必修一unit4词汇句型复习及定语从句讲解

Ⅰ.写出下列必考单词1.轨道，足迹，痕迹n._____________2.蒸气v._____________3.灾难，灾祸n._____________4.援救，营救n.＆v._____________5.废墟，（使)破坏，毁灭n.,vt.&vi._____________6.地震n._____________7.管,导管n._____________8.要点,大纲,轮廓n._____________9.报刊的大字标题n._____________10.掩蔽,掩蔽处,避身处n._____________11.（使)震惊,震动,休克；打击,震惊n.＆v._____________12.运河，水道n._____________canaltracksteamdisasterrescueruinearthquakepipeoutlineheadlinesheltershockⅡ.写出下列单词的变化形式1.破坏，毁坏，消灭v.__________破坏，毁坏n.__________破坏性的,毁灭性的adj.__________2.荣誉，尊敬n.＆v.__________可敬的,值得钦佩的adj.__________3.损害，伤害v.__________损害，伤害n._________受伤的adj.__________.4.有……气味v.________气味,味道n.__________发臭的，有臭味的adj.__________5.祝贺,恭贺v.____________恭贺,恭喜n.______________6.损失,损害n.__________赔偿金n.__________受损的adj.__________7.利用,用途n.&v._______用法n.__________有用的adj.__________无用的，无效的adj._________uselessdestroydestructiondestructivehonourhonourableinjureinjuryinjuredsmellsmellsmellycongratulatecongratulation（s)damagedamagesdamageduseusageuseful二﹑词组互译将下列词组或短语翻译成中文或英语。1.________________立刻，马上2.________________突然3._________________仿佛，好像4._________________结束，终结5._________________成为废墟，破败不堪6._________________挖掘，发现7.___________________大量的8.______________________对……不重视9.______________________成千上万的10.____________________三分之二rightawayburstinto/outasifatanendinruinsdigouta(great)numberthinklittleoftensofthousandsoftwo-thirdsof11.betoonervoustoeat_______________12.rescue…from…___________________13.tothenorthofthecity______________14.jumpoutof____________________15.describetosb______________16.everywheretheylook____________17.uselesspiecesofsteel____________18.falldown___________________19.rescueworkers_______________20.congratulationsonsb_________________向某人祝贺太紧张而不吃东西从中拯救出来城市以北从……跳出来向某人描述目光所及之处废铁倒塌，倒下救援人员消失了,不见了_________________Ⅴ.重点句型1.Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend!（P26)世界似乎到了末日!Itseems（tosb)that...（在某人看来）好像,似乎，仿佛觉得◆活学活用模仿造句。（1)好像没有人知道发生的一切。____________________________________（2)我好像以前见过他。____________________________________Itseemedthatnobodyknewwhathadhappened.ItseemsthatIhaveseenhimbefore.2．Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。too...to...句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否定)”，可转化为not...enoughto...和so...that...。Thechildistooyoungtodresshimself.Thechildisnotoldenoughtodresshimself.Thechildissoyoungthathecan'tdresshimself.这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。提示：(1)当too后接easy,ready,happy,willing,eager或anxious时，to后的动词表示肯定。例如：Thebookistooeasytounderstand.这本书太容易理解了。Hewastooanxioustoleave.他急于离开。(2)too...notto...句式表示肯定意思。例如：Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedit.他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。(3)too...to...中too前面用了否定词(如never)时，表示肯定。例如：Itisnevertoolatetomend.改过不嫌晚。(4)onlytoo...to...表示肯定，其中too后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如glad,pleased,willing,thankful,delighted,determined等，也有描绘性的形容词，如good,kind,true等。例如：Thegirlisonlytookindtohelpus.这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。[即境活用2]Jimisakindboy.Heis______willingtohelphisclassmates.A．so B．suchC．much D．too解析：too＋glad/pleased/willing...to...表示肯定意义。如用A项应改为so...asto才对。答案：D3．Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。此句为部分否定。all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,complete,completely,always,allthetime,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。拓展：全部否定用：noone,none,neither,nobody,nothing，以及not...any/either来表示。①Noneofthemareright.他们都不对。②Neitherofuswillgo.我们俩都不去。③Nobodycanwinme.没人能赢我。[即境活用3](1)—Theexamwasn'tdifficultatall,wasit?—No,butIdon'tbelieve______couldpassit.A．somebody B．anybodyC．everybody D．nobody解析：not与everybody连用表示部分否定。答案：C(2)(2008·全国Ⅰ)—Whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer?—ActuallyIdidn'tlike______.A．bothofthem B．eitherofthemC．noneofthem D．neitherofthem解析：not...either＝neither表示全部否定。答案：B◆即学即练根据括号中的提示完成下列句子。（1)Alltheminers__________（没有把……当回事)theexplosionlastmonth.（2)Theheadmaster__________（高度评价)yourreport.答案：（1)thoughtlittleof（2)thoughthighlyof◆即学即练根据括号中的提示完成下列句子。（1)Themeeting__________（结束了)atlast.（2)Thegovernmentisdetermined__________.（遏止恐怖主义活动)（3)Thewar__________.（终于结束了)（4)Aftermanyyearsofhardwork,theysucceeded________.（终于)答案:（1)cametoanend（2)toputanendtoterrorism（3)wasfinallyatanend（4)intheend[即学即练1](1)Sheburstout______forawhile,andburstinto______foranothermoment,whichmadeusataloss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。(2)Weallthoughthisheartwouldburst_________________________.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。(3)Thepolice____________andarrestedthegang.警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。

