必修2unit3语言点讲解与应用

仿写:(1)Ittookalongtime______thebigfirediedout.(2)____________________(要经过几年)beforeamagazinestartstomakemoney.beforeIttakesseveralyears(3)Theearliesttelephoneswerenotpopularand____________________(过了很长一段时间)peoplebegantohireorbuythem.ittookalongtimebefore2.Astimewentby,Iwasmadesmaller.随着时间的流逝,我被做得更小。(B2P18)句型:Astimewentby随着时间的流逝仿句:(1)Wearesurethateverythingwillbebetter_______________________(随着时间的推移).astimepasses/goesby(2)春去秋来,当年的小屁孩已经出落成仪表堂堂的大小伙子了。_________________________________,thelittle-notedkidhadgrownuptoadistinguishedlookingyoungman.Astimewentby/Withtimegoingby强化习题：1.Itwastwoyears________herealizedthetruth.2.Itwillbetwoyears________theeconomicsituationimproves.3.Itis/hasbeentwoyears________helivedhere.4.Itwasmidnight________hearrivedhome.5.Itwasatmidnight________hearrivedhome.6.Itwasnotuntilmidnight_______hearrivedhome.

beforebeforesincewhenthatthat(1)Itwasthepark________hefirstmethiswife.(2)Itwasinthispark________hefirstmethiswife.wherethatItbe+时间+when/that/since/before辨析1.whenitwas+

(时刻，或时间点）+whensth...当某事发生时，是几点钟或哪一年如：Itwas1997whenHongkongreturnedtoChina.

Itwas

fiveo'clock______wearrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.Itwasatfiveo'clock_____wearrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.判断方法如下：去掉it、be和that，余下的部分仍是一个完整的句子，这样的句子一定是强调句。Wearrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.whenthat2.since1)若表示“自从”，从句的时态应用一般过去时态，而主句应用现在完成时态。e.g.自从大学毕业后我们就未再见了。

2)若表示某某事发生多久了则用：Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since+从句。如：香港回归已经有17年了。It

is/hasbeen

twodayssinceshefellill.Itistwodayssinceshewasill.Itbe+时间+when/that/since/before用法辨析

Wehaven'tseeneachothersincewegraduatedfromcollege.Itis/hasbeen17yearssinceHongkongreturnedtoChina.***在本结构中，从句的谓语动词如为延续性动词(她生病两天了）（她病好了两天）asaresult结果(短语副词,不接任何词,前后常有标点)asaresultof由于……的结果(短语介词,接名词或代词)resultfrom(接原因)因……而resultin(接结果)导致Practice：由于大雨的原因，他们到晚了.___________theheavyrain,theyarrivedlate.Itwasraining,_________,theyarrivedlate.Theheavyrain_________theirlatearrival.Theirlatearrival___________theheavyrain.Asaresultofasaresultresultedinresultedfrom1）Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands＿＿＿behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied2）07安徽Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinnerandwithhiswork_____,hegladlyacceptedit.AfinishedBfinishingChavingfinishingDwasfinished3)_______twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.A.WithB.BesidesC.AsD.Becauseof4)Theygottherewithoutanydifficultywiththeboy_______theway.AleadingBledCtobeledDlead随着岁月的流逝，我被做得越来越小了。with和as表示“伴随”

as+clause(句子)；With的复合结构；表伴随条件原因方式doing主动进行done被动完成todo未做adj/adv/介词短语

2;

As

time

wentby,Iwasmadesmaller.with+n./pron.----Hecamein,withabook__________.----Heslept,withthelight_____.----Hewaslyingthere,withhiseyes____.在他手里开着睁着on

open

with+n./pron.+adj/adv/介词短语inhishand4.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!随着时间的推移,我的记忆能力发展得如此之快,就像一头大象一样,从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情。(B2P18)so....that....如此....以致于....例句：老师说的太快了，以至于我听不清楚他的话。TheteacherspeakssofastthatIcan'tcatchthewords.

［比较］so…that…与sothatSothat:（1）引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，主句和从句间常用逗号分开，一般不与情态动词连用。Nothingmorewasheardofhim，sothatpeoplethoughtthathewasdead.未再听到他的消息，以致人们认为他已死去了。（2）引导目的状语从句，意为“为了，以便”，通常从句中用may，might，can，could等情态动词。Weleftearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.我们很早出发，以便能赶上第一班汽车。注意：sothat引导目的状语从句时，可用inorderthat(以便，为了）替换，以上两句中的sothat均可换成inorderthat。(1)so…that引导结果状语从句，其结构是：so+adj.／adv.+that-clauseHewasso

angry

thathelefttheroomwithoutaword.so+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词+that-clauseSheisso

kindagirl

thatsheispopular.so+many／few+可数名词复数+that-clauseThereweresomanyfamousstars

thatIcouldn’tbelievemyeyes.so+much／little+不可数名词+that-clauseHewastedso

muchtime

thathelostthebestchance(2)such…that也可引导结果状语从句，其结构是：such-+a(n)+adj.+单数可数名词+that-clausesuch+(adj.)+不可数名词+that-clausesuch+(adj.)+可数名词复数+that-clauseSheissuchakindgirl

thatsheispopular.Itissuch

fineweather

thatweallcangoforapicnic.TherearesuchbeautifuldiamondsthatIdon’tknowwhichonetochoose.

(1)so…that引导结果状语从句，其结构是：so+adj.／adv.+that-clauseso+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词+that-clauseso+many／few+可数名词复数+that-clauseso+much／little+不可数名词+that-clause

(2)such…that也可引导结果状语从句,其结构是such-+a(n)+adj．+单数可数名词+that-clausesuch+(adj.)+不可数名词+that-clausesuch+(adj.)+可数名词复数+that-clauseso…that…“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；so…部分放在句首时，句子要倒装。Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.Soexcitedwashethathecouldnotspeak.1)Shetoldus_______storythatweallforgetthetime.SuchaninterestingB.suchinterestingaC.SoaninterestingD.asointeresting2)Hehas___fewfriendsthatheoftenfeels_____.such;lonelyB.sucha;aloneC.so;lonelyD.so;alone3)Soloudly_____thateveryoneoftheclasscouldhearhim.hespokeB.didhespokeC.SpokeheD.didhespeakACDso+形容词(副词)在句首时,句子用倒装结构1，Itis_______fineweatherthatweallwanttogoout.2，______greatprogressdidhemakethattheteacherpraisedhim.3,_________difficultdidIfeelittoliveinanEnglishspeakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.

suchsuchSo二、部分倒装

部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom(很少，不常）,rarely（很少，罕有）,hardly,scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）,nosooner（立即）,notonly,innoway（决不）,atnotime,few,not,no等,如:NotaworddidIsaytohim.

NeverhaveIfoundhimsohappy.

LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.

Ican'tswim.Neithercanhe.

Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.巩固练习:

1)Hardly____theairportwhentheplanetookoff.

A.Ihadarrivedat B.hadIarrivedC.hadIreached D.Ihadgotto

2)—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?

—No,_____anythinglikethatbefore.

A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen

3)Sheisnotfondofcooking,____I.

A.soamB.noramC.neitherD.nordo2.only+状语短语或状语从句放在句首,要部分倒装。如:

Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.(介词短语)

OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofmath.(副词)

Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(从句)4)Onlyinthisway____makeprogressinyourEnglish.A.you B.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouableto

5)Onlywhenthemeetingwasover___gobacktomeethisfriend.

A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe3.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:

Isawthefilm,sodidshe.

Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.6)ThedoctortoldCharlietobreathedeeplyand____.

A.sodidCharlie B.CharliedidsoC.Charliedoesso D.didCharlieso

7)Soloudly_____that____hearherclearly.

A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecould

C.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould4."Notonly+分句,butalso+分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如:NotonlydoesJohnloveChinese,heisalsogoodatspeakingit.但notonly...butalso...连接主语时,不倒装。如:

Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.8)___himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.

