02 浙江卷 阅读B篇24题阅读理解说明文-备战2021年高考英语

题号押题2浙江卷篇第24—26题：阅理解说明〖真题顾Passage12018.11浙江卷阅读理篇第24-26题ThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetoffforgrandparentshomes,sleep-awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasnalwaysbeenbirthofschoolchildren.BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeof日),neitherofwhichincludedasummervacation.农)schoolingdividedintosummerwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkintheplantingfallharvestseasons.Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyasasweeksofstudyayear,withonebreakquarter.Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoracetocombinethetwocalendarsoutofconcernthatruralschoolingnotandthatoverusingofyoungmindscouldleadtonervousdisorders.appearedastheobvioustimefora：offeredarestforteachers,fitinthefarmingcalendarreduceddoctorsconcernthatpackingstudentsintohotclassroomswouldpromotethespreadofdisease.ButpeopleopinionabouttheU.S.schoolyear,whichaverages180days,isdivided.expertspleasantlazysummerbreak,tookholdtheearly20thcentury,oneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.schoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublished2007.Othersinsistthatchildrenunderincreasingpressuretodevotetheirdowntimeto实)orstudy,thereroomforaninstitutionthatprotectsthelazydayschildhood.24.theruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentodo?A.asummervacation.B.abreakeachquarter.C.Have48weeksofstudyayear.D.Assisttheirparentswithfarmwork.25.theeducationalreformersdoin1840s?A.introducedsummervacation.B.shortenedruralschoolterms.C.promotedthestudyoffarming.D.advocatedhigherforteachers.26.WhyarepeopleunhappyaboutmodernU.S.schoolyear?A.pushestheteacherstoohard.B.reducesthequalityofeducation.

C.Itignoresscienceinstruction.D.includesnoforinternships.【答案】25.26.【解析】本文是说明文，根据内容可以纳入创新与变化话题。介绍了美国学校假期的设置，变化，暑假设立过程及优缺点。【题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Rural(农的schoolingdividedintosummerandwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetowiththefarmworkintheplantingandfallharvestseasons.可，内战前的农村校历包括夏季学期和冬季学期，让孩子们在春天播种和秋天收获时过假期帮助父母干农活。故选D。【题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段the1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceManntocombinethetwocalendarsofconcern…Summerappearedastheobvioustimefora知，1840年的教育改革提出了暑假休息的说法及各方面的原因，故选A。【题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Someexpertssaypleasantbutbreak,tookholdintheearlycentury,ofreasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin可知，针对现在的美国学年，根据2007年表的两国际教育报告，美国高中学生的数学能力和毕业率远低于平均水平的现状，一些专家认为慵懒的假降低了教育质量。故选B【点睛】细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文介绍了美国学校假期的设置，变化，暑假设立过程及优缺点。2.按章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如example,预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1考查内战前农村校历设立的目的。据第一段Rural(农的schoolingwasdividedintosummerwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpthefarmworkinspringplantingandfallharvest知，内战前的农村校历包括夏季学期和冬季学期，让孩子们在春天播种和秋天收获时过假期帮助父母干农活。小题2考查教育改革的内容，根据第二段Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoracetocombinethetwocalendarsoutofconcern…Summerappearedastheobvioustimefora可知1840年的教育改革提出了暑假休息的说法及各方面的原因，也就是引进了暑假。

Passage22020.1浙江卷阅读理解篇题Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytowinterroadsice-free—spreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidtomakesoftcheeses,likemozzarella.Wisconsin,called“America’sDairyland,”famousforitscheese.Theproduced2.8billionpoundsofcheeselastyear!Asaresult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine.Disposingof(置)thebrinecanbeexpensive.Soshouldcheesedowiththewaste?Normally,townsuserocksalttode-icestreets.saltlowerswaterfreezingpoint,causingicetomelt融化.Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducerscitiessavemoney,whilekeepingroadssafe.Cheesebrinesaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerfreezingpoint.Inadditionsavingcheesebrinecouldalsoeco-friendlyoption.Manypeoplesuspectthatalltherockusedeverywinteristheenvironment.Rockismadeofsodiumchloride,(化合物inordinarytableSoundsharmless,right?Butwhileyouprobablyonlysmallamountofsalttoyourfood,roadcrewsspreadabout20millionofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!Thechemicaloffroadsandgoesintoground.Thereitpollutedrinkingwater,plants,andeatawayByspreadingcheeseonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrockMilwaukeemaybetocutitsrocksaltusebypercent.Cheesebrineadownsidetoo—asmellsimilarthatofbadmilk.don’treallymindit,EmiltoldFarmermagazine.worksforofWisconsin’scountyhighwaycommissionsuptheideaofusingcheesebrine.“OurroadslikeWisconsin!”hesaid.24.Whycancheesebrinehelpkeepwinterroadsice-free?A.issoft.C.Itis

B.Itcontainssalt.D.hasmilkit.25.benefitofusingcheeseonroads?A.Improvingairquality.B.Increasingsalesofrocksalt.C.waterpollution.D.Savingcheeseindustry.26.Milwaukeewayde-icestreetsbeexampleof______.A.barkingthewrongtreeB.puttingcartbeforetheC.robbingPeterPaulD.killingbirdsstone

【答案】25.26.D【解析】本文是说明文，根据内容可以纳入创新与变化话题。文章介绍了美国威斯康星州道路除冰的新——用剩余的奶酪盐水为道路除冰。【题详解】事实细节题，答。据第三段Normally,townsuserocktode-icestreets...Cheesebrinesaltin可知，奶酪盐水含有盐，可以化冰。【题详解】推理判断题案C。根据四段cheesebrinecouldamoreeco-friendly及六段pollutedrinkingwater可，用岩盐化冰看似无污染，实际却污染饮用水，而奶酪盐水更环保，可减水污染。【题详解】推理判断题，答案D。根第二段Asaresult,therealotofleftovercheesebrine及第四段Inadditiontosavingcheesebrinealsoamoreeco-friendlyoption.可知威斯康星州有很多剩余的奶酪盐水，Norby想了用这些剩余的奶酪盐水来给道路除冰的主意，既决了剩余的奶酪盐水问题，节约开支，同时也环保，可谓一举两得。Passage32020.7浙江卷

阅读理解B篇24-26题ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashlengthofgreentwiceinrow,especiallyrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbeseconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionalmightpushseconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.likethetrafficitself,theofthesignalschanges.Thatdesign.Bellevue,fast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,asystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十路)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtotrafficconditions.lights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsworkandhome.“Adaptivesignalsmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatistherebeingaddressed,”saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.ForallofBellevue’ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotcure-allforroadways.KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomeothersarejammedthatonlyasharpreductioninnumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.“It’snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforcities,”he

InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessonthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidenthesaysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportationDepartmenttrafficengineeringmanager.hopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetssmarterinsteadofmakingthembigger.25.doesunderlined“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.C.Flexibleoftrafficsignals.26.doesBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?A.workbetteronbroadroads.B.shouldusedinotherC.greatlyreducedtrafficonroad.D.arehelpfulcitiesseriously27.welearnfromBellevuesuccess?A.isrewardingtotrynewC.Itotheoryintopractice.

B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.D.SmoothtrafficflowtheB.methodsworktoday.D.simplestwaythe【答案】26.D27.【解析】这是一篇说明，根据内容可以纳入创新与变化话题。美国华盛顿州Bellevue采了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓道路，而是能够采用新方法。【题详解】指代猜测题，答案C。That位第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一句Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化”可知，一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化“Thatisbydesign.”意为那是有意为之”，由此可推知，That指第一段“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。【题详解】推理判断题，答案D。据第四段第一句“adaptivesignalsarenotcure-allfor但适应信号并不是解决拥堵道路的万能)及二句“othersarejammedthatonlysharpreductionthenumberofcarsonroadwillmakemeaningfuldifference(其城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能起有意义的作)可推知KevinBalke认适应性号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助故选D项。【题详解】

