2020年高考英语专题训练系列 6-4 语法填其他体裁

6.4语法填其他体裁-2020年高考英语专题训练系列(一)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Atomicenergyisagreatdiscoveryofthepresentcentury,andmanypeoplehaveplayedapartinitsdevelopment.AlbertEinsteintoldtheworldabout1basicideainhisfamousTheoryofRelativityin1905.Asheandotherscientistsbegantodiscovermoreabouttheatom,2learnedthatagreatamountofenergycouldbereleasedbysplitting3atom.However,itwasalsonecessarythatthisenergy4(control).Ifitwerenot,itwouldbeverydangerous.Nowatomicenergyisusedtomoveships,anditmayalsoproveuseful5spaceships.Infact,thisnewsourceofpowerhassomanyuses6itisalmostimpossibletoimagineallthegreatchangesit7(bring)intoourlives.Somescientistssaytheworldneedn'tbeafraidofapossible8(short)ofcoal,oil,naturalgasorothersourcesoffuelforthefuture.Theysaythat9thesewereusedup,therewouldbeenoughofthistypeofenergy10(last)forever.助读词汇releasevt.释放atomicenergyreleasevt.释放atomicenergy原子能/核能thistypeof这种；这类playapartin在......中扮演角色/起作用split使分裂TheoryofRelativity相对论agreatamountof大量的(二)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel,1outstandingscientistandinventor.Besides,hehadabigbusiness2makingandsellingexplosives,whichmaysurpriseyou.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn'tthissomething3surprisesyou?ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?4_AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowar

intheworld.Hewasoneofthe5(rich)inEurope.Whenhediedin1896,heleftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.Weknowthem6theNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthe7(win)tobechosenfortheirwork,notthecountry8camefrom.AlfredNobel9(give)hiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,10helefttheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.助读词汇explosive助读词汇explosiven.炸药outstandingadj.杰出的willn.遗嘱benefitn.利益setup设立；建立fundn.基金weaponn.武器interestn.利息；收益effortsn.努力leavebehind留下(三)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。CityName:VaticanCitySize:0.17sq.mi.(0.44km2)Population:approximately1380Location:Rome,Italy1thenearlysamesizeofagolfcourse,theVaticanCityis2(small)countryintheworld.It's_3(basic)walledenclave(有围墙的飞地)insideofRome,Italy.Itissosmall4theentirecountrydoesnothaveasinglestreetaddress.TheVaticanCitymaybesmall,5itisverypowerful.ItisthesovereignterritoryoftheHolySee,ortheseatoftheCatholicChurch,6hasoveronebillionpeople(aboutoneinsixpeopleontheplanet)asconstituents.TheVaticanCity7(create)in1929bytheLateranTreaty(拉特兰条约)andisruledbythePope,basicallyanon-hereditary,electedmonarchwhoruleswithabsoluteauthority—indeed,thePopeistheonlyabsolutemonarchinEurope.

8uniquethingaboutthesmallestcountryintheworldisthat9hasnopermanentcitizens.CitizenshipoftheVaticanCityisconferredupon(授予)thosewhoworkattheVatican(aswellastheirspousesandchildren)andisrevoked10theystopworkingthere.助读词汇HolySee罗马教廷absoluteauthority绝对权威HolySee罗马教廷absoluteauthority绝对权威constituentn.组成部分Popen.罗马教皇non-hereditaryadj.non-hereditaryadj.非世袭的monarchn.最高统治者；君主spousen.spousen.配偶revokevt.取消；撤销LateranTreatysovereignterritory有主权的领土LateranTreatytheseatoftheCatholicChurch天主教教廷的所在地(四)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HolidayinGreatBritainThereareeightpublicholidaysorbankholidaysinayearinGreatBritain,whicharedaysonwhichpeopleneednottogotowork.1areChristmasDay,BoxingDay,NewYear'sDay,GoodFriday,EasterMonday,MayDay,SpringBankHolidayandLateSummerBankHoliday.Theterm“bankholiday”datesback2the19thcenturywhenin1871and1875mostofthesedayswereconstituted(扌旨定)bankholidays,3banksweretobeclosed.Allthepublicholidays,4Christmas(25December)andBoxingDay(26December)donotfallonthesamedateeachyear.Mostoftheseholidaysareof5(religion)origin,thoughforthegreaterpartofthepopulationthey6(lose)theirreligioussignificanceandaresimplydaysonwhichpeoplerelax,eat,drinkandmakemarry.NewYearinEnglandisnotsoenthusiasticallyobservedasChristmas.The7(common)typeof

celebrationisafamilyparty.Atmidnighteveryonehearsthechimes(钟声)oftheBigBenand8toastis

drunktotheNewYear.ThemostfamouscelebrationisinLondoninTrafalgarSquare9thereisabig

Christmastree(anannualpresentfromNorway),abigcrowdisusuallygathered10someoneusuallyfallsintothefountain.助读词汇

termn.termn.术语toastn.祝酒fallon适逢religioussignificance宗教意义TrafalgarSquare特拉法加广场observevt.庆祝annualadj.每年的fountainn.喷泉enthusiastically满腔热情地fallinto落入；掉进(五)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Peopleinthefuturewillbeabletoenjoyalongerandhealthierlifeandremainactiveeveninoldage.Peoplenow1(pay)moreattentiontotheimportanceofahealthydietand2activelife.Theyarecarefulabout3theyeatandexerciseregularly.Advancesinmedicalsciencealsoallowustodealwithnewdiseases,suchasSARSandAIDS.Somediseases,forexamplesmallpox(天花)，havealreadybeen4(success)defeated.Withabetterunderstandingofthehumanbody,scientistsandphysicianswillbeabletocuremorediseases.Perhapsmoreimportantly,newdiscoveriesingeneticsandbiochemistrymayleadtochangesinthewaydiseases5_(cure)andmedicinesaremade.Homeworkwillalwaysbehomework,6theschoolsofthefuturewillprobablybequitedifferentfromwhattheyaretoday.Wecanstudyathome7watchingeducatorsonTVoronacomputerscreen.Inthefuture,theremaybemore"schoolsontheair”and"e-schools”.Realclassroomswillalwaysbepopular,butdistanceeducationwillhelppeoplestudy8theyhavetimeandwherevertheymaybe.Theway_9viewlearningandknowledgeisalsochanging.Insteadofbeingstudentsonlywhenweareyoung,wewillbecomelifelong_10lifelong_10(learn).助读词汇geneticsn.遗传学；基因学biochemistryn.生物化学advancen.geneticsn.遗传学；基因学biochemistryn.生物化学advancen.进步physiciann.内科医生defeatvt.打败distanceeducation远程教育(六)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MillionsofchildrennowusetheInternet,andmillionsmorearecomingonlineeachyear.Childrentakeinterest1theycanmakethingshappenwiththeInternet.Computerswillchange2childrenlearn,communicateandplay.Somepeoplebelievethatschoolswillnolongerbenecessaryinthenearfuture.Theysaidthatbecauseof3_Internet,thereisnolongeranyneed4schoolbuildings,classesandteachers.Perhapsthiswillbetrueoneday,butiftheworldhasnoschools,Ican'timaginewhatour5(social)willbe.Infact,weshouldlearnhowtousenewtechnologytomakeschools6(good).Weshouldinventanewkindofschoolthatisconnected7libraries,museums,sciencecenters,labsandevencompaniesontheInternet.Companiesshouldmakelearningprogramsforschools.ScientistsorprofessorscouldgivetalksthroughtheInternet.TVstationscoulddeveloplearningprogramsforstudents.Labscouldsetupwebsites8(show)newtechnologysothatstudentscouldsee9ontheInternet.Howwillthisbrand-newkindofschoolchangetheusualwayoflearning?Itistooearlytobesure,butitisveryexcitingtothinkaboutit.Wearesurethattechnology10(change)thewaywelearnandschoolswillchangeaswell.助读词汇websiten.网站brand-newadj.崭新的millionsof数以百万计的takeinterest感兴趣setup建立aswellK(=too)(七)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplereade-books.Digitalbooksare1(cheap)topublish,andtheycansavemanyforests.2theyturntextbooksintoe-books,studentsdonothavetobuyheavyandexpensivetextbooks.Theycaninsteadjustcarrysmalllaptopsorjustreadthebooksfromanyschoolcomputer.Surely3printedbooksande-bookshaveadvantages.Printedbooksareeasy4(read)andyoucanreadthemanywhereyouwantandinanyposition.Youcanlieonasofaandread,orlieinyourbedandread.E-booksarecheapandeasytoget.5alsosavealotofroom.Searchingthroughe-booksismucheasierthanthroughprintedbooks,ifyouwanttofindacertaintopicorsomethingelse.E-bookscanbemoreattractiveiftheyaremademultimedia,6(leave)printedbooksfarbehind.

Somepeople,however,don'tliketokeeplooking7ascreenwhentheyarereading8novel.Notonlydoesitmaketheireyesverytired,italsodoesn'tfeelthesame.Theylovethe9(weigh)andeventhesmellofbooks.Thatistosay,readinge-bookscannotfullymatchtheenjoymentandfeelofreadingprintedbooks.Additionally,e-booksarenotforpeople10arecomputer-illiterate(文盲的),orwhodonotfullyunderstandcomputers.助读词汇laptopn.手提电脑multimedian.多媒体digitaladj.数字的matchvt.比得上additionallyadv.此外inanyposition以任何姿势leave...farbehind把远远地甩在后面(八)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thefirstnewspaperwaswrittenbyhandandputuponwallsinpublicplaces.The1(early)dailynewspaperwasstartedinRomein59BC.Inthe700'stheworld'sfirstprintednewspaperwaspublished.Europedidn'thavearegularlypublishednewspaper21609,whenonewasstartedinGermany.ThefirstregularlypublishednewspaperinEnglishwasprintedinAmsterdamin1620.In1621,3EnglishnewspaperwasstartedinLondonandwaspublishedonceaweek.ThefirstdailyEnglishnewspaperwastheDailyCourtant,4cameoutinMarch1702.In1690,BenjaminHarris5(print)thefirstAmericannewspaperinBoston.6notlongafteritwasfirstpublished,thegovernmentstoppedthepaper.In1704,JohnCampbellstartedtheBostonNewspaper,thefirstnewspaper7(publish)dailyintheAmericanColonies(殖民地).81760,thecolonieshadhadmorethanthirtydailynewspapers.Therearenowabout1,800dailypapersinUnitedStates.Today,asagroup,Englishlanguagenewspapershavethelargest9(circulate)intheworld.ButthelargestcirculationforanewspaperisthatoftheJapanesenewspaperAsahiShimbun.10sellsmorethanelevenmillioncopieseveryyear.助读词汇regularlyadv.助读词汇regularlyadv.定期地putup张贴copyn.份数comeout出现；出版notlongafter之后不久asagroup作为整体；总体来讲（九）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dearfriends,Iamhappytogiveatalk,sharingwhatIlearntaboutfirstaid.Firstaidisthetimelytreatment1(give)totheinjuredbeforedoctorscome.Students2weare,weshouldprepareforanemergencybylearningsomethingaboutfirstaid,_3isurgentlyneededinsomeaccidents.Forexample,ifsomeonesuffersfrom4sprainedanklewhiledoingsports,thebestwaytotreat5istoputanicepackorcoldwateronhisankle.When6(treat)acut,weshouldtakeimmediateactiontocleanthewoundandstopthebleeding.Call120iftheinjuryistooseveretodealwith.Besides,keepingafirst-aidkit7(hand)isawisechoice.Ofcourse,thekitissupposedtocontainnecessaryitemsthatcandealwithavarietyofemergencies.Inconclusion,knowinghowtoperformfirstaidisofgreatimportanceinourdailylife,whichsometimesmeansatotaldifference8lifeanddeath.Only9acoolmindandadequateknowledgeoffirstaidcanweofferahelpinghand10necessary.助读词汇timelyadj.及时的emergencyn.紧急情况urgentlyadv.迫切地severeadj.严重的performvt.执行adequateadj.足够的；充足的sprainedankle裸关节扭伤icepack冰袋first-aidkit急救箱besupposedto理应necessaryitems必须物品avarietyof各种各样的（十）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。