航海英语听力与会话参考答案

航海英语听力与会话口述题第1章一、口述题Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourhometown.请说关于你的家乡的某事Thegeographicalposition,population,andfeaturesofyourhometown你的家乡的地理位置、人口和特征。.Theenvironmentandcustomsofyour和你家乡的风俗情况。Thespecialtiesofyourhometown.你家乡有什么特别的MyhometownisinJIANGSU(江苏thesouthof长江ofChina.Thepopulationinmyhometownisabout500,000.Therearemanyriversinmyhometown.50万人。还有在我的家乡很多河流。Theenvironmentofmyhometownisverybeautiful.Thepeopleofmyhometownarekind-hearted.E.g.sometimestheywillinviteanewfriendtotheirhometohavedinnerwiththeirfamilies.民是善良的。例如：他们有时会邀请一位新朋友，他们回家后与家人共进晚餐。Thespecialtyinmyhometownisthatthepeopletastehot. 在我的家乡特色的是，人们都很热情。Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourself.请谈谈你自己。Yourname,age,rank,workingexperiences,hobbies.工作经验，爱好。Yourdailywork.您的日常工作。Yoursparetimeactivities.MynameisIamyearsold.IcomefromFJ(福建provinceofChina.NowIamaseniorstudentinXiamenJimeiUniversity.Myhobbiesareplayingcardsandlisteningmusic.BecauseIamastudent,somymaintaskisstudy.Inmyspare,Iplaycardsandlistenmusic,sometimesIplayfootballorbasketball.Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourfamily.Membersofyourfamily.Theiroccupations.C)Theirhobbiesandcharacteristics.Therearethreemembersinmyfamily,theyaremyparentsandI.Myfatherisaworker，mymotherisateacherandIamastudent.Myfatherlikestoplaycardsandmymotherlikestolistenmusic.Bothofmyparentsarekindly.Yourfavoriteportyouhavecalledat.a)Asimpleintroductionoftheport.Reasonswhyyoulikeit.Anythingspecialaboutit.MyfavoriteportIhavecalledatisShanghai.ShanghaiportisthelargestportinourcountryandShanghaiisabeautifulcity.TheNangJingroadiswidely,therearemanyshops.Ifyoucalltheport,Ithink,youwillgotoOutShore.AttheOutShore,youcanlooktheWangPUriverandvisitWangPupark.Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourresponsibilitiesonboard.Yourpositiononboard.yourdailyworkonboard.Yourdutiesonboard.Iamthethirdofficerworkinginthedeckdepartment.Asweknow,thethirdofficerisresponsibletothemasterfortheproperperformanceofhisassignedbridgewatchstandingandnavigationalduties.Onboard,myfirstdailyworkiswathckeepingfrom8to12andfrom20to24.myseconddailyworkisinchargeofthemaintanceofthefire-fightingequipmentandlife-savingequipment.Thethird,Iamalsoresponsibleforfireandboatdrills,Ihavetodesignamusterlistandmakecrewtoknowthebestescaperouteclearly.yourdateofbirth?Mydateofbirthison6th,August,1987.yourbooknumber?Myseaman’sbooknumberis123456789.whereareyoufrom?IcomefromChina.yourcaptain’snationality.OurnationalityisChina.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantthingonboard?Ithinkthemostimportantthingonboardissafety.Whichportsdoyouoftencallat?WeoftencallatXiamenport.WhatisyourfavoriteTVprogram?MyfavoriteTVprogramissporsnew.whatisyourfavoritewebsite?MyfavoriteWebsiteisYahoo.whatisyourfavoritedayoftheweek?Why?Myfavoritedayoftheweekistoday,becausetodayismybirthday.whatisyourfavoritekindofmovie?Myfavoritekindofmovieislovingstory.whatisyourfavoritekindofmusic?Myfavoritekindofmusicispopularmusic.whatisyourfavoritemagazine?MyfavoritemagazineisReader.Whatisthepopulationofyourhometown?Thepopulationofmyhometownis123456.whatisthepopulationofyourcountry?Thepopulationofmycountryis123456789.whatisthebestthingaboutyourhometown?Thebestthingaboutmyhometownistheclearrivers.Whatistheworstthingaboutyourhometown?Theworstthingaboutmyhometownisthebadweather.Whasyourhometownlike?Myhometownisverybeautiful.Doyouhavemanydisastersinyoucountrywhicharecausedbyweather?No,thereisalittledisasterinmycountry.WhatsportsdoyouliketowatchonTV?IliketowatchbasketballonTV.WhatdoyouthinkisthemostpopularsportintheIthinkthefootballisthemostpopularsportintheworld.ChartertwoSaysomethingabouthowtoapplyforradiopratique.Yourparticularsandvoyagebriefs.Crewmembers’healthcondition,cargoinformationandship’ssanitaryconditionatpresent.Somecertificatesrelatingtoquarantineinspection.MyshipnameisUntope.MycallsignisABCD.Thelengthofmyshipis123meters,thebreadthis23metersandmydraftis9meters.ThisvoyagewewillShanghai.Thereare23crewmembersandonpassengersonboard.TheyareallChineseandingoodhealth.Inthiswehaveloaded12345drybulkcargoes.Thesanitaryofourshipisingoodcondition.Thequarantineofficerwillaskinoculationcertificate,maritimedeclarationhealth,derattingcertificateandsoon.Describetherequirementsonshipsseaworthinessintermsofcertificatesandpaperswhichneedtobecarriedonboard.Listmajorcertificatesonboardanddescribetheirparticulars.Categorizethosecertificates(classcertificates,statutorycertificates).Themanagementofthosecertificates.CargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate.Thiscertificateshowsthattheconditionofthestructure,machinery,andequipmentwassatisfactoryandtheshipcompliedwiththerelevantrequirementsoftheConvention.(2)CargoShipsafetyradioCertificate.Thiscertificateshowstheshiphavecompliedwiththerequirementsofradioinstallations.(3)MinimumSafetyManningCertificate.Thisistocertifythattheshipwillbeconsideredtobesafetymannedprovidedthatshehasnotlessthannumbersandgradesofpersonnelshowninthiscertificate.(4)InternationalTonnageCertificate.Thisshowsthemaindimensions,grosstonnageandnettonnage.(5)InternationalLoadLineCertificate.ThisshowsthefreeboardshavebeenassignedandloadlinesshownabovehavebeenmarkedinwiththeConvention.Describetheshipboardcustomsformalities.Themaindutiesofthecustomsofficers.Preparationsbeforecustomsofficers.Yourexperiencesyouhaveeverhadwithcustomsofficers.Themaindutiesofthecustomsofficersaretocheckallmatersonboard,cargoes,wineorspirits,cigarettesandnoticethattherules.Beforethecustomsofficersonboard,thecaptainshouldpreparethefollowingdocuments:thecaptain’sdeclaration;theimportcargomanifest,crewlist,storesandprovisionslist,lastportclearanceandsoon.Ihavealittleexperienceswithcustomsofficers,whentheycomeonboard,crewmembersshallstayonboard,eachcrewmembercanleaveabout1bottleofwineand10packetsofcigarettesforconsumption. Theothersmustbesealedthebondedstore.Describetheshipboardimmigrationformalities.Themaindutiesoftheimmigrationofficers.Preparationsbeforeimmigrationofficers.Yourexperiencesyouhaveeverhadwithimmigrationofficers.ThemaindutiesoftheimmigrationofficersaretocheckthepersonsonTheywanttoknowhowmanycrewmembersandpassengersareonboard.Theyalsowanttoknowwheretheshipcomefromandwhenshewillleave.Togothroughimmigrationformalities,thecaptainshouldpreparecrewlistsandpassengerslists.Thecaptainshouldmusterallhandssothattheofficerscancheckup.Inmyexperiences,whentheimmigrationofficerscomeonboard,wehavebeenmusteredinthesaloonexpectthosecrewonduty.Theycheckusonebyone,thentheyissuelandingpermitsforus.Onthebackofthelandingpermits,themostimportantharborregulationsareprinted.Theyalsotellustogotheregulationsbeforewegoshoreandtoobservetherules.Describetheshipboardquarantineformalities.Themaindutiesofthequarantineofficers.Preparationsbeforequarantineofficers.Yourexperiencesyouhaveeverhadwithquarantineofficers.Themaindutiesofthequarantineofficersaretocheckifthereareanyepidemiconboard.Theywillaskwhereisouroriginalport,whenweleavehomeport,