cryinglaughterwithhappinessburstin[即学即练5](1)Hewassittingwithhishead______inabook.他坐着埋头看书。(2)Hewalkedslowly,hishands______inhispockets.他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。(3)Afterthedivorce,she__________________herwork.离婚后，她埋头于工作。buriedburiedburiedherselfin提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：bedevotedto,beaddictedto,beabsorbedin等。[即学即练6](1)Don't______abook______itscover.勿以貌取人。(2)______________hisaccent,hemustbeasoutherner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。(3)He________________________thebestactorofthisyear.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。judgebyJudgingfrom/byWasjudgedtobeTheAttributiveClause定语从句(一)Findouttheattributiveclausesfromthetext“theEarthDidn’tSleep”.1.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake_________________

__________shookTangshan.

2.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose_______________________.whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstonewhoweretrappedandtoburythedeadSomesentenceswithatrributiveclauseinthetextButthepeopleinthecity,_____________________________wenttosleepasusualthatnight.ItwasheardinBeijing,_____________________________________

who

thoughtlittleoftheseevents,whichismorethan200kilometersaway.Ahugecrack_________________________________________________cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeople______________________reachedmorethan400,000.thatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidewhowerekilledorinjured句子成分主语谓语宾语表语宾补定语状语同位语

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语Attribute(定语)1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.Sheisabeautifulgirl.修饰；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定语。beautifulyour

Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.Sheisagirlwithlonghair.3.Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.通常情况下，单个词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。定语从句的位置定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后。e.g.Thisis

thecar

whichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句关系代词(antecedent)(relativepronoun)(theattributiveclause)在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做

定语从句（句意：“……的”）被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词关系代词关系词关系副词:where﹑when﹑why定语从句关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词的三个作用:确定关系代词的步骤1.先找先行词，2.看先行词指的是人还是物。3.看关系词在从句中充当的成分。关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的成分who√主语宾语(可省略)whom√宾语(可省略)which√主语宾语(可省略)that√√主语宾语(可省略)whose√√定语Thebuildingwhichstandsbytheriverisourschool.主句:定语从句:先行词:关系词:关系词指代:关系词在定语从句中的成分Thebuildingisourschool.whichstandsbytheriverbuildingwhichbuilding主语关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在定语从句中做主语。例:1)Theboyswhoareplayingfootballaremyfriends.2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.关系代词引导的定语从句2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略

如介词提前则不能省。例:1)Heistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.2)Heisthepersonaboutwhomyoutalked.(注意：关系代词whom在口语中常用who代替，可省略。)但在介词后面只能用whom不可用who例:

Theman(who/whom)

youspoketoismyfriend.Themantowhomyouspokeismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，

做宾语时可省略。如介词提前则不能省略。例:1.Thisisabookwhichislikedbymostboys.2.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.3.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。例:1.Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisit

thecityeachyearrisesonemillion.2.Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawyesterday?Ilostthebook(that/which)

Iboughtyesterday.Doyouknowthenameofthebookthat/which

ispopularwithstudentnow.5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。例:Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.例:Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenisthere.=TheclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenisthereDoyouknowtheboywhosenameisTom?=DoyouknowtheboythenameofwhomisTom?(注意：whose可用the+名词+ofwhom/which来代替。)1.The

nurse

iskind.

2.The

nurse

looksaftermysister.

Thenurse

who/thatlooksaftermysister

iskind.照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。合并下列句子

照顾我妹妹的1.ThegirlisfromAmerica.2.Icalledherjustnow.

Thegirl(whom/that/who)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。我刚才叫的1.Heisreadingabook.2.ItsnameisGonewiththeWind.

HeisreadingabookwhosenameisGonewiththeWind

.他正在看一本名叫《飘》的书。名叫《飘》的1.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.2.Ihaveseenthefilm.

They’retalkingaboutthefilm

(which/that)I’veseen.他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。我看过的把下面两个简单句合成一个含定语从句的复合句1.Themanhasbeencaught.Hestolethebike.2.Amachineisplane.Themachinecanfly.3.Tomisaboy.Hebroketheglassyesterday.Themanwhostolethebikehasbeencaught.

Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.Tomisaboywhobroketheglassyesterday.4.Iwantedtoseethegirl.Shehadleftalready.5.Workersbuiltsheltersforthesurvivors.Theirhomeshadbeendestroyedintheearthquake.6.ItwasfeltinBeijing.Beijingwas200kmaway.Iwantedtoseethegirlwhohadleftalready.Workersbuiltsheltersforthesurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyedintheearthquake.ItwasfeltinBeijingwhichwas200kmaway.例1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)

例5Thebook______coverisredismine.

A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“……的”whose+n.=then.ofwhich/whomIamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。2.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,few,little,much等修饰时。NOTE

一、

that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatChoosethebestanswers:3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.thatThisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。5.当先行词是who,which,或主句是以这些词开头时。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?2.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it1.Whichisthebook

youboughtlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.whoD.which

注：先行词有两个，既有人也有物时，也只能用that。

Weweretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings

thatwesawinourschool.用which，不用that1.在非限制定语从句中。2.在介词之后（物用which，人用whom).3.有两个定语从句，其中一个从句关系代词已用了that，另一个宜用which.ThisisthepaperthatIreadeverydayandwhichIfindsointeresting.4.当先行词本身是that.Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.當先行詞是those,she,he,they等代詞時,關係代詞用who.He

whoknowsothersislearned,andhewhoknowshimselfiswise.

知人者智，自知者明。Nothingintheworldisdifficult

foronewhosetshismindtoit.世上无难事，只怕有心人。

1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthevery

thing_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat1.在定语从句中加了多余的宾语或主语。SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary.Thisisthemanthathewascaughtstealingyesterday.2.把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished.Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome.3.误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth.4.在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether.定语从句常见错误归纳1

breakshavethat/which1)

Theman______________Isawtoldmetowait.

1.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,

whichand

that.whom/who/that2)Lookattheboyandhisdog_____arecomingthisway.thatExercises3)Tomisthefirstboy_____lefttheroom.thatthat4)Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.whose5)Youcanreadanybook_____Ihave.ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.that

2)TheradiowhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong.去掉it3)ItwasameetingthatimportanceIdidn'trealizeatthattimewhoseCorrectthesentences:4)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhosewasveryreasonable.

which5.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.that

All_____weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom2.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whatExercises:3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_____youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.inwhereC./D.when4.Idon’tliketheway____youspeaktoher.A.thatB.inthatC.whoD.whose5.Themostimportantthing____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons____noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that7.Whoistheperson________istalkingabouttheaccident______happenedonHighway104?A.which;whi