推理判断题，答案A。据第二段最一“lights,knownasadaptivesignals,havetosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkand这灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大大减少了通勤的麻烦和花)最一段第一“InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasalessonthevalueofapproaches.(在Bellevue，适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样”可推知，从Bellevue的功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选项。〖命题探究所谓科技说明文是研究自科学与技术的文章明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构往往采用总分递进等方式按一定的顺如时间空从现象到本质进行说明说文的特点是客观练、语言准确、明了，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或理，了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特点等。最近三年年，说明文的出现变不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。阅读理解试题的中要考点之一是考查学生对词汇和句式的掌握。说文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现未列入考纲的生词较多通达到了不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语篇例如同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都有表示解和说明）等。〖解题秘籍说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。数说文在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。解说文解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文时要学会解决what,how,why等类的问题。们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。比说文比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作在谈论一

个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面般情况下的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。推判题做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要主观臆断，凭空想，任意发挥而走入误。学生要学会运用主题句去推测摩文字背后作者的意图用归纳对演技能，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气感情基调(如：否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等这类试常如句发：①canyouconclude/implyfromthispassage?②’stheauthor（度）③infer/learnfromthepassagethat...总之，为提高阅读理解能力，在阅读时应抓中心思,作者意图及关键词语，运用联想比较，归纳，推测等方法，得出最佳结论，选择最佳答案，不能主观臆测，把自己的观点强加进去，与文章观点混为一谈。经过长时间有计有目的的系统训练，学生加快阅读速度，提高阅读的正确性，使两者有机地统一起来以提高学生阅读英语和运用英语进行交际的能力继续学习和运用英语切实打好基阅读是一种综合性很强的语言实际活动。我们只有进行大量的课内外阅读，掌握一定的阅读技巧，正确用阅读方法，才能有效地提高阅读理解能力。〖押题冲关Passaage1(2020·河5月模拟，C)

Onarecentday,tookabreakfromworktotalkaboutmovingfromwealthyneighborhoodnearYorkCitytoanorganicfarmonLongIsland.“Farmingforgrewupaveryunusualcareer，saidthe32yearoldAmerican，belongsthelandintheirownway.Noneofusshouldfeelseparateit.”KatiewasraisedinanuppermiddleclasstownoutsideNewYork，wheremostpeopleneverthoughtaboutworkingonfarm.Today,Katiegrowspotatoes,wheatothercropsQuailHill,apropertyinAmagansett,York.IntheUnitedStates,organicfarmingisagrowingindustry.WomenoperatesomeofthebestknownorganicfarmsonLongIsland.Womenupamorethan37percentallorganicfarmersnationwide.ThatinformationfromtheUnitedStatesofAgriculture(USDA).Expertspredictwomen'sshareinfarminglikelytocontinuetogrow.“Thenewyoungfarmerschooseorganicfarmingwiththeirdesireinfluence，Katieandseveralfarmerssaid.Shesaid,“Theyarechoosingprotectnaturalresourcesforfuturegenerations,toclimatechange,feedtheircommunitygoodandhealthyfood.”Yorkhasabout000certifiedorganic，itthirdlargestinthecountry,andCaliforniaandWisconsinarethefirstandsecond，theUSDAsays.Thesefarmsmakeupnearlyfourpercentofthestate'scomparedwithanationalaverageofaroundpercent.

Althoughorganicfarmingisgrowingquickly,withlaborcostsandsometimessmallerharveststhanfarming.Sodifficultbusinessfornewfarmers.“Whenlookatthestartingoffarm,itseemsreally”KatieBaldwinsaid.“Butinthatenvironmentsin2008,everybodylosttheirjobstherejobs.，didn'tfeelstrangestartsomething，shesaid.1．Katiethinkofattheorganicfarm?A．unacceptable.Cunforgettable.

Bworthwhile.D．challenging.2．

Whytheyoungpeopletoworkasfarmers?A．findasuitablejob.B．earnhealthyfood.C．stopclimatechange.D．helpthesocietydevelop.3．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“audacioustheparagraph?A．Cdaring

BdangerousD．4．canbeinferredthetext?A．aregoodorganicfarming.B．farmingwillagoodemployment.CAmericanlackabundantfood.D．Startingorganicfarmingneedscarefulconsideration.【语篇解读】本为说明文，据内容可纳入创新与变化话题。文章介绍了在纽约，为了促进社会发展，越来越多的年轻人开始从事有机农业生产。1．推判断题。根据第一段知Katie为，在自己长大的地方经营有机农业是一种不同寻常的职业选择。由此可推知Katie认为在有机农场工作是值得的，故选项。]2D[细理解题根据第四段可知那些年轻选择从事有机农业生产为了给社会带来一些影响，即为了促进社会发展。故选择D项]3词义猜测题据画线单词前面的描述可机业对于新型农民来说是一件艰难的事情，所以能够开始就是敢于冒险。故选C。4D[推判断题根最后一段前两句可知，有机农业存在着投入高、低回报的风险。因此，年轻人在开始选择这个行业时应深思熟虑。故选D项。2021门模拟donotseparatedwhileenjoyingarestfulholidayatthebeach.However,battery电池)completely.Ifthathavebutto

connectthetopowersupply.Butit’simpossibletogetthebatterycharged(充)thebeach.What’therightinthebottlereachauniversitystudentfrombeachcalledtheBeachill.Ittothewillbackaswell.However,themobilephone.Itisto水)anda5-wattpanel,whichprovidesThehastherefrigerationequipmentthatkeepjustlikerefrigerator.SayahbegantheBeachillonInternetfor$150.Hesayshasbeensurprisedworldwide.gotordersforthedeviceBrazil,Toronto,alloverope,America,fromcontinents.Beachillalsogainingpopularityotherplaces,poolsboats.peopleliketheitlightweightandMathieuboughtoneoftheBeachills.“IontheItolookforandmanagedfindandstayscool,”shesays.“Sokindofmatiswonderfulandhaseverythinginit,evenapocketwhereIcanputit,IcansurftheInternetandkeepintouchwithfriendsatanytimethebeach.openingparagraphintendedto______.showpityforbeachB.attractthereadersinterestinthesubjectC.providesomekeyaboutimportanceofinweathercanlearnabouttheItisinappearance.Itwillstopworkinginwater.C.Itfunctionoftherefrigerator.Itfunctionsmore7.RitaMathieuismentionedproveBeachill_______.B.C.qualityD.lowpricetextiswritten_______.tellwaytogetcolddrinkaskpeoplestopusingbeachC.encouragepeoplearoundtheworldathatcancharge答案B6.CD

本文是一篇科普说明文，根据内容可纳入创新与变化话题。文章主要介绍了一种新的充电设备一种可以给手机充电的海滩垫子。【5题详解】推理判断题。开头第一段举在海滩度假无法给手机充电的事例，主要为了吸引读者对该话题的趣。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段matalsoequipmentkeepjustlike可知，Beachill还具有冰箱一些功能。故选C【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容及第一句Somepeopleliketheitlightweightandeasy-to-carry.可以推测，举Rita的事例是为了证明的用方便。故选B【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种可以给手机充电的海滩垫子。故选。Passage3(2020·湖北襄阳四中月检测，D)

Asthepopulationcontinuestoincrease,doestheofglobalwastepeopleproduce.AccordingtodatacollectedtheWorldBankGroup,nationswillgeneratebilliontonsofwasteannuallybytheyear2100.Thepollutiontrashisnotruiningtheworld'soceans,andsoilbutendangeringalllivingcreatures.Foryearsgovernmentagencieshavebeentellingcitizenstoliveazerowastelifestyle.Traditionally,manufacturerswouldproducttobeusedandthrownbyconsumers.Thislinearmodelofproductionofferednohelptheagainstglobalwaste.Alternatively,acirculareconomyhasintroduced.Thisissystemwhichaimstominimizewasterestoreusedmaterials.Onceaproduct'svalueexhausted,materialsarerecycledandreturnedtomanufacturers.islesswaste.InTheWallStreetJournalreportedIsland'srecyclingsuccessrateinanarticletitledTheGeniusesGarbageDisposal.In1997,Taiwanestablisheditssignature4in1RecyclingProgram,consistingofcommunities，，governmentcleaningteamstheRecyclingFund.Residentsseparatetheirrecyclablewasteandbringtheircommunity'srecyclinglocations.Thelocalgovernmentcollectionteamsandprivatecollectorscollectit.Recyclingcompaniesbuywastematerialsfromthemtogenerateprofits.ImportersandmanufacturerswhoresponsiblefortherecyclableproductsafeetheRecyclingFund.TheRecyclingFundisanessentialaspectofprogramusedtosubsidize

资助)therecyclingdisposalsystem,supporteducation,researchanddevelopmentaswellasfinancerecyclingeffortsthefollowingacircularsystem,moreproductsthanarebeingmanufacturedrecycledmaterials.，usedtirescanberecoveredtopaveroads,whilereusednewplasticproducts.Anditalsohelpsconservenaturalresources,reducepollution,landfillspaceandevencreatenewopportunities.9．hascirculareconomybeenintroduced?A．populationisontherise.

Bhelphandlewaste.C．livingcreaturestheeartharegettinglessdiverse.D．Traditionalproductsareenvironmentallyfriendly.10．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe4in1RecyclingProgram?A．recyclablematerialsbecollectedofficiallyorprivately.B．importersandmanufacturerscovercostsoftheprogram.C．buywastematerialstheresidents.D．governmentinvestsmoneyastherecycling11．What'stheeffectthecircularsystem?A．willcausenowastepollution.Breducesthecostsoftheproducts.Chelpslowerunemploymentrate.D．thematerialscanberecycledagain.12．Whichofthefollowingdoesthetextsuggest?A．nothingbyhalves.B．Allthatglistersisn'tgold.C．Actionslouderwords.D．man'strashisanothertreasure.【语篇解读】本为说明文，容可以纳入创新与变化话题。文章介绍了一种新的循环体系。9．推判断题。根据第二段中“Thisisasystemwhichaimstominimizewasteandrestoreusedmaterials.可知，这种体系有助于应对全球垃圾]10细节理解题据三段中“Thelocalgovernmentcollectionteamsandprivatecollectorscollect可知，可循环使的废弃物是由政府和个人共同收集的。故选A项]11.C[推判断题。由文中最后一句“evencreatenewopportunities可，循环体系可以创造新的工作机会，有助于降低失业率。故选C项]12D推判断题。本文主要讲述了对于废弃物的回收和循环利用，在某些方面看似无用的垃圾可能会被很好地利用在其他方面，故选D。Passage42019湖南三湘名校联考)Dutchofficialstoastedontheopeningofwhatisbeingcalledtheworld'sfirst3Dprintedconcretebridge,whichismeanttousedbycyclists.Thereapplauseasofficialswearinghardhatsandworkmen'sjacketsrodethebridgeontheirbikesattheopeningceremonyinthesoutheasterntownofGemert.“Thebridgenotverybig,itrolledoutbyprinterwhichmakesitunique，Salet,fromtheEindhovenUniversityTechnology,broadcasterNOS.onprintingthebridge,has800layers,aboutthreemonthsstartinginJuneandmadeofprestressedconcrete,accordingtouniversity.“Oneofadvantagesofprintingabridgethatmuchconcreteneededthaninconventional

techniqueinwhichisfilled，itsaiditswebsite,addingprinterdepositstheconcreteonlywhereisneeded．Theeightmetre(about26footbridgecrossesawaterfilledchanneltoconnectroads,anditwastestedfor