whatisourlastportofcall. Thequarantineofficerswillalsoaskinoculationmaritimedeclarationofhealth,derattingcertificateandsoon.Beforethequarantineofficerscomeonboard,thecaptainshouldprepareship’sparticularsandcertificates.Thecrewmembersshouldkeepshipcleanandnet.Inmyexperiences,whenthequarantineofficerscomeonboard,theywillaskforvaccinationcertificates,ifthereareanyepidemiconboard.thevalidityoftheCargoShipsafetyEquipmentCertificate?Fiveyears.Whatflagshouldbehoistedwhenavesselrequiresquarantineinspection?Qlittleflagshouldbehoisted.Canashipenteraforeignportbeforequarantineinspection?Noitcan’t.WhymustthecustomsofficerssealtheBondedstore?Inordertoavoidsmuggle.Pleaselist5certificates?CargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate.(2)CargoShipsafetyradioCertificate.(3)MinimumSafetyManningCertificate.(4)InternationalTonnageCertificate.(5)InternationalLoadLineCertificate.(6)CargoShipSafetyEquipmentCertificate.(7)InternationalOilPollutionPreventionCertificate.(8)deratingCertificateandsoon.Arecigarettesandliquorexemptedfromcustomsduties?No,theyarenot.Howcanthecaptaindowiththeshorepassesbeforeleavingaport?Togoclearanceformalities.Whichcertificateprescribesgeneralrequirementsforthefunctionsradiotelegraphyinstallationforlifeboatonboard?TheSafetyRadioCertificateWhichcertificatespecifiesthefreeboardassignment?InternationalLoadLineCertificate.Whichdocumentdemonstratesashipbeinginafitandefficientconditionandclassed?CargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate.Ifyourshipneedsprovisionsand/orreplenishment,howdoyougetTosentalistofprovisionsandreplenishmentweneedtoouragent,hewillbuythem.Whatdocumentsshouldyoushowwhenyougothroughthecustomsformalities?StoresandprovisionslistWhoissuestheshorepassestothecrewmemberswishingtogoashore?Theimmigrationofficer.Charter3Describetheresponsibilitiesasawatchofficerwhiletheshipisatanchor?Regularoperationsforanchorwatch.Emergencyhandingincaseofdragging.Conclusion.Asanofficeronwatchatanchor,heshouldchecktheanchorpositionatregular,heshouldkeepproperlook-outtoo.Incase,ifthewatchofficerfindstheshipisdragging,hemustdropanotheranchororslackawaychainsandnotifythecaptaininform.Whentheshipisatanchor,theofficeronwatchshouldkeepsharplookoutatalltime.DescribetheproperwayofusingVHFHowtooperateVHF?GeneralrulesofusingVHF.RulesofsuingVHFchannel16.WhenyouoperateVHF,youshouldcomplytheradioregulations. Ifyouwanttospeak,youshouldpushthekey,andifyouwanttolisten,youshouldslackthekey.ThegeneralrulesofusingVHFareasfollows:(1) callingonchannel16forthepurposeotherthandistressurgencyandverybriefsafetycommunication;(2)communicationnotrelatedtosafetyandnavigationonportoperationchannels;(3)non-essentialtransmissions;(4)theimportantmessagesshouldbe repeat;(5)thefirst3Thepreparationsfromtheengineroom.Thepreparationsfromthedeck.Atthebridge,theOOWshouldturnontheradar,openthedoorsandwindowsandnotifythecaptain.Thequartermastershouldchangeturnthesteeringgearandsetifonmanualpilotundertheofficer. TocommunicatewiththeportbyVHFandreporttheETD,ifneeds,requireapilot.Testthewhistleandthemainengine.Theengineroomshouldstandbythemain