratulations2.

Goodnewsitis!A.HowB.WhataC.What3.—Mum,I’veheardthatwecan’teat____thesedays.Isittrue?

—Takeiteasy.Itissafetoeatcookedmeat.A.chickenB.chickensC.achickenD.thechicken练习题4.Whichisthe＿＿＿tothebusstop，please?Aroad

Bway

CstreetDaddress5.Hurryup!Thereis＿＿＿timeleft.Alittle

BalittleCfewDafew6.

Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest＿＿＿inourcountry.AcityBcity'sCcitys

Dcities7.Wouldyoupleasepassme＿＿＿?AtwopaperBtwopapersCtwopiecesofpaper

Dtwopiecesofpapers练习题8.September10this＿＿＿Day.ATeacherBTeachersCTeacher's

DTeachers'9.Thereisn't＿＿＿paperinthebox.Willyougoandget＿＿＿forme?Aany,some

Bany,anyCsome,someDsome,any二、冠词a主要的难点是用在固定词组中：haveawalk/arest/alookinahurry匆匆忙忙makeaface作鬼脸dosomebodyafavour帮某人忙anumberof=manyhaveagoodtime(玩得好)haveacold(感冒)haveaheadache(头痛)haveabreak=havearestanan用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前

university

usefulmachine

umbrella

houranan用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前auniversity

ausefulmachineanumbrellaanhour—Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,Lucy?

—Iwanttobe_____pilot.Itis_____excitingjob.A.a;aB.a;anC.a;the

D.the;anthe的用法（1）序数词Iliveonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.（2）形容词最高级Heistheoldestinthefamily.（3）由普通名词构成的或地理名词之前theYellowRiver,theGreatWall,theUnitedState（4）在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：Thericharenotalwayshappy.TheturnersaregoingtomovetoNewYork.the的用法（5）在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：intheeast,inthewest,inthenorth,inthesouth,inthedirection，inthepast,inthefuture（6）一日三餐、季节前不加theWouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforsupperIliketoclimbthemountaininautumn（7）在报刊、书籍、乐器前要加定冠词，而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词theTimes(泰晤士报),playthepiano,playbasketball（8）固定搭配inthemorning练习题1.Englishis＿＿＿usefullanguagein＿＿＿world.Aan,theBa,theCthe,/D/,the2.Heusuallygoestoschoolon＿＿＿foot.AaBanCtheD/3.＿＿＿GreensarepreparingfortheThanksgivingDay.AaBanCtheD/三、形容词、副词1.Thelittleboyis

tocarrytheboxonhisown.A.strongenoughB.toostrongC.sostrong形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词三、形容词、副词too……todosth.太……而不能做某事

……enoughtodosth.足够……去做某事1.Thelittleboyis

tocarrytheboxonhisown.A.strongenoughB.toostrongC.sostrong三、形容词、副词2.Waitaminute,Ihave＿＿＿totellyou.A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginterestingC.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting三、形容词、副词修饰不定代词的修饰词要放在不定代词之后不定代词：something,anything,nothing2.Waitaminute,Ihave＿＿＿totellyou.A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginterestingC.interestingsomethingD.anythinginterestingThereisnothinginterestingintheexhibition.三、形容词、副词3.Thiseggsmells＿＿＿,thoughitlooksallright.A.goodB.wellC.badDbadly三、形容词、副词smell为系动词，其后应加形容词，而不是副词。同样的词，还有sound,

feel,seem等等，如：Icefeelscoldinwinter.3.Thiseggsmells＿＿＿,thoughitlooksallright.A.goodB.wellC.bad

Dbadly三、形容词、副词3.Katesings＿＿＿Joan.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.sogoodasD.asbetteras三、形容词、副词as+原级+as3.Katesings＿＿＿Joan.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.sogoodasD.asbetteras三、形容词、副词I'llwork＿＿＿Ican.A.sohardlyasB.sohardasC.ashardlyasD.ashardas三、形容词、副词I'llwork＿＿＿Ican.A.sohardlyasB.sohardasC.ashardlyasD.ashardashardly几乎不hardadv.努力地

adj.努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的练习题1.Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis＿?A.interestingB.muchinterestingC.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting2.Peoplecarealotaboutfoodsafety,fortheywanttoeat______.A.healthB.healthyC.healthily3.—WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmSoYoungdirectedbyZhaoWei?

—Wonderful.Ithinkit’s_____thantheotherfilmsaboutyouthinrecentyears.thebest

B.theworstC.muchbetter

D.muchworse4.LiNawonthefirstplaceinthefinaltennisgame.Nobodyelseplayed

!A.well B.better C.best练习题1.Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis＿?A.interestingB.muchinterestingC.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting2.Peoplecarealotaboutfoodsafety,fortheywanttoeat______.A.healthB.healthyC.healthily3.—WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmSoYoungdirectedbyZhaoWei?

—Wonderful.Ithinkit’s_____thantheotherfilmsaboutyouthinrecentyears.thebest

B.theworst

C.muchbetter

D.muchworse4.LiNawonthefirstplaceinthefinaltennisgame.Nobodyelseplayed

!A.well B.better

C.best四、连词并列连词：and，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso，aswellas转折的并列连词：but，however，while(而)，only(只不过)选择关系的并列连词：or,orelse,otherwise…表示前因后果的连词：for,so,therefore(因此)，then四、连词连接名词性从句：that,if,whether,连接原因状语从句：when,while,as,since,before,after,once，until,till条件状语的连词有：if,unless,aslongas目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：sothat,so…that,such…that,as…as,than,where…一、并列连词：and，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso，aswellas

BothmysisterandIareteachers.都是NotonlyIbutalsoyouarewrong.两个都是翻译不同NeithermysisternorIamteachers.两者都不Either

youoryourfatheriswrong.其中一个是Tom,aswellashisfamiliesisteachers.伴随连词一、并列连词：and，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso，aswellas

★注意主谓一致（1）谓语依前又依后由and或both…and连接的两个词都做主语Both

mysisterand

I

areveryhappytoday.（2）谓语依前不依后由with,togetherwith,aswellas,but连接的两个词都做主语Mr.Smith,aswellashischildrenhascametoChina.Acomputerwithtwohundredbookshassenttotheoldscientist.一台电脑，外加两百本书送给了那个老科学家AlltheteachersbuttheheadmasterhavegonetoKorea.除了校长，所有老师都去了韩国一、并列连词：and，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso，aswellas

★注意主谓一致（3）谓语依后不依前（就近原则）由either…or，or,neither…nor，notonly…butalso…连接的两个词，谓语依后不依前Eitheryouoryourmotheriswrong.Notonlyyoubutalsoyourmotheriswrong.一、并列连词：and，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso，aswellas

★bothof,neitherof(两个)Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.★bothof,neitherofBothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.Neitherofmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.both一般用于肯定句中，neither用于否定句Neitherofusisright。才能被理解为"我们俩无一正确"。★allof,noneof(三个或以上)Allofthestudentspassedtheexam.Noneofmyfamiliesaredoctors.allof用于肯定句中，noneof用于否定句四、连词并列连词：and转折的并列连词：but（但是）选择关系的并列连词：or（或者）(or也可以表示否则……)表示前因后果的连词：so（所以）四、and,but,or,so1.WeboughtGrannyapresent,＿＿＿shedidn'tlikeit.butB.andC.orD.so2.Runquickly,＿＿＿we'llmisstheearlytrain.andB.butC.soD.or3.-Whichwouldyoulikebetter,tea＿＿＿milk?-Tea,please.butB.andC.orD.with4.Ilikefish,＿＿＿chicken,＿＿＿eggs.and,andB.and,withC./,andD.and,/5.Speakslowly,＿＿＿wecanunderstandyouA.andB.orC.ifD.because

并列连词练习1.NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI_______interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavoritestar.A.beB.amC.isD.are2.–Whycan’ttheboyunderstandwhattheAmericanteachersaid?Becauseheisabeginner,

heknows

English.and;alittleB.and;littleC.so;littleD.so;alittle3.BothLiLeiandHanMeimei

fondofTVprogramaBiteofChina.isB.amC.wasD.are并列连词练习4.-Whichbasketballplayerdoyoulikebest,Kobe,JamesorJordan?

ofthem.LinShuhaoismyfavorite.AllB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither5.Benwasbusytakingatrainingclass,wehadtowaitformhimforanhour.A.SoB.ifC.orD.but6.Animalsarepartofnature

shouldbewellprotected.A.and B.or C.but并列连词练习1.NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI_______interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavoritestar.A.beB.amC.isD.are2.–Whycan’ttheboyunderstandwhattheAmericanteachersaid?Becauseheisabeginner,

heknows

English.and;alittleB.and;littleC.so;littleD.so;alittle3.BothLiLeiandHanMeimei

fondofTVprogramaBiteofChina.isB.amC.wasD.are并列连词练习4.-Whichbasketballplayerdoyoulikebest,Kobe,JamesorJordan?

ofthem.LinShuhaoismyfavorite.AllB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither5.Benwasbusytakingatrainingclass,wehadtowaitformhimforanhour.A.SoB.ifC.orD.but6.Animalsarepartofnature

shouldbewellprotected.

A.and

B.or C.but五、代词英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词（1）人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别人称我你他她它我们你们他们主格iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem代词（2）物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs代词（3）反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves代词（4）指示代词主要有this,that,these,those（5）疑问代词有：

who,whose,what,which（6）疑问副词when,how,where,why（7）不定代词：some,any，many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…一、other的相关搭配和用法（1）可做代词，单独使用；（2）又可做形容词修饰名词，

一般接名词复数，不可接名词单数；（3）若接名词单数，other前面要加上any或some等词。[例1]Idon’tknowtheway.Pleaseaskany/someotherperson.=Idon’tknowtheway.Pleaseaskotherpeople.theother两者中的另一个others其他的，泛指theothers其他的……，特指another同类中的另一个，泛指[例2]Tomismuchtallerthantheothersofhisclass.=Tomismuchtallerthantheotherstudentsofhisclass.=Tomismuchtallerthananyotherstudentofhisclass.=Tomismuchtallerthanalltheotherstudentsofhisclass.汤姆比他班上的其他人高得多。不能说Heistallerthantheothersstudents.theother两者中的另一个others其他的，泛指theothers其他的……，特指another同类中的另一个，泛指[例3]Idon’tlikethispen.Pleaseshowmeanother.=Idon’tlikethispen.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.=Idon’tlikethispen.Pleaseshowmeanotherpen.我不喜欢这支钢笔。再给我一支看看。二、each和every的区别each强调个体，指两者或两者以上的人或物。在句子中可以做主语、宾语和定语（修饰可数名词单数）every强调整体，只能指三者或三者以上的人和物，在句子中只能做定语修饰名词[例1]我们每个人有一台电脑。[误]Eachofushaveacomputer.二、each和every的区别each强调个体，指两者或两者以上的人或物。在句子中可以做主语、宾语和定语（修饰可数名词单数）every强调整体，只能指三者或三者以上的人和物，在句子中只能做定语修饰名词[例1]我们每个人有一台电脑。[误]Eachofushaveacomputer.Eachofushasacomputer.(each是代词，主语，谓语单)Weeachhaveacomputer.(each是代词，同位语，谓语复)Wehaveacomputereach.(each是副词，状语，谓语复数)二、each和every的区别each强调个体，指两者或两者以上的人或物。在句子中可以做主语、宾语和定语（修饰可数名词单数）every强调整体，只能指三者或三者以上的人和物，在句子中只能做定语修饰名词[例2]我们每个人有一台电脑。[误]Everyofuslikesmusic.二、each和every的区别each强调个体，指两者或两者以上的人或物。在句子中可以做主语、宾语和定语（修饰可数名词单数）every强调整体，只能指三者或三者以上的人和物，在句子中只能做定语修饰名词[例2]我们每个人有一台电脑。[误]Everyofuslikesmusic.Eachofuslikesmusic.Everyoneofuslikesmusic.Wealllikemusic.★every不能单独使用，在句中只能做定语，修饰名词。二、each和every的区别each强调个体，指两者或两者以上的人或物。在句子中可以做主语、宾语和定语（修饰可数名词单数）every强调整体，只能指三者或三者以上的人和物，在句子中只能做定语修饰名词“everyother+名词”或“every+数词+名词”表示”每隔”的意思.Mymothercomeshereeveryotherday.=mymothercomeshereeverytwodays.我妈妈每两天来这里一次。这里的every不能换为each三、表示替代的it,that,one,theone,ones,theones,those等it代替同一件事，或上文、下文提到的事。one代替同类中的一个，修饰可数名词，泛指。theone是特指，the

one=that.ones

是one的复数，泛指。theones是特指，theones=those.that可以代替可数或不可数名词（只有that可以代替不可数名词）Informationisreceivedintoourbrainbyattention,anditsqualitydetermineshowwellitwillbeprocessed,savedandusedafterwards.A.qualityB.brainC.attentionD.information三、表示替代的it,that,one,theone,ones,theones,those等it代替同一件事，或上文、下文提到的事。one代替同类中的一个，修饰可数名词，泛指。theone是特指，the

one=that.ones

是one的复数，泛指。theones是特指，theones=those.that可以代替可数或不可数名词（只有that可以代替不可数名词）Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave

(one/it)-Whydon’twetakealittlebreak?-Didn’twejusthave

?(one/it)3.I’llgivebookstoallthepupilsexcept

whohavealreadytakenthem.(theone/those)4.Theyboughtanewhousebut

needsalotofwokbeforetheycanmovein.(it/which)5.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,

but

didn’thelp.(it/she)6.Ihate

whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(it/that)三、表示替代的it,that,one,theone,ones,theones,those等it代替同一件事，或上文、下文提到的事。one代替同类中的一个，修饰可数名词，泛指。theone是特指，the

one=that.ones

是one的复数，泛指。theones是特指，theones=those.that可以代替可数或不可数名词（只有that可以代替不可数名词）7.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar

hedied?(it/that)8.Itistheabilitytodothejob

matters,notwhoyouareorwhatyouare.(which/that)9.Theweatherhereismuchcoolerthan

ofmyhometown.(one/that)10.–Ilikethecomputerverymuch.Iwilluseiteveryday.Doyoumean

youboughtyesterday?（one/theone）11.Maryboughtanewwalkman,

madeinKorea.(one/which)12.Passmethewalkman,

onthetable.(one/theone)三、表示替代的it,that,one,theone,ones,theones,those等it代替同一件事，或上文、下文提到的事。one代替同类中的一个，修饰可数名词，泛指。theone是特指，the

one=that.ones

是one的复数，泛指。theones是特指，theones=those.that可以代替可数或不可数名词（只有that可以代替不可数名词）答案：1.One

2.one3.those或theones4.it5.it6.it7.That8.that9.that10.theone11.one12.theone四、either,neither,none1.-Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?-

isOK.Idon’tcare.EitherB.BothC.Neither2.Thewholeclassdidagoodjob,and

makeamistake.A.neitherB.eitherC.none五、修饰复合不定代词的形容词置后somethingimportant–Whichdriverwastoblame(责怪)?-Why,

!Itwasthechlid’sfault,clearandsimple.Hesuddentlycameoutbetweentwocars.bothB.eachC.eitherD.neither.2.Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheard

before.A.thebetteroneB.thebestoneC.abetteroneD.agoodone3.Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,solet’shave

onethismonth.A.theotherB.someC.anotherD.other.4.-WhocallmethismorningwhenIwasout?-Amancalling

Robbert.A.himb.himselfC.hisD./5.Ofallthebooksonthedesk,

isofmyuseformystudy.A.nothingB.nooneC.neitherD.none6.Ifyoucan’tdecidewhichofthetwobookstoborrow,whydon’tyoutake

?Iwon’treadthemthisweek.A.allB.anyC.eitherD.both7.Youcandropinorjustgivemeacall.

willdo.A.EitherB.EachC.NeitherD.All8.Iammovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan

inthecity.A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those.9.Ithinkhe’sjustgoingtodealwithhisproblem

day.A.nextB.otherC.followingD.another六、数词一、基数词复数形式的用法与具体名词连用时，hundred,thousand,million,billion不能变为复数，但后面的名词要变为复数。如：threehundredstudents表示不确定数字，和of连用时，本身要变成复数如：millionsofworkers.以ty结尾的基数词的复数形式表示年代或者某人的年龄。Thesetwoscientistsgotmarriedintheirthirties.这两名科学家是30多岁结婚的MyneighbourtookupRussianinhisforties.我的邻居是40多岁开始学习俄语IknowtheCivilWartookplaceinthe1940’s.我知道那场内战是20世纪40年代爆发的。六、数词二、分数词、百分比的用法分数词、百分比后加名词时，谓语要依据名词而定。名词是不可数名词，谓语用单数；名词是可数名词，谓语用复数。Seventypercentofthefoodhasbeenconsumed.Two-thirdsofthebookshavebeensoldout.六、数词三、日期和钟点的表示法Whatdateisittoday?January25th.Whatdayisittoday?Saturday.5点20分——twentypastfive;fivetwenty5点50分——tentosix;fivefifty六、数词四、序数词与冠词a连用表示“又、再”的意思序数词与定冠词连用表示“第几次、第几个”Heisthesecondtallestboyinourclass.他是我们班第二高的男孩。Don’tworry.Tryasecondtime.不要着急，再试一次Itriedsixtimes,butIwanttotryaseventhtime.我已试过六次了，但我想再试一次。Thevillageisfarawayfromherindeed.It’s

walk.afourhourB.afourhour’sC.afour-hoursD.afourhours’2.Theheroofthestoryisanartistinhis

.A.ThirtiethB.thirtyC.thirty’sD.thirties.3.Ittookusquitealongtimetogetthere.Itwas

journey.A.three-hourB.athreehourC.athree-hourD.threehours4.Ofthesemachines,

can’twork.A.FiveninethsB.fifthnineC.fifthsnineD.fiveninths5.Shewenttothebookstoreandbought

.A.hunderdbooksB.hundredsbooksC.hundredofbooksD.hundredsofbooks6.HebegantolearnRussian

.A.inthe1970B.inthe1970sC.in1970’sD.in1970s7.Hewasbusywriting

report.A.a800-wordB.an800-wordsC.800-wordD.an8000-word8.Althoughhetriedsixtimes,hewantstotry

time.A.theseventhB.aseventhC.asevenD.asecond.七、动词的时态和语态时态：1一般现在时：①用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun②表示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：Ioftengotobedat9∶３０③在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：AssoonasIgetthereI'lltelephoneyou.2一般过去时：①主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：Iwasilllastweek②过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如：Iusedtogetupatsix.七、动词的时态和语态时态：3一般将来时：①用ｗill(shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：SchoolwillbeginonSepember1st②用begoingto+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：I'mgoingtoswimthisafternoon③be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：I'mcoming。这些动词只限于：go,come,leave,start,move,sail,arrive,reach,getto等动词。④在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。七、动词的时态和语态时态：现在进行时：要注意的是表示状态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like,have(有)，love,know,understand,remember,forget,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,wishhope,expect…5.现在完成时①用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，如：I‘vestudiedEnglishfortwoyears（since

twoyearsago.）②用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在，如：Ihaven'thadmybreakfast.soI'mhungrynow一、被动语态的两种结构“be+过去分词”和“get+过去分词”“be+过去分词”表示状态；“get+过去分词”表示动作或动作的结果Theseyoungpeoplearemarriedandtheygotmarriedlastyear.这些年轻人都已经成家了。他们是去年结婚的。Thetreeisbrokenanditgotbrokeninthesandstrom.这个树断了，是在沙尘暴中折断的。二、容易出错的被动语态（1）Wesawthegirlenterthesupermarketjustnow.（2）Mothermademewashhandsbeforesupper.（3）Weoftenheartheboysingasonginthenextroom.二、容易出错的被动语态（1）Wesawthegirlenterthesupermarketjustnow.Thegirlwasseentoenterthesupermarketjustnow.（2）Mothermademewashhandsbeforesupper.Iwasmadetowashhandsbeforesupper（3）Weoftenheartheboysingasonginthenextroom.

Theboyisoftenheardtosingasonginthenextroom.使役动词make,let等，以及感官动词see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等在主动语态中，接动词原形。变为被动语态时，要加to。三、不用呢被动语态的情况（1）Thiskindofcakeistasteddelicious.×

Thiskindofcaketastesdelicious.√（2）Whatdoyouthinkwashappenedjustnow.×

Whatdoyouthinkhappenedjustnow.√（3）Soonthebirdwasdisappearedinthedistance.×

Soonthebirddisappearedinthedistance.√四、不用呢被动语态的情况（1）Thiskindofcakeistasteddelicious.×

Thiskindofcaketastesdelicious.√（2）Whatdoyouthinkwashappenedjustnow.×

Whatdoyouthinkhappenedjustnow.√（3）Soonthebirdwasdisappearedinthedistance.×

Soonthebirddisappearedinthedistance.√确认时态、语态的四种方法一、根据连接词确定例1.Allmorningasshewaitedforthereportfromthedoctor,hernervousness

.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown例2.–Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasgoon-WherewasI?-you

youdidn’tlikeyourfather’sjob.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.say例3.Let’skeeptothepoingorweanydecision.A.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.nerverreached确认时态、语态的四种方法一、根据连接词确定例1.Allmorningasshewaitedforthereportfromthedoctor,hernervousness

.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown例2.–Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasgoon-WherewasI?-you

youdidn’tlikeyourfather’sjob.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.say例3.Let’skeeptothepoingorweanydecision.A.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.nerverreached确认时态、语态的四种方法二、根据介词、副词确定一般现在时/一般过去时：often,frequently,seldom,sometimes,everyday/month/year,onceaweek/month完成时：for,since,eversince,sofar,inthepast/last+具体时间，recently/lately,bynow.进行时：now,thistimeyesterday,always,allthetime.确认时态、语态的四种方法二、根据介词、副词确定例1.IwonderwhyJenny

usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten例2.Withtherapidgrowthofpopulation,thecity

inalldirectionsinthepastfiveyears.spreadsB.

hasspreadC.spreadD.hadspread例3.Atthistimetomorrow

overtheAtlantic.A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly确认时态、语态的四种方法二、根据介词、副词确定例1.IwonderwhyJenny

usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.h