A.NotwasonlyheB.Notonlyhe

C.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas5.Notuntil放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。如:

Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike.(简单句)

Notuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoftime.(复合句)9)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___knowwhatheatis.

A.mandidB.manC.didn'tmanD.didman

10)NotuntilIbegantowork____realizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.

A.didn'tIB.didIC.Ididn'tD.I5.IwasabletosharemyknowledgewithothersthroughtheWorldWideWeb.我能通过万维网和其他人分享我的知识。(B2P18)sharevt.分享,分担;分配vi.分担;共享n.股份;份额运用:(1)Mary_____________________(共用一台电脑)hersister.sharesacomputerwith(2)Truefriendsoughtto_____________________________________(同甘共苦).(3)Everyonewhohadhelpedgot_____________________(一份利润).ashareintheprofits

sharejoysandtears/happinessandsorrow6.Inawayourprogrammerislikeourcoach.从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。(B2P23)inaway在某钟程度上例:Thechangesareanimprovementinaway.这些变化某种程度上是一种进步。Youarerightinaway.在某种程度上你是正确的。联想:(1)_____theway障碍(2)_____theway在途中(3)_____theway顺便说（问）in

onby

(4)______thisway通过这种办法(5)______noway决不(6)______wayof经由ininby7.Afterall,withthehelpofmyelectronicbrainwhichneverforgetsanything,usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout.不管怎样,在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下,运用:智能就是我的一切。(B2P23)运用:(1)__________(归根结底),acomputerhastoworkwiththehelpofahuman.(2)Thetestisratherdifficult,___________________(我毕竟还是及格了).IpasseditafterallAfterall(3)Ifoundhishouse___________________________(在一位警察的帮助下).(4)___________________________(在朋友们的帮助下),hefinallysolvedtheproblem.Withthehelpofhisfriendswiththehelpofapoliceman8.Thismeansthatitshouldcleanthehouse,mopthefloors,cookthedinneranddealwithtelephonecalls.这就意味着它要扫地,拖地,做饭以及处理电话事宜。(B2P24)dealwith处理;涉及;做生意;打交道Dealwith表示如何“处置”,常与what连用,what是do的宾语Dowith表示如何应付或安排什么,常用how,how是状语。运用:(1)______doyouproposetodowiththeletter?(2)Haveyouanysuggestionson____todealwiththesedifficulties?Whathow指出dealwith在下列各句中的意思。Hehastodealwiththeproblemcarefully.(_______)(2)Youshould

dealwith

yourworkmorecarefully.(_______)处理对待(3)ThisreportdealswiththepresentsituationintheMiddleEast.(________)涉及句型积累我花了三年才学会滑冰,随着时间的推移,我的年纪也大了。经过曾和我一起滑冰的李兴劝说之后,我决定不再去从事这项运动了。

Ittookmethreeyearsbefore

Ilearnedhowtoskate.Astimegoeson,Iamgettingolder.After

IwaspersuadedbyLiXing,whooncewentskatingwithme,Idecidednottogoinforthesportanymore.课文回顾一、课文填空按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

MyfirstfootballcompetitionwasinNagoya,Japanseveralyearsago.LastyearourteamwenttoSeattle,WashingtonintheUSA.Wewonthesecondplace.Personally,Ithinktheteamthatwonthefirstplace_______(cheat).宾语从句缺谓语,而且是过去时,故填cheated。cheatedTheyhaddevelopedanewtypeofprogramjustbeforethe__________(compete).Soweneedtoencourageourprogrammertoimproveourintelligencetoo.2.填名词,与before构成介词短语。competitionSoweneedtoencourageourprogrammertoimproveourintelligencetoo.Wearedeterminedtocreateanevenbettersystem.In___wayourprogrammerislikeourcoach.构成习语inaway“在某种程度上”。aSheprogramsus_______allthepossiblemovesshehasseenwhilewatchinghumangames.Then_____preparesreliablemovestouseifanewsituationarises.4.由前面的动词可知填with(用)。5.指代前面的ourprogrammer。with

she

InthiswayIcanmakeupnewmoves_______(use)my“artificialintelligence”.Iwouldreallyliketoplay_________ahumanteam,for___havebeenprogrammedtoactjustlikethem.6.分词作伴随状语。7.这里是“与……比赛”的意思。8.指本文的主人翁—电脑。usingagainstIAfterall,withthehelpofmyelectronicbrain9______neverforgetsanything,usingmyintelligenceis10________I’mallabout!9.关系代词指代前面的myelectronicbrain。10.引导后面的表语从句,指代从句的内容。whichwhat二、课文概括以约30个左右的词概括课文内容要点。Thecomputerintroducedthedevelopingprocessofitself.FirstacalculatingmachinewasinventedinFrancein1642,thenitkeptchanginguntilitnowdevelopsintoalaptopusedinallfields.语法活用形容词和副词熟读深思1.朗读下列句子,看看形容词可作哪些成分。⑴Thisisaninterestingbook.这是一本有趣书。(定语)⑵Thisbookisinteresting.这本书很有趣。()表语⑶Ifindthebookinteresting.我觉得这本书有趣。()⑷Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告诉你。()宾补后置定语2.副词在句中作状语,看看可修饰哪些词。⑴It’srainingheavily.雨下得很大。(修饰动词)⑵You’requiteright.你非常正确。()修饰形容词⑶Don’tspeaktoofast.不要说得太快。()⑷Yourcoatisjustbehindthedoor.你的上衣正好在门后面。()⑸Luckily,hewassaved.幸运的是，他得救了。()修饰另一副词修饰介词短语修饰句子归纳总结1.形容词是作定语、表语、补语的典型词类。因此，在做语法填空时,若句子缺定语、表语或补语,要首先想到用形容词。2.副词在句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子。3.形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型：(1)表示相等：as+原级+as(2)表示不如：notas/so+原级+as(3)表示超过：比较级+than(4)表示“最”：the+最高级+of/in短语(表示范围)⑸表示“越……越……”:the+比较级，the+比较级⑹表示“越来越”:比较级+and+比较级⑺表示“与其……不如……”:more...than...特别提醒:在语法填空中,主要考查形容词与副词之间的转换、比较级等,以及-ing形容词和-ed形容词的用法区别等。灵活运用1.Histeachertookadeepdrink，smiled_______(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.1.修饰动词smiled，作状语，用副词。warmly2.Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe________(sweet).”2.意思是“没有什么比这更甜”即“这是世界上最甜的东西”。sweeter3.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”______(high).3.指比他pluckupafewinches之前“长”得“更高”了,是省略了thanbefore的隐性比较级。4.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.4.在名词course前作定语,用形容词。naturalhigher5....wedranktogetherandtalked_____(merry)tillfarintothenight.5.修饰动词talked作状语,用副词形式。6....oneofthe______(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.(广州市水平测试)6.由Ievermade可知,用bad的最高级。merrilyworst7.Gamesareoften________(excite)anddramatic,buttheygenerallyaren’tveryintellectual.(佛山二模)7.指事物(比赛)“令人兴奋的”。8.Seatedinacomfortablechair，listeningtothepeacefulmusic,you’llbebroughtintoa_______(relax)stateofmind.8.作定语要用形容词,表示人感到轻松的,用-ed形式的形容词,意为“放松的心情”。relaxedexciting9.Howmuchisadishofplainicecream?”heasked.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_________(patience).“Thirtyfivecents”shesaid______(rude).9.前空是在系动词grew后作表语,用形容词;后空修饰动词said,用副词。impatientrudely10.Thiswas_______(large)becausepetownerstendedtobethemiddleage,whohavelesseducationandmorehealth-riskfactors.10.修饰because引导的原因状语从句,用副词。largely11.Someoftheseuniversitieshavefortythousandor______(many)students.11.指比四万“更多”的学生。12.Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwas_____smallerthanexpected.12.修饰形容词比较级,表示少“得多”。moremuch语法填空[2011梅州三校联考]

Nowadays,itiscommonthatparentsbuy16___educationalpresentfortheirchildren.AlotofpersonalcomputersareplacedundertheChristmastreethisyear.

