外研版必修3 Module4 P4 Grammar Infinitive(共57张PPT)

M4GrammarObjective1.Tolearnaboutinfinitive2.Tounderstanddifferenttypesofinfinitive语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。Thewindisstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.Wewereadvisednottogooutside.It’sfrighteningtobecyclingtoworkinasandstorm.Thereisnothingtobedone.Iamtheonlypersoninmyfamilytohavebeeninasandstorm.Infinitive

Areyoufamiliarwiththesesentences?Theyareallfromourbookswehavelearned.Tohavebeencaughtinasandstormwasaterribleexperience.Tobecyclinginasandstormisfrightening.It’sdifficulttobreatheandthedustmakesmeill.Topreventitcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.totestyoursenseofobservationtotestyourabilityofshort-termmemorytotestyourabilitytohighlightthelanguagepointsGuessGuessingGamesThewindisstrongenough_______sanddunes.Wewereadvised________outside.It’sfrightening____________toworkinasandstorm.Thereisnothing__________.Iamtheonlypersoninmyfamily___________inasandstorm.tomovenottogotobecyclingtobedonetohavebeen__________________inasandstormwasaterribleexperience._____________inasandstormisfrightening.It’sdifficult_________andthedustmakesmeill.___________itcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.TohavebeencaughtTobecyclingtobreatheToprevent1.LastsummerItookacourseon____.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade单选2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Therearefivepairs____,butIamatalosswhichtobuy.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing4.Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy_____.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout5.______lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept6.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone7.Johnwasmade_____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing8.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident

＿＿losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto9.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating1.帮助他人是件好事。Itisgood_____________.2.散步是锻炼的一种好方式。_______isagoodformofexercise.3.我不知该去哪儿度假。Idon’tknow______________holiday.tohelpothersTowalk汉译英wheretospend4.爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_____________________arebothgreathappiness.5.据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid_________________________hiswork.6.根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported___________________.Toloveandtobelovedtohavefinished/completedtohavearrivedsafely7.我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike_____________atonce.8.玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Maryseemed_______________aboutit.9.众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown_________________agoldmedalattheOlympics.toberepairedtohavebeentoldtohavebeengiven以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式Infinitive不定式1.作主语1)Tomasteraforeignlanguage

isnecessaryforacollegestudent.2)Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.2.作表语Yourjobistowashdishes.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.当作表语的不定式解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。3.作宾语Shepromisedtogivehimachance.agree,demand,ask,decide,expect,hope,want,offer,plan,pretend,promise,afford,prepare,refuse,manage,fail,dare,fear,swear等动词后面均可直接跟不定式作宾语。少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语1.Ithasnochoicebut

toliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcept

tocomplain.当句子中的主动词为do时,but,except后的动词不定式省去to;can’tbut,can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,donothingbut,ratherthan,hadbetter之后省略to.1.Hedoesnothingbut

playallday.2.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbut

tocry.3.Hecan’tchoosebut

doit.4.There’snothingtodoexcept/but

waittillitstopsraining.4.作宾语补足语Theteachertold

hisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.Iwouldliketheproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeeting.A.ask,tell,order,command,beg,get,request,require,invite,force,permit,cause,forbid,allow,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,wouldlike等动词可以接带to的不定式作宾补。B.think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel,find,understand等动词后常接tobe+adj.作宾补。Weallknowhimtobeagoodplayer.C.不定式作补语，可根据需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑问词。Couldyoutellmehow

torepairthemachine?Noonetoldmewhere

tofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhat

todowiththesesentencepatterns.D.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,let,make,have等后跟不定式作宾补时,不加to,help后可加可不加。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.5.作主语补足语Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语1.

Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.2.

Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.6.作后置定语1)Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)2)Hehasanimportantmeeting

toattend.(动宾关系)3)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位关系)不定式作宾语，动词如果不是及物动词，后面应加必要的介词Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.7.作目的状语，to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。1.ShegotoffthetraininBeijingtoseeafriend.2.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.3.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.8.作结果状语不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,且不定式前常有only,never,强调惊讶或失望。V-ing作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofindithadbeenbrokeninto.Istoodthere,

nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,

causing100deaths.1.疑问词+不定式的复合结构1.

Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.2.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.3.Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.4.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehowtogettothestation.不定式的复合结构主语表语宾语宾语补足语2.带有逻辑主语的结构1.It’skindofyoutolendmesuchabeautifulnecklace.2.It’simportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.3.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.主语主语定语

此结构中的形容词说明句中行为动词的特征。

此结构中的形容词说明逻辑主语的特征，可作逻辑主语的表语。Itis+adj.+ofsb.todoItis+adj.+forsb.todoItisfoolishofyou

tosaysuchwords.(Youarefoolish

tosaysuchword.)Itisnecessaryforus

tolearnourlessonswell.不定式的时态

不定式的一般式todo

Iamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.

表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。不定式的进行式tobedoingIamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。不定式的完成式tohavedoneHehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成式在wouldlike后边表示未能实现的愿望。

主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.不定式的语态Weaskedhimtostaytillthenextday,butherefusedto.Areyouateacher?Yes,andIhavetobe.Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandhaveagoodrest.Ididn’tsayanythingbuttomakeagesture.省略to与省略do1.prefern.(doing)ton.(doing)2.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.3.wouldratherdo4.wouldrather+句子（虚拟语气）5.advise/allow/permit/forbidsb.todoadvise/allow/permit/forbid)doing固定词组和句型几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停下来去做某事

doingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事

doingsth.忘记已做了某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事

doingsth.记得曾经做某事不定式主动式被动式一般式完成式进行式/完成进行式/todotobedonetohavedonetohave

beendonetobedoingtohave

beendoing动词不定式的时态和语态一览表Review复习不定式的各种形式Infinitive注:word文档点击此处链接Individualactivity阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

BeijingwascoveredinorangedustasastrongsandstormblewhundredsofmilesfromdrynorthernChinatothenation’scapital.Thecitygovernmentissuedapollutionwarningandpeople_________(advise)tostayindoors.InTiananmenSquare,cloudsofdustcoveredmonumentsandvisitorsworemasks_________(avoid)thedustandsoil.Thestormhasalreadycauseda___________(frighten)disasterinXinjiang,Shanxi,ShaanxiandHebeiregionsandisheading____________SouthKorea.wereadvisedtoavoidfrighteningto/towardsResidentsofSouthKoreancapital,Seoul,aswellas______incentralandwesternregions,havebeenadvisedtostayindoors.BySaturday,thestormhadspreadoveranareaof810,000squarekm.Itwasexpectedtolast_____Monday,themeteorologicalagency(气象局)saidinastatementonitswebsite.AnofficialfromBeijing’smeteorologicalagencysaidthestormshadbecome____(little)frequentinrecentyears.“Thesituationhasimprovedgreatlyafterthe2006storm.”hesaid.thoseuntilless1.Hetolduswhether_____apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.

(2009四川)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had2.Theplay____nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.(2009安徽)A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced实战高考3._____,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.(2009辽宁)A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner4.Thechildrenallturned___thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.(2009全国I)A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat5.Weareinvitedtoaparty___inourclubnextFriday.(2009山东)A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding6.Davidthreatened___hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.(2009上海)A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported7.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank____presentsformydad.(2010全国I)A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought8.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting_____.(2010江西)A.todiscover B.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered9.Wewereastonished____thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010辽宁)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound10.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山东)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted11.Hisfirstbook____nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.(2010陕西)A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished12.Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant____.(2010四川)A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith13.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced____people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.(2011重庆)A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised14.Theability____anideaasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.to