engineunderthebridgeorder, thebridgetelegraph,clockandrudderindicatorwiththebridge.Thedeckhandsshouldpreparepilotladder,closethehatchcovers,standbyanchorandstationonforeandaft.5.Describetheproceduresofpilot-age.Thepreparationsfromthebridge.Thepreparationsfromtheengineroom.Thepreparationsfromthedeck.Atthebridge,theOOWshouldturnontheradarandnotifythecaptain.ThemunicatewiththepilotstationbyVHFandreporttheETAorETD.Theengineroomshouldstandbythemainengineunderthebridgeorder,checkthebridgetelegraphandrudderindicatorwiththebridge.Thedeckhandsshouldpreparepilotladder,prepareahandropeandalifebuoy.Intheevening,alightshouldbeneeded.Canyoulistatleastthreemooringlines?NO,Ican’t. /headline,springline,aftline,breastline.Whatshouldbepreparedbeforethepilotcomesonboard?Apilotladder,ahandropeandalifebuoyshouldbepreparedbeforethepilotcomesonboard.Whatisthemaximumspeedthroughthewaterthatyourshipcanwithoutriskingbreakingthecable?3knots.Whatflagshouldbehoistwhenavesselrequiresapilot?TheHletterflagshouldbehoistwhenavesselrequiresapilot.Howcanashipgetintouchwithaportbeforeherarrival?ByVHFonchannel16or.workingchannelWhatshisparticularswillpilotstationusuallyaskfor?Theship’slength,draft,tonnagesandsoon.Whatshouldbereportedtothepilotstation?Theship’sposition,ETA,length,draft.Whatshouldbeconfirmedfromthepilotstation?Whenthepilotwillcomeonboard,whichsidethepilotladdershouldbeprepared.WhenthevesselenterstheVTSarea,whatisrequestedtoreport?Theship’sname,callsign,thepurpose.Whatdoes“foulanchor”mean?Thetwoanchorchainsarecrossingoroneanchorschainsiscrossingbythings.Ifyouareordered“Standbybothengines!”howshouldyoureplyreport?Iwillreply:Standbybothengines!Andreport:Bothenginesarestandby!Canyoulistthreefamouscanalsintheworld?Yes,therearePanama-canal,suze-canalandgeal-canal.Whenyourequestthereceivertoremainonchannel16incommunication,whatdoyouStandbyonchannel16.HowdoyourectifythemistakeinmarineVHFcommunication?Firstspeak:mistake,thenspeaktherightmessages.Howdoyouemphasizetheimportantpartofamessageinmaritimecommunication?Firstspeak:repeat,thenspeakthemessageagain.whatdoes“abandonvessel”mean?Itmeansthattheshipisinverydangerousconditionandthecrewandpassengersmustbeleavetheshipatonce.whatdoestheabbreviationETDstandfor?ItisstandforExpectedtimeofdeparture.whatdoes“dredgingofanmean?Itisoneofusingmanoeuvreanchoring,usuallydropananchorabout2-3shacklesinwater,thentheshipwillproceedingslowwiththeanchor.whatdoes“underway”mean?Itmeansthatavesselisnotatanchor,ormadefasttotheshore,oraground.whatdoes“draggingofananchor”mean?Afteranchoring,buttheanchorisnotbringupandtheshipmoving.Charter4Describetheproceduresofcarryingdangerouscargoonboard.Theacquisitionofinformationaboutthedangerouscargo.Precautiononloadinganddischarging.Maintenanceduringthevoyage.Whatname,IMO-Class,packageofthedangerouscargoesare.Thesealsoshouldbenoticedtostevedores.ThechiefofficershouldmakeastowageplanaccordingtotheBefore loading or dischargingdangerous cargoes,the officersshould tellstevedoreshowtostoworleavethecargoes,wheretheyarestowedandhowtosegregationthem.HoistedletterBflagandapprovedbytheharbormaster. thespot,noticeNOWhenavesselcarryingdangerouscargoes,thecarriershouldtakecareofdangerouscargoes.Tocontrolthetemperatureandventilationduringthevoyage.Describetheprecautionbeforeenteringanenclosedspace.Thepotentialdangersinanenclosedspace.Thenormalprocedures.Theimportantprecautions.Thepotentialdangersinanenclosedspacearelackofoxideandhavingdangerousgas.Thepersonwhoentersanenclosedspacemaylosshislifeorcausepoisonorotherdangers.Whenyouwanttoenteranenclosedspace,thefirstyoushouldventilatethespace,thesecondyoushouldnoticechiefofficerorothers,thethirdyoushouldtestthemountoftheoxideanddangerousgasintheenclosedspace.Ifanydoubt,shouldputonself-breathappliances.Theimportantprecautionsareventilation,anothercrewstandby.Describetheproceduresofcargostowage.Theacquisitionofinformationaboