高中英语人教版Unit2Poems unit2sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writing虚拟语气(Ⅱ)阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法1．Haveyoueverwishedyoucouldpaintaswellasaprofessionalartist?2．Itisnecessarythatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.3．Mymomsuggeststhatwe(should)eatoutforachangethisweekend.虚拟语气可以应用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等从句中。一、用于主语从句中常用虚拟语气(谓语动词用shoulddo，其中should可以省略)的主语从句有以下三个句式：1．Itis/was＋important/necessary/essential/impossible/natural/strange/surprising...＋that从句。如：Itisveryimportantthatwe(should)masterthebasicskillsofcomputer.掌握电脑的基本技能是很重要的。2．Itis/was＋a/anrule/shame/honour/surprise...＋that从句。如：Itisarulethateveryone(should)obeythelawofthecountry.条例规定，人人都应该遵守国家的法律。3．Itis/was＋suggested/requested/required/demanded/ordered/commanded/proposed...＋that从句。如：Itissuggestedwe(should)startbeforesunset.人们建议我们应该日落前出发。二、用于宾语从句中1．用在wish之后的宾语从句中wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。主句用法从句谓语动词的形式主语＋wish表示现在不能实现的愿望用一般过去时(be动词通常用were)表示过去不能实现的愿望had＋过去分词表示将来不能实现的愿望would(could)＋动词原形IwishIwereadoctor.我希望我是个医生就好了。Iwishthattherainwouldstop.我希望雨能停下来。2．用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用“should＋动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中“should”可以省略。这类动词可以速记为：一坚持(insist)；二命令(command，order)；三建议(advise，suggest，proposal)；四要求(request，require，demand，desire)。Iinsistedthatwe(should)tellthistoher.我坚决要求我们该把这事告诉她。Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。Iwouldratheryouhadn'tcomehere.我希望你没有来这里。Iwouldratherwehadarestnow.我宁愿我们能够现在休息一下。[名师点津]suggest表示“暗示”时，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气形式。Heinsistedthathehadn'tstolenthemoney.他坚持说自己没有偷钱。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatshewasverysatisfied.她脸上的微笑表明她很满意。三、用于表语从句和同位语从句中虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。一些表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等单词，其后所接的表语从句和同位语从句的谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)getstartedassoonaspossible.我的建议是我们尽可能快地出发。Myadviceisthatyou(should)quitsmoking.我的建议是你应该戒烟。四、虚拟语气的其他用法1．asif/asthough引导的从句以及ifonly从句中的虚拟语气asif/asthough/ifonly时间谓语动词的虚拟形式与过去相虚拟had＋过去分词与现在相虚拟一般过去时(be动词用were)与将来相虚拟would/could/might＋动词原形HespeaksEnglishasthoughhewereanAmerican.他说英语就好像他是美国人一样。Ifonlythedriverdidn'tdrivesofast!司机要是没开那么快就好了！[名师点津]asif/asthough如果有明显的迹象表示“有可能实现的事实”时，不用虚拟语气。Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.(真实情况)他们好像彼此认识。Itseemsasthoughitwerealreadyspring.(虚拟语气)好像已经是春天了。2．It's(high/about)timethat从句中的虚拟语气英语中，表示“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词需用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：Itis(high/about)time(that)＋主语＋动词的过去式/should＋动词原形。ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我该去学校接我的女儿了。Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.你该上班了。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I'dratheryou(nottell)meaboutityesterday.2．Robertwishesthathe(study)businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.【导学号：33100014】3．HemadeasuggestionthattheEnglishtest(put)offuntilnextWednesday.4．Ifonlyhe(come)tomorrow!5．I'velovedyouasifyou(be)myson.【答案】'ttoldstudied3.(should)beputcomeⅡ.完成句子1．明天他必须来参加我们的会议。Itisessentialthatourmeetingtomorrow.2．当一枝铅笔的一部分处在一杯水中时，它看上去像断了似的。Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasif．3．他提议我们应该细致地做这项工作。Hegavetheadvicethattheworkcarefully.4．你要是听从我的劝告就好了。youtomyadvice.5．我宁愿你自己干这事而不是请别人帮忙。Iyourselfinsteadofaskingothersforhelp.【答案】shouldcometowerebroken(should)doonly；hadlistenedratheryoudidit诗歌改写本单元的写作任务是诗歌改写。改写是用不同形式表达同一内容，使之成为与原文意思相同而表达方式、文体不同的作品。改写可以变换文章的人称、顺序，可以改变原文的体裁、结构，也可以灵活运用自己的语言，尽可能用多种方法来表达、替换原文的内容。具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，具体为：第一段：简要介绍诗歌的内容。第二段：详细论述诗歌的主题。第三段：总结照应上文。改写诗歌时，应遵循以下原则；1．要忠实于原作的中心思想。这就要求想象和联想要符合原作精神，不能任意想象，漫无边际。2．适当拓展，服务主题。诗歌用词比较精练、含蓄，感情色彩较浓厚，也就是说它们的内在含义比较丰富，改写时，有发挥想象的余地，可以把原作简洁的词句拓展成具体的景象，形成一篇与主题相关的文章。3．避免简单翻译，要有创作性。改写是再创作的过程，并不是单纯的翻译诗歌，不能仅就诗歌的内容进行简单的扩充，而是要进一步展开种种想象，使人物形象有血有肉，栩栩如生，使故事情节更加完整生动。4．丰富想象，适当添加。改写时可将原来文中没有的东西，如人物的表情、动作、语言、神态和行为等都加进去，在没有改变原作主题思想的基础上，写成一篇完整的文章。总之，诗歌改写应该把握原文的主题，用通俗易懂的语言进行创作，加入自己的语言，使文章符合主题，流畅易懂。[亮点句式]1．Thepoemiswrittenbythefamouswriter...这首诗是由著名的诗人……写的。2．Itrhymesattheendoftheeveryline.这首诗歌在每一行的末尾押韵。3．Wecanappreciatetheimageof...throughthepieceofpoem.我们可以通过这首诗歌欣赏到……的意境。4．Inthepoem，wecansense/find...在诗歌中，我们能够意识到/发现……5．Thewriterexpressedhis/hepoem.作者在诗歌中表达了自己……的感情。6．Thispoemhassuccessfullytouchedtheheartsofthereaders.这首诗歌成功地触动了读者的心弦。[写作任务]下面是唐朝诗人李绅的名作《悯农》，请写一篇80词左右的短文解释一下诗歌的意义以及诗中所蕴含的作者的思想感情。SympathyontheFarmersAtnoon，afarmerisweeding，Downthefield，sweatisdripping，Whoknowsriceonadish，Everygrainisfullofmoiling?[审题谋篇]体裁诗歌改写话题怜悯农民、爱惜粮食时态一般现在时人称第三人称[遣词造句]Ⅰ.词汇1．受欢迎2．如下3．提醒某人某事4．浪费食物5．珍惜【答案】popularwithfollows3．remindsth.food5．treasure/cherishⅡ.句式1．LiShenintheTangDynastywrotethepoemtitled“SympathyontheFarmers”．ItispopularwithChinesereaders.(合并为复合句)2．理解这首诗，爱惜每一粒粮食，对今天的年轻一代来说是必要的。(一句多译)①②【答案】isapoemtitled“SympathyontheFarmers”writtenbyLiShenintheTangDynasty，whichispopularwithChinesereaders.2．①Itisnecessaryfortheyounggenerationtodaytounderstandthepoemandtreasureeverygrain.②It'snecessarythattheyounggenerationtodayshouldunderstandthepoemandtreasureeverygrain.[妙笔成篇]【参考范文】Thepoem“SympathyontheFarmers”byLiShenintheTangDynastyispopularwithChinesereaders.Themeaningofthepoemisas'sveryhotatasummernoon，yetafarmerisstillworkinginthesweatispouringoffhimandfallingintothesoilwherethecropswhoknowsourmealscomefromthehardworkofthefarmers?Thispoemisaimedatremindingpeopleoftheimportanceofthefarmers'hard'snecessarythatyounggenerationtodayunderstandthepoemandtreasureeverygrain.学业分层测评（六）Ⅰ.完成句子1．要是我当时向她道歉就好了。IfonlyI.2．我们早该采取措施来制止污染了。It'stimethat.3．他谈起话来好像他去过世界上的很多地方似的。【导学号：33100036】Hetalksasifheintheworld.4．我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe.5．但愿我能知道要发生什么事。Iwish.【答案】apologizedtoherthen2．wetookmeasurestostoppollution3．hadbeentomanyplaces4．shouldaskourteacherforhelp5．IknewwhatwasgoingtohappenⅡ.阅读理解Poetryisoneoftheimportantartformsofliterature,andisaneasywaytoexpressyour,everyoneunderstandsitintheirownfindreliefinpoems;somereadthemsimplyforpeace;somereadpoemsforsimpleartisticpleasure.Therearesomespecialfeaturesofpoetry,whichmakeitquitedifferentfromotherformsofofall，poemshaverhythmicmostpartsofapoemfollowthesameformofmayhaverhyme,buttheydon'thavelinesareneatlyarrangedtogethersothattheyexpressaparticularfeelingoremotion.Therecanbevarioustypesofpoemsbutaccordingtothepatternortheform,therearemainlythreetypes:Lyrics:Thelyricmainlyconcentratesonhumanthoughtsandemotionsratherthanaalwaysbearsong­likearemainlyshortlyricpoemformsaretheelegy,theodeandtheShakespeare,EdmundWallerandKeatsaresomeofthegreatestlyricwritersofalltimes.Narrativepoems:ThistypeofpoetrytellsapoemsareusuallylongandballadsfallunderthisofthegreatestepicpoetsareJohnMilton,Dante,EdgarAllanPoe，AlexanderPope,WilliamShakespeare,etc...Dramaticpoems:Anydramathatiswritteninverseisadramaticpoemsgenerallytellaverse,dramaticmonologuesandclosetdramabelongtothisShakespeare,ChristopherMarloweandBenJonsonaresomeofthegreatdramaticpoets.Whatevertheformis,onething，whichcannotbedenied,isthatpoetryisoneofthemostpowerfultoolstoexpressourfeelings.1．Whatdoweknowaboutlyrics?①Theyaresimilartosongs.②Theyusuallytellstories.③Theyarenotverylong.④Thesonnetisatypeoflyric.A．①②③ B．②③④C．①②④ D．①③④【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段我们可以知道抒情诗主要表达人的思想和情感而不是写故事，具有歌曲的特点，通常比较短，挽歌、颂歌、十四行诗都属于抒情诗，故选D。【答案】D2．Whichofthefollowingbelongstonarrativepoetry?A．Theelegy.B．Thedramaticmonologue.C．Theepic.D．Theode.【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Epicsandballadsfallunderthistype.”可知。【答案】C3．Wecanknowfromthetextthat．A．poemsareweakinshowingfeelingsB．narrativepoemsareshorterthanlyricpoemsC．somepoetswritemorethanonetypeofpoemD．thesonnetandtheballadbelongtothesametype【解析】推理判断题。从每种类别后举的例子可看出有的诗人不止写一种类型的诗，如莎士比亚。【答案】C4．Thispassageiswrittenmainlyto．A．tellussomesimplefactsaboutpoetryB．teachushowtowritepoemsC．givesomeadviceonreadingpoemsD．makeusinterestedinpoems【解析】主旨大意题。这篇文章向我们介绍了诗的特点、分类等一些基本知识。【答案】AⅢ.语法填空First,readingbooks1.(be)canalwayskeepyourself2.(interest)anditcanhelpyouhaveanenjoyabletimeifyoulikeisespeciallyusefulwhentheweatherisisa(n)3.(relax)hobbytoo.Next,youcanreadabookanywhere:inacar,onaplane,inbed，eveninthe.youneedisabook!Readingisaconvenienthobbyasitiseasytostopandstartagain.Anothergoodreasonforreadingbooksis5.itisyoureadasahobbyyou6.(get)betterandbetteratmeansthatyouwillreadfasterandbecome7.(good)atunderstandingwhatyouyourreadingimproves,youwillprobablyfindyourschoolworkbecomesmuchschoolsubjectsdepend8.goodreadingand,asyoureadyoulearnmoreandmore.Goodreadersaremostlikelytobegood9.(write),areusuallygoodat10.(spell)aswell,andhavemorethingstowritebooksisreallyawonderfulhobby.1．【解析】v．­ing形式作主语，谓语用单数形式。【答案】is2．【解析】修饰yourself，用interested。【答案】interested3．【解析】修饰hobby，用relaxing“令人放松的”。【答案】relaxing4．【解析】what引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语。【答案】What5．【解析】that引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分。【答案】that6．【解析】由句意知用一般将来时。【答案】willget7．【解析】由前面faster知此处用比较级。【答案】better8．【解析】dependon“依靠，依赖”。【答案】on9．【解析】形容词修饰名词，且由前面readers知用writers。【答案】writers10．【解析】begoodat“擅长”，介词后用名词，代词，动名词。【答案】spellingⅣ.完形填空(2023·浙江台州书生中学高二期中考试)Checkoutanywoman'swardrobeandyouwillbesuretofindatleastonepairofhighheelshoesall，whichwomancan1wearingsomethingthatmakesherlooktallerandherlegs2longer?Unfortunately，thosehighheelshoeswomenlovesomuch3theirname，andcanendupdoingmoredamagethanyoucanimagine4thespine(脊柱)andlowerback－ifcareisnottaken.Murlowska，atherapist(治疗师)，is5withtheconsequencesofwearinghighmajorityof6whoarriveatMurlowska'sofficecometoherwithbackandlowerbackoftenthe7aretheresultofnotwalkingproperlyinhighheelsorchoosingthe8kindoffootwear.“Iknowwomenlovewearinghighheelsbuttheycan9extremedamagetothebody，”Murlowskasays，“Irecentlyhadapatientwhohadaterriblefallwhilewalkinginhighheelsandtwistedher10．Shedidnotthinkmuchofitatthetime，butthenextmorningshe11uptofindherkneeswollenandpainful.”Ifawomanwalksinheels12thanfivecentimeters，severalpressurepointsdevelopinvariouspartsofthebodywhichexperience13．Essentially，awomanwearinghighheelsisattemptingto14herentirebodyonaverysmallcausesextremestressonthemusclesofthelegs15increasingthechancesoftheanklegettingcan16damagetothekneeligaments(韧带)andtendons(腱)．Highheelsforcethe17intoanunnaturaldown­turned，therestofthebodyhasto18itselfinordertostaylowerpartofthespineaswellasthehipbonetilts(倾斜)forwardwhilethe19spineandthenecktiltsbackinordertomaintainbalance.Overaperiodoftime，thehipbonealsogets20becauseofthechangeinthecenterofgravityasaresultofwearinghighheels.1． B．enjoyC．request D．resist【解析】考查动词辨析。羡慕；喜欢；要求；抵抗；句意：毕竟，哪个女人能抵抗住高跟鞋的诱惑，让自己变得更高，腿显得更长，resistdoingsth.抵抗做某事，故选D项。【答案】D2． B．becomeC．grow D．turn【解析】考查动词辨析。出现；成为；长大；转向；句意：毕竟，哪个女人能抵抗住高跟鞋的诱惑，让自己变得更高，腿更长，故选A项。【答案】A3．to B．goupC．liveupto D．arrivein【解析】考查动词短语辨析。to到达；up上升；upto不辜负；in到达；句意：不幸地是，那些女性喜欢的高跟鞋并没有辜负它们的名字，如果不注意的话，可能对脊柱和后背造成伤害，故选C项。【答案】C4． B．withC．as D．for【解析】考查介词辨析及语境理解。句意：不幸地是，那些女性喜欢的高跟鞋并没有辜负他们的名字，如果不注意的话，可能对脊柱和后背造成伤害，dodamagetosth.对某物造成伤害，故选A项。【答案】A5． B．familiarC．famous D．worried【解析】考查形容词辨析。知道；熟悉的；著名的；担心的；句意：一个治疗师Murlowska很了解它的后果，befamiliarwith熟悉，故选B