16.educational以元音开头。aneducationalpresentan17________(believe)thatcomputersarethekeytosuccess,parentsarealsoinsistingthatchildren18________(teach)tousetheminschoolasearlyaspossible.17.parents与believe是主动关系。父母相信电脑是成功的关所以坚持……。18.insist表坚持主张时,宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。insistthatsb.(should)do。Believing

betaughtTheproblemforschoolis19_____whenitcomestocomputers,parentsdon‘talwaysknowbest.Teachersfoundthemselvescaughtinthemiddleoftheproblembetweenparent20_______(press)andwiseeducationaldecisions.19.that引导一个表语从句。20.根据下文andwiseeducationaldecisions,可知and连接的两个都是名词。thatpressureManyschoolsaregivingintoparentalimpatienceandarepurchasinghardware21______goodeducationalplanning.Educatorsdonotevenagreeonhowcomputersshouldbeused.Eventhose22____believethatallchildrenshouldhaveaccesstocomputerswarnofpotentialdangerstotheveryyoung.21.根据前文Manyschoolsaregivingin....可知是没有好的教育计划就购买了电脑硬件。22.先行词是those。withoutwhoThetemptationremainsstronglargely23_______youngchildrenadaptsowelltocomputers.However,noteveryschoolcanaffordtogointocomputing,andthatcreates24________problem:adivisionbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots.23.前后两句为因果关系。24.前文已经出现过problem,在此,表示出现另外的问题。becauseanotherVeryfewparentsareagitatingfor(倡导)computerinstructioninpoorschooldistricts,25______theremaybebarelyenoughmoneytopaytheteacher.25.where在此引导一个定语从句,先行词是前文的poorschooldistricts。那些贫穷的地方没有足够的钱付给老师做报酬。where

三、语篇运用在班会课上,班主任让我们介绍一位在平时的学习和生活中能够成为你学习榜样的人物。假如李明是你从小到大的朋友，而你对他刻苦、勤奋和懂事很钦佩,因此,决定向全班同学介绍李明的情况。内容包含以下要点：姓名李明年龄15岁基本情况1.在他5岁时，他的父母亲在一次车祸中去世,除了一个姐姐外,没有其他的亲人了,因此他从小就比其他小孩更懂事；2.在班上,没人比他更勤奋,成绩也是班上最好的；3.每天他都是最早到学校、最晚一个离开的；4.他总是认为“不会读书写字的人和瞎子没什么两样”。[写作要求]1.只能用5个句子表达全部内容；2.尽可能多使用形容词和副词的比较等级。LiMing,aboyof15,ismygoodfriend.Attheageof5,hisparentsdiedinatrafficaccident,andhehasnorelativesotherthanhiseldersister,whichmakeshimmoresensiblethanotherchildren.Onstudy,nobodycanbemorediligentthanhiminhisclassandheisalwaysthebeststudentintheeyesofhisteachers.Everydayheisthefirsttogettotheschoolandthelasttoleave.Healwaysbelievesthatonewhocannotreadandwriteisnobetterthanablindman.走近高考

[2010江苏]Anotherperson’senthusiasmwaswhatsetmemovingtowardsthesuccessIhaveachieved.Thatpersonwasmystepmother.IwasninewhensheenteredourhomeinruralVirginia.Myfather1metoherwiththesewords:1.A.rushedB.sentC.explainedD.introduced1.D爸爸把我介绍给了她。一、完形填空“Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois2forbeingtheworstboyinthiscountyandwillprobablystartthrowingrocksatyounolaterthantomorrowmorning.”Mystepmotherwalkedovertome,3myheadslightlyupward,andlookedmerightintheeyes.2.A.distinguished B.favoredC.mistaken D.rewarded2.A因为是最坏的孩子而著名。3.A.draggedB.shookC.raisedD.bent3.C表示微微地抬了一下我的头。Thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,“Youare4.Thisisnottheworstboyatall,butthesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutletforhisenthusiasm.”Thatstatementbegana(n)5betweenus.Noonehadevercalledmesmartandmystepmotherchangedallthat.Shechangedmanythings.4.A.perfectB.rightC.wrongD.impolite4.C你错了。5.A.agreement B.friendshipC.gap D.relationship5.B这句话开始了我们之间的友谊,用友谊说明关系的亲密。She6myfathertogotoadentalschool,fromwhichhegraduatedwithhonors.Shemovedourfamilyintothecountyseat,wheremyfather’scareercouldbemore7andmybrotherandIcouldbebetter8.6.A.beggedB.persuadedC.orderedD.invited6.B继母把我父亲说服了去上一个牙科学校。7.A.successfulB.meaningfulC.helpfulD.useful7.A在那儿我父亲的事业将更加成功。8.A.treated B.entertainedC.educated D.respected8.C而在那，我们弟兄们可以得到更好的教育。WhenIturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand9andtoldmethatshebelievedIcouldbecomeawriter.Iknewherenthusiasm,IappreciateditandIsawhowithadalreadyimprovedourlives.Iacceptedher10andbegantowriteforlocalnewspapers.9.A.cameraB.radioC.bicycleD.typewriter9.D给我买了二手的打字机，让我开始写作。10.A.beliefB.requestC.criticismD.description10.A我接受了她的信念。Iwasdoingthesamekindof11thatgreatdayIwenttointerviewAndrewCarnegieandreceivedthetaskwhichbecamemylife’sworklater.Iwasn’ttheonlybeneficiary.Myfatherbecamethe12manintown.11.A.teaching B.writingC.studying D.reading11.B我从事的写作,因此用writing。12.A.cleverest B.wealthiestC.strongest D.healthiest12.B我爸爸成了我们镇上最富裕的人。Mybrotherandstepbrothersbecameaphysician,adentist,alawyer,andacollegepresident.Whatpower13has!13.A.enthusiasm B.sympathyC.fortune D.confidence13.A热情有着多强大的力量呀。Whenthatpowerisreleasedtosupportthecertaintyofone’spurposeandis14strengthenedbyfaith,itbecomesanirresistibleforcewhichpovertyandtemporarydefeatcannever15.14.A.deliberately B.happilyC.traditionally D.constantly14.D不断得到增强。15.A.winB.matchC.reachD.doubt15.B这种力量是贫穷和暂时的挫折所不能相比的。Youcancommunicatethatpowertoanyonewhoneedsit.Thisisprobablythegreatestworkyoucandowithyourenthusiasm.技巧点拨推断写作目的要求考生推断作者写这篇文章的目的。题干中常有purpose,或后面需接表示目的的动词不定式的intendto,meantto,(inorder)to等。考生可根据文章的主旨和体裁来推断作者的写作目的。因此,文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句是阅读的重点,作者的写作意图往往就隐含在其中。二、阅读理解作者写文章的目的通常有三种：(1)toentertainreaders(使读者愉悦、发笑)：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。(2)topersuadereaders(说服读者接受某种观点)：常见于广告或议论文。广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等。议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。(3)toinformreaders(告知读者某些信息)：多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章,以及劝告性或建议性的文章。弄清其写作目的,需要找准主题句,把握文章主旨。真题演练(A)[2010陕西]WhenIfirstgotane-mailaccounttenyearsago,Ireceivedcommunicationsonlyfromfamily,friends,andcolleagues.NowitseemsthateverytimeIcheckmye-mail,Ihaveanendlessseriesofadvertisementsandothercorrespondencethatdonotinterestmeatall.Ifwewante-mailtocontinuetobeuseful,weneedspecificlawsthatmakespamming(发垃圾邮件)acrime.Iflawmakersdonotdosomethingsoontoprohibitspam,theproblemwillcertainlygetmuchworse.Computerprogramsallowspammerstosendhundredsofmillionsofe-mailsalmostinstantly.Asmoreandmoreadvertisersturntospamtoselltheirproducts，individuale-mailboxesareoftenfloodedwithspame-mails.Wouldpeoplecontinuetousee-mailiftheyhadtodealwithanannoyingamountofspameachtime?Thisproblemistroublingforindividualsandcompaniesaswell.Manyspame-mailscontaincomputervirusesthatcanshutdowntheentirenetworkofacompany.Companiesrelyone-mailfortheiremployeestocommunicatewitheachother.Spamfrequentlycausesfailuresintheirlocalcommunicationsnetworks,andtheiremployeesarethusunabletocommunicateeffectively.Suchasituationresultsinalossofproductivityandrequirescompaniestorepeatedlyrepairtheirnetworks.Thesecomputerproblemsraiseproductioncostsofcompanies,whichare,intheend,passedontotheconsumer.Forthesereasons,Ibelievethatlawmakersneedtolegislate(立法)againstspam.Spammersshouldbefined,andperhapssenttoprisoniftheycontinuetodisturbpeople.E-mailisatoolwhichhelpspeopleallovertheworldtocommunicateconveniently,butspamisdestroyingthisconvenience.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correspondence”intheParagraph1probablymean?A.Messages. B.Ideas.C.Connections. D.Programs.1.A词义猜测题。根据本文中的e-mail一词以及endlessseriesofadvertisements可以推断出correspondence是“信件”的意思。2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemajorcauseofthefloodingspam?A.Companiesrelyone-mailforcommunications.B.Morepeopleintheworldcommunicatebye-mail.C.Manycomputervirusescontainspame-mail.D.Moreadvertisersbegintopromotesalesthroughspam.2.D推理判断题。由第二段中的Asmoreandmore…withspame-mails.可推出本题选D。3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whoisthefinalvictimofspam?A.Thebusiness. B.Theadvertiser.C.Theemployee. D.Theconsumer.3.D细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知本题选D。4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Spamistroublingforindividualsandcompanies.B.Whoeverspamsshouldbesenttoprison.C.Spamresultsinalossofproductivity.D.Computerproblemsincreaseproductioncostsofcompanies.4.B细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知B言之过分。5.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinform. B.Toeducate.C.Topersuade. D.Toinstruct.5.C推理判断题。通读全文可知本文作者摆出了垃圾邮件的危害,其目的是说服立法人员尽快出台法律阻止垃圾邮件的蔓延,故本题选C。(B)[2010安徽]TheengineerCamilloOlivettiwas40yearsoldwhenhestartedthecompanyin1908.AthisfactoryinIvrea,hedesignedandproducedthefirstItaliantypewriter.Todaythecompany’sheadofficeisstillinIvrea,nearTurin,butthecompanyismuchlargerthanitwasinthosedaysandthereareofficesallaroundtheworld.By1930therewasastaffof700andthecompanyturnedout13,000machinesayear.SomewenttocustomersinItaly,butOlivettiexportedmoretypewriterstoothercountries.Camillo’sson,Adriano,startedworkingforthecompanyin1924andlaterhebecametheboss.Heintroducedastandardspeedfortheproductionlineandheemployedtechnologyanddesignspecialists.Thecompanydevelopednewandbettertypewritersandthencalculators.In1959itproducedtheELEAcomputersystem.Thiswasthefirstmainframe(主机)computerdesignedandmadeinItaly.AfterAdrianodiedin1960,thecompanyhadaperiodoffinancialproblems.Othercompanies,especiallytheJapanese,madefasterprogressinelectronictechnologythantheItaliancompany.In1978,CarlodeBenedettibecamethenewboss.Olivettiincreaseditsmarketingandservicenetworksandmadeagreementswithothercompaniestodesignandproducemoreadvancedofficeequipment.Soonitbecameoneoftheworld’sleadingcompaniesininformationtechnologyandcommunications.TherearenowfiveindependentcompaniesintheOlivettigroup-oneforpersonalcomputers,oneforotherofficeequipment,oneforsystemsandservices,andtwofortelecommunications.6.From