高中英语高考二轮复习二轮复习 二轮复习 语法专题复习定语从句教案

高中英语语法专题复习：定语从句知识要点关系代词和关系副词的选用限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别几组的关系词特殊用法一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。Thehappymanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.mustdoeverythingthatIdo.被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything.关系代词和关系副词who,whom,that,which,ere,when,why等关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。Themanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.该句中，wholivesnexttometheman“who”theman，在定语从句中作主语。二、关系词引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句who指人，用作主语whom指人，用作宾语which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可thatTheteacherwhovisitsourschooltodayisfromGuangzhou.MrsReadisthepersonwhomyoushouldwriteto.Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchThefish(which)weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.AplaneisamachinethatcanThenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.whose引导的定语从句：先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.when、where、why引导的定语从句when在从句中作时间状语Octoberlst,1949isthedaywhen(=onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.where在从句中作地点状语Irecentlywenttothetownwhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.why在从句中作原因状语Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslatewasthathemissedthetrain.where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”wheretion,case,stage,point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用到关系副词whereway(方式，方法)inwhichthat引导定语从句，也可省略：Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步了。Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that)heworkedouttheproblem?三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别相同点：都属于定语从句不同点：①形式上：有无逗号。限制性定从无逗号。非限制性定从，有逗号。②意义上：限制性定从对先行词起修饰限制作用；非限制性定从起补充说明作用。Hehasfoundthebook(that)hewaslookingImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeveryHetoldmeastoryyesterday，whichIthinkisveryinteresting. (which指atory)hasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesmevery(which指逗号前面整句话意思)四、几组关系词的特殊用法thatwhich的情况：①all,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,someDoyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么要为自己要说的吗？②thethevery(恰恰，正好),any,every,some,no,all,flittle,much,theright,thelast,just等修饰时。ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaiting③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.这是去苏州的最后一趟火车。⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？⑥当主句的主语是疑问句who或which时，Whichisthebikethatyoulost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？⑦有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that.Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.⑧当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。⑨主句是therebe句型且关系词在从句中作主语用，用that不用which引导。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.whichthat的情况：①在非限制性定语从句中，只用which,不用thatHebrokemycup,whichmademeangry.他打破了我的杯子，这使我很生气。②当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which,不用that.ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。词置于关系代词之前。Thisisthepen(which/that)I’mlookingfor.这是我正在寻找的那只钢笔。whothat引导定语从句的情况①one,ones,anyone,noone,those,all,nobody,anybody,nonewhothat.Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。②therebewhoTherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.有一些想去海南度假的人。③whothatProfessorwhoisoverstillworksharddayandnight.as引导的定语从句①such+名词+as…像…一样的，像…之类的thesame+名词+as…和…同样的其中as可作为关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。havefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected. 们预料的那样的低价出售。(as作宾语)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)注意such…as…引导的定语从句与such…that…引导的状语从句的区别：Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.(定语从句)他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.(状语从句)他是一个如此聪明的孩子，以至于人人都喜爱他。asthat引导的是状语从句，从句中不缺任何成分。介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句(可用whom,who,that；关系代词指物时只可用whichthat。关系代词是所有格时用whose。方法：①根据定语从句中动词的固定搭配来确认“介词+关系代词”中的介词；②根据先行词来确认“介词+关系代词”中的关系代词Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。gotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.gotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。for,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which