中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 说明文四（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………一、阅读理解（共5题）1、Foryears,ithasbeensaidthatnewspapersareatdeath’sdoor.Eachofthepastfewyearshasseenmanynewspaperssaygoodbyetotheirreaders.Butwhyisthesituationsoterriblefornewspapers?Newspapershavealonghistory.Thefirstnewspaperwasprintedinthe1600s.Theindustryexperienceditsmostsuccessfultimeintheearly20thcentury.WiththeappearanceofradioandTV,however,newspapercirculation（发行量）begantofall.Bythemid-20century,radioandTVhadbecomesopopularthatpeoplenolongerhadtodependonnewspapersfornews.Thiswasespeciallytrueforthelatestnews.Afternoonnewspaperswerethefirsttosuffer.MoreandmorepeoplecominghomefromworkturnedontheTV,insteadofopeninganewspaper.Butgenerally,newspapersstillmanagedtosurvive（生存）.Althoughtheycouldn’tcompetewithTVinspreadingthelatestnews,theycouldprovidein-depthreportsthatTVnewscouldnot.Butnewspaperssufferedanotherheavierblowinthe1990s.WiththeappearanceoftheInternet,lotsofinformationbecamefree.Manynewspaperreadersrealizedthattheycouldconvenientlyreadnewsonlineforfree.Thereseemedtobelittlereasonanylongerforthemtopayforanewspaper.Sowhatwillthefutureofnewspapersbelike?Willnewspapersdie?Maybenot.Manynewspapersarenowchanging.Somearegoingdigital（数字化的）.Somearegoingevenfartherbytakingtheindustrytoplacesithasneverbeento.Afterall,peoplestillwantthenews.Andmanyagreethatnewspapersareimportantforin-depthnewsandopinions.Ifnewspapersweretocompletelydisappear,therewouldbenothingtotaketheirplace.23．Whenwasthefirstnewspaperprinted?A．Inthe1600s.B．Inthe1900s.C．Intheearly20thcentury.D．Inthemid-20thcentury.24．HowdidnewspapersmanagetosurviveagainstcompetitionfromTV?A．Bygoingdigital.B．ByworkingwithTV.C．Byincludingmorepictures.D．Byfocusingonin-depthreports.25．Newspaperssufferedagaininthe1990sbecause________.A．peoplelostinterestinreadingnewsB．newspapersbecamemoreexpensiveC．TVstartedtofocusonin-depthnewsD．peoplecouldreadnewsonlineforfree26．Whichofthefollowingwouldthewritermostlikelyagreewith?A．Thefutureofnewspapersishopeless.B．Thefutureofnewspapersisstilluncertain.C．Manynewspaperswilldieinthenearfuture.D．Afternoonnewspaperswillbecomepopularagain.2、Babieswillnaturallysharefoodwithhungrystrangers,evenwhenthey’rehungrythemselves,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinScientificReports.Inthestudy,theresearchersfirstdidanexperimenton19-month-olds.Thetimewasabout75minutesaftertheirlastsnackormeal.Intheexperiment,anunfamiliaradultreachedforpiecesoffreshfruitthathadbeenplacedonadishinfrontofachild,andthechildcouldchoosetoeithersharethefruitwiththeadultorkeepthefruitandeatithimself/herself.Almost60%ofthechildrensharedatleastonepieceoffruitwiththeadult.Inafollow-upexperiment,theresearchershadthechildren’sparentsbringtheminjustbeforetheirnextscheduledsnackormeal,soonaverage,ithadbeenmorethan130minutessincetheylastate.Theresearcherswantedtoknowwhetherthesechildren,whowerehungrythemselves,wouldstillsharefoodwithsomeoneinneed.Theresultsshowedthatalmost40%ofthechildrenwerewillingtoshareatleastonepieceoffruitwiththeadultwhoreachedforthefood.Someotherexperimentresultsalsoshowedthatchildrenasyoungasoneyearoldlikedtohelpothersinneed,evenwhentheythemselveswantedtogetsomething.26．Wherecanwereadthenewstudy?A．Inachildren’sbook.B．InScientificReports.C．Inthefoodmagazine.D．Inapopularnewspaper.27．Whomdidtheresearchersdothefirstexperimenton?A．Someadults.B．19-monthbabies.C．Children’sparents.D．Manystrangers.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scheduled”mostprobablymean?A．Leftthedaybefore.B．Overcooked.C．Plannedaheadoftime.D．Home-made.29．Whatcanweknowfromthethirdandfourthparagraphs?A．Thebabiesatethingsveryslowly.B．Thebabiesdidn’tlikesnacksormeals.C．Thoughyoung,thebabiessharedfoodwithparents.D．Thoughhungry,thebabieswerestillwillingtoshare.30．Whydidtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiments?A．Toshowbabiesliketosharenaturally.B．Toknowhowmuchchildrencaneat.C．Toteachchildrenhowtohelpothers.D．Toadviseadultstolookafterbabies.3、Whatisatsunami（海啸）?Tsunamisareoftencausedbyearthquakesorvolcanoes（火山）.Theaveragespeed（平均速度）ofthewaves（波浪）is300mphandthewavescanlastfromfiveminutestoanhour.Whattodoinatsunami?Firstly,whenastrongearthquakeisfelt,leavethewateratonce,gettotheshore（海岸）andgoasfarawayasyoucanfromthebeachfast.Ifitallows,gotoahigherground.Secondly,turnontheTVfornewsandweatherreport.Theywilltellyoumoreaboutthetsunami.Thirdly,getallmembersofyourfamilytogetherandleteveryoneknowthetsunamiiscoming.Chooseaplacetostaytogether.Makesuretheplaceissafeandasfarawayfromtheshoreaspossible.Bringemergencysupplies（应急用品）whenyouhavetoleaveyourhouse.Atlast,ifyoufindahugewaveiscoming,climbontotheroofofyourhouseoronthehighestpointofthenearestbuilding.Holdontoanythingthat’sstrongenough.Climbatreeifyouhaveto.Foratsunami,theonlywaytosurvive（幸免于）itistobeprepared.31．Whenatsunamicomes,thewaveswill________.A．goasquicklyas300mphB．becomestrongerbeforetheearthquakeC．causeheavyrainD．lastshorterandshorter32．Howmanysuggestionsarementionedinthispassage?A．Two.B．Three.C．Four.D．Five.33．Whenatsunamiiscoming,yourfamilyhadbetter________.A．gotothebeachtogetherB．stayinasafeplacetogetherC．stayinyourhouseD．putemergencysuppliesonalowerground34．WeshoulddothefollowingwhenatsunamiiscomingEXCEPT________.A．listeningtotheweatherreportB．goingtoalowplacetokeepsafeC．gettingemergencysuppliesreadyD．leavingthewaterasfarawayasyoucan35．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowtokeepsafeinthewaterB．WhatatsunamiisC．WhattodoafteratsunamiD．Howtosurviveatsunami4、Mostofusareusedtousingjethanddryers(喷射式干手器)inpublicrestrooms.They’resurelyveryconvenient—allweneedtodoistoholdupourhandsforafewsecondsuntilthey’redry.Andmoreimportantly,they’resupposedtobehygienic(卫生的).However,anewstudypublishedinthejournalHospitalInfectionfoundthatjethanddryersactuallyspreadmoredangerousbacteria(细菌)thanpapertowels.Inthestudy,tworestroomsineachofthreedifferenthospitalsintheUK,FranceandItalywererequiredtoprovidebothjetairdryersandpapertowelsforpeopletouse.Butoncertaindays,onlyeitherthehanddryerorthepapertoweldispenser(自动出纸机)wasavailabletouse.Thescientistsfoundthatwhenonlythehanddryerwasavailable,theamountofbacteriaintherestroomswas27timeshigherthanonotherdays.AccordingtostudyleaderMarkWilcox,anexpertinmedicalmicrobiology(微生物学)atLeedsUniversity,UK,airdryersspreadharmfulbacteriaallovertheroom.Thismeansthatifpeopleusethesedryers,they’remorelikelytopickupbacteria.Atthesametime,however,thisraisesthequestionofwhythesebacteriaexistinthefirstplaceifpeoplearewashingtheirhandsafterusingtherestroom.“Theproblemstartsbecausesomepeopledonotwashtheirhandsproperly,”WilcoxtoldTheTelegraph.Inotherwords,poorhand-washingleadstoalargeamountofbacteriabeingleftonyourhands.39．Whatdidthenewstudyfindaccordingtothepassage?A．Usingjethanddryerswasveryconvenient.B．Jethanddryersweresupposedtobehygienic.C．Jethanddryersactuallyspreadmoredangerousbacteriathanpapertowels.D．Hospitalswererequiredtoprovidebothjetairdryersandpapertowelsforpeopletouse.40．Howcanwestopbacteriaaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Byusingpapertowels.B．Byonlyusingjethanddryers.C．Bynotusingpublicrestrooms.D．Bywashingourhandsproperly.41．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Washinghandscanprotectyoufromdanger.B．Moderntechnologymaycausemoreproblems.C．It’scommontopickupbacteriainpublicplaces.D．Scientistswillfindawaytoimprovehanddryers.5、DoyouknowanyonebornintheYearoftheTiger?What’stheirpersonalitylike?Aretheybrave,stronganddetermined?Ifso,thentheyareatypical“tiger”.InChineseculture,tigersareseenasthekingofallanimals.Theystandforpower,energyandprotection.Tigersareseenasfearlessanimals,sothat’swhyinChinayoucanseepicturesoftigersonthewallsofhousesandtemplestowardoff(抵御)dangeranddisasters.TigershaveanimportantculturalmeaningnotjustinChina,butacrossAsiawheretheyliveinthewild.Forexample,inSouthKorea,theanimalisasymbolofjustice,humanityandrighteousnessinlocalfolktales.Boththe1986SeoulAsianGamesandthe1988SeoulSummerOlympicsusedHodori,afriendlycartoontiger,asthemascot.AtigerisalsoonthelogooftheSouthKoreanationalsoccerteam.IntheWest,tigersarealsoseenaspowerfulanimals.Andweoftenuse“tiger”inEnglish.Ifwesaysomeone“workslikeatiger”,wemeanheorsheworkshard.Ifyouwantsomeonetocalmdown,youcansaytothem“easy,tiger”.Anotherfamousphraseis“eyeofthetiger”,whichmeanshavingstrength.Therearealsosomeotherphrasesabouttigers,suchas“atigercan’tchangeitsstripes”,“papertiger”and“haveatigerbythetail”.31．What’satypical“tiger”likeaccordingtothepassage?A．Smartandbrave.B．Braveandstrong.C．Strongandoutgoing.D．Determinedandfriendly.32．WhycanpeopleseepicturesoftigersonthewallsofhousesandtemplesinChina?A．BecausetigersliveinthewildinAsia.B．BecausetigersareusedinEnglishphrases.C．Becausetigersareregardedasfearlessanimals.D．BecausetigersareusedasthemascotsbothintheAsianGamesandintheOlympics.33．Ifwewantsomeonetocalmdown,wecanuse“_________”.A．easy,tigerB．worklikeatigerC．eyeofthetigerD．atigercan’tchangeitsstripes34．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TigersindifferentculturesB．TigersindifferentphrasesC．Tigers—thekingofallanimalsD．Tigers—theculturalsymbolinChina============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、A

24．D

25．D

26．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了报纸的历史、兴衰、以及未来趋势。23．细节理解题。根据“Thefirstnewspaperwasprintedinthe1600s.”可知，第一份报纸印刷于17世纪。故选A。24．细节理解题。根据“Althoughtheycouldn’tcompetewithTVinspreadingthelatestnews,theycouldprovidein-depthreportsthatTVnewscouldnot.”可知，报纸能在电视的竞争中生存下来是因为它们可以提供电视新闻无法提供的深度报道。故选D。25．细节理解题。根据“WiththeappearanceoftheInternet,lotsofinformationbecamefree.Manynewspaperreadersrealizedthattheycouldconvenientlyreadnewsonlineforfree.Thereseemedtobelittlereasonanylongerforthemtopayforanewspaper.”可知，20世纪90年代，报纸再次受挫，是因为人们可以免费在线阅读新闻，所以人们似乎再也没有理由为报纸付费了。故选D。26．推理判断题。根据“Sowhatwillthefutureofnewspapersbelike?Willnewspapersdie?Maybenot.”可知，作者认为报纸的未来是不确定的，故选B。2、B

27．B

28．C

29．D

30．A【导语】本文介绍了婴儿会与饥饿的陌生人分享食物，即使他们自己也饿了的相关科学研究情况。26．推理判断题。根据“Babieswillnaturallysharefoodwithhungrystrangers,evenwhenthey’rehungrythemselves,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinScientificReports.”可知，这是一份科学报道，故选B。27．细节理解题。根据“Inthestudy,theresearchersfirstdidanexperimenton19-month-olds.”可知，研究中，研究人员首先对19个月大的婴儿进行了实验，故选B。28．词义猜测题。根据“Inafollow-upexperiment,theresearchershadthechildren’sparentsbringtheminjustbeforetheirnextscheduledsnackormeal”可知，研究人员让孩子的父母在他们下一顿零食或正餐之前把他们带进来，此处的单词“scheduled”指的是“提前计划的”，故选C。29．段落大意题。根据“Theresearcherswantedtoknowwhetherthesechildren,whowerehungrythemselves,wouldstillsharefoodwithsomeoneinneed.”以及“Theresultsshowedthatalmost40%ofthechildrenwerewillingtoshareatleastonepieceoffruit...evenwhentheythemselveswantedtogetsomething.”可知，三四两段主要是阐述虽然婴儿们饿了，但是他们还是愿意分享，故选D。30．主旨大意题。根据“Babieswillnaturallysharefoodwithhungrystrangers,evenwhenthey’rehungrythemselves,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinScientificReports.”可知，研究人员进行这些实验主要是为了展示婴儿喜欢自然地分享，故选A。3、A

32．C

33．B

34．B

35．D【导语】本文讲述海啸来临时，人们怎样应对海啸的四点建议。31．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theaveragespeedofthewavesis300mph”，可知海啸来的时候波浪的平均速度可以达到每小时300英里。故选A。32．推理判断题。根据“Firstly”，“Secondly”，“Thirdly”及“Atlast”，可知，文章主要讲述了四点建议。故选C。33．细节理解题。根据第五段“Thirdly,getallmembersofyourfamilytogetherandleteveryoneknowthetsunamiiscoming.Chooseaplacetostaytogether.Makesuretheplaceissafeandasfarawayfromtheshoreaspossible”，可知当海啸来临，家人最好在一个安全的地方待在一起。故选B。34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“climbontotheroofofyourhouseoronthehighestpointofthenearestbuilding.Holdontoanythingthat’sst