FirstAidKitWeshouldallhaveone,andinfact,weshouldallhavemorethanone.1(recommend)statethatyoushouldcarryafirstaidkitinthecar,thereshouldbeafirstaidkitinthehome,intheoffice,atschool,whenyougoouthiking,cyclingoronanyothertypeofoutdooradventure,weneedaccess2firstaidkitsatalltimes.Makesurethatyoufindout3thefirstaidkits4(store)whentheyareneeded.Beingpreparedforanemergencyisvital,andawell-stocked(备货充足的)firstaidkitcanmakesurethatyouarereadyforemergenciesas5happen.Firstaidkitsareavailablereadymadeinmanydifferentshapesandsizes.Manypeoplefind_6convenienttobuyaready-madefirstaidkit,itsaveshavingtothink,7otherpeopleprefertomakeuptheirownfirstaidkitandbuythenecessaryitems8(individual).Evenifyoubuyaready-madefirstaidkit,however,you'vestillgottocheckitoutoccasionallyto:replaceanyitemswhichhavebeenusedreplaceanymedicationswhich9(become)outofdate♦stockuponpersonalizedmedication♦makesurethatthebatteriesstillworkintheflashlightTherearesomeitemswhlichmustbeincludedinyourfirstaidkitand10whicharemorepersonal.Thestuff(东西)youmustincludeare:…(Pleasefindouttheitemsonyourown.)助读词汇ready-madeadj.现成的medicationn.药物vitaladj.至关重要的occasionallyadv.偶尔；不定期地availableadj.可用的personalizedadj.个性化的flashlightn.手电筒atalltimes始终gohiking去远足outofdate过期的checkout核实stockupon置办6.4语法填其他体裁-2020年高考英语专题训练系列参考答案本文作者告诉我们核能/原子能的作用，将来它会成为人类取之不尽用之不竭的能源。its此处its指代Atomicenergy's。they此空显然缺少主语故填代词，they指代heandotherscientists。an不定冠词的基本用法，表“一个......(原子)”，atom是元音音素开头，故填an。(should)becontrolled空前的itwasalsonecessarythat句型后面要用虚拟语气。control在此作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态，energy与control显然存在被动关系，故填(should)becontrolled,should常省略。for常用搭配，usefulfor...意为"对......有用”。that此处是个so...that...结构，that引导结果状语从句。willbring此句it7(bring)intoourlives是个定语从句，修饰先行词greatchanges。bring在此从句中作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态。有前面的imagine可知此空应用一般将来时态。shortage形容词修饰名词。if此空后面是两个分句，故填连接词。if引导条件状语从句。tolast整句话是个虚拟语气句型。动词last在此是非谓语动词，用不定式作后置定语，修饰energy。本文简要讲述阿尔弗雷德•诺贝尔的一些轶事以及诺贝尔奖设立的历史和经过。an此空所在的语块是个同位语。不定冠词的基本用法，表“一个/一位......”，后的outstanding是元音音素开头，故填an。from语块2makingandsellingexplosives既不作主语也不作宾语或表语，故常填介词。from表"从......”，此外，从下文AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons也可推知答案。that此处that引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词只能用that，不能用which。Although/Though空后是两个分句，故此空肯定是填连接词。根据后面的hehatedwar可知，此处存在一个让步关系，故填Although或Though，引导让步状语从句。richest此题是非纯空格题，只需要考虑：动词、形容词或副词的比较等级、词类的转化。根据句意和oneofthe...不难推知应填最高级。as常用结构know...as...意为"把......称之为......”。as作为介词时，常意为“作为”。winners根据句子成分分析，此处缺少宾语，因此填名词。注意用复数。（有些考生常忘加复数）they此处缺少主语，故填代词。they指代winners。hadgiven整篇文章的主题时态是一般过去式ogive在此处作为谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态即可。根据文意可知，此处是讲诺贝尔对人类的贡献和影响，故用完成时最合适。（注意是过去完成时态）but空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据文意，此处显然存在一个转折关系，故填并列连词buto（三）本文介绍世界上拥有主权的最小国家一一梵蒂冈。With空后是名词，且此语块在句中不作主语、宾语或表语，常填介词。表有多少人口、多大面积”的介词短语结构常用with。注意首字母要大写。thesmallest从空后的intheworld可知此处应用最高级。basically副词修饰形容词walled，如：areallypowerfulcountry.that常用结构so...that...,that在此引导结果状语从句。but根据空前的maybesmall可知，此处显然存在一个转折关系。which此处which引导一个非限定性定语从句。wascreated括号内是个动词且作谓语，只需要考虑时态和语态。从空后的in1929可知用一般过去式。此外，主语TheVaticanCity和动词create明显存在被动关系。故填wascreated。Another短文前几段都是介绍梵蒂冈独特之处，此段再介绍另外一个独特的地方，需填不定代词another。注意首字母要大写。（高考规定需要大写的没大写，不给分）it分析句子成分可知，此处显然缺少主语。填it指代theVaticanCity。when空的前后分别是两个句子，故此空一定是填连接词。再根据句意，此处明显是个表时间的从句，故填when引导时间状语从句。语法填空分析答案要从两个角度着手：一是根据语法角度，二是根据文/句意角度。（四）本文介绍了英国的主要节假日。They此处缺少主语，肯定是填名词或代词，常是代词。填they指代前面的eightpublicholidays。注意首字母要大写。to固定搭配datebackto,意为“追溯到......”。when此处when引导定语从句，修饰先行词1871and1875。except根据背景知识可知，圣诞节（Christmas）和节礼日（BoxingDay）每年的时间都是固定的，再结合donotfallonthesamedateeachyear可知4Christmas（25December）andBoxingDay（26December）是要填一个表“除了......"的介词，故填except最合适。religious形容词修饰名词。havelost根据句意可知，此处强调结果，表"（已经）失去了……"，故填现在完成时最合适。切记：填最合适的答案。mostcommon根据下文Themostfamouscelebration可知，此处也应该是填最高级。a不定冠词的最基本用法，atoast意为“干杯，一同祝酒”。where此处where引导定语从句，修饰地点先行词TrafalgarSquare。and分析整个句子的句意和成分可知,abigcrowdisusuallygathered和someoneusuallyfallsintothefountain是两个存在联合或并列的分句，故填and为最佳。（五）本文简要介绍人类未来在健康、医学、教育和知识几个方面的变化。arepaying此空作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态。根据空前的now可知时态用现在进行时，语态是主动，主语是People，所以填arepaying。an由空前的ahealthydiet可知，不定冠词的基本用法，表“一个......”。what空的前后是两个分句，故一定是填连接词。句意：他们对他们吃的东西非常小心，而且有规律地做运动。根据句意应填what引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。successfully副词修饰动词。arecured此空作谓语，考虑时态和语态。时态是一般现在时，语态显然需要用被动。故填arecured，主语是复数名词diseases。but空的前后是两个分句填连接词。根据文意，此处显然存在转折关系，故填but。by通过什么手段和方式都是用介词by。whenever空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据空后的theyhavetimeandwherevertheymaybe.可知此处填whenever引导让步状语从句。we此处9viewlearningandknowledge是个定语从句，修饰先行词Theway。再分析句子成分可知，此从句缺少主语，故填代词。从前文Wecanstudyathome.和后文wewillbecome…可知此段的主体人称是第一人称，故填we符合语境。learners形容词lifelong（终身的）修饰名词。注意用复数。（六）通过想象，本文作者主要告诉我们未来的学习方式和学校的变化。because空的前后是两个分句，故肯定是填连接词。根据两句之间的关系，此处理应是填because引导原因状语从句。how空的前后也是两个分句，填连接词。句意：电脑将会改变孩子们如何学习、交流和娱乐。填how引导宾语从句，作change的宾语。the上文已经提到过Internet,此处再提应用定冠词，或者说表示特指。for习惯搭配，thereisnoneedfor...意为“再也不需要......”。society形容词性物主代词（our）后接名词。better此处是个非纯空格题，且括号内不是动词，故只需要考虑形容词副词的比较等级和此类的变化。根据文意，此处不难得知存在一个隐形比较等级，故填better。to习惯搭配beconnectedto意为"与......连接”。toshow分析句子成分可知，此空是个非谓语动词，故只需要考虑-ing,-ed,todo。此处显然是个动词不定式作后置定语，修饰websitesoit作代词，指代前面的technology。willchange此空作谓语，考虑时态和语态。根据前文Howwillthisbrand-newkindofschoolchange和Wearesurethat可推断出此处应该用一般将来时，语态是主动语态。故填willchange合适。（七）电子书和纸质书的优缺点。cheaper此篇文章是在电子书和纸质书之间进行对比，故此处存在一个隐形比较等级。故填cheaper。If空的后面是两个分句，故此处一定是填连接词。根据句意两个分句之间的关系可知，此处存在一个表条件的关系。故填If引导条件状语从句。注意首字母要大写。both分析句子成分可知...printedbooksande-books作主语。由空后的and可知，此处是both...and...结构。故填不定代词bothotoread此空read作非谓语。表“......具有某种特点”常用主动表被动。They此处缺少主语填代词，They指代前面的E-books。注意首字母要大写。leaving此处leave是个非谓语，逻辑主语E-books与leave是主动关系，故填leaving，现在分词短语作结果状语。at固定搭配，lookat以为“看......”。a不定冠词的基本用法，表“一本......”，novel是可数名词。weight分析句子成分可知，此空和后面的smell一起作为并列宾语，作宾语用名词。who分析句子成分和根据句意可知，此处显然是个定语从句。故填who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，并在从句中作主语。（八）本文主要向读者介绍了报纸的有关历史，让读者了解最早的报纸，发行量最大的报纸等。earliest根据本句后面的inRomein59BC和空前的The可推断出此处应该是指最早的每日报纸......，故填最高级。until由本句前面的didn't可知，此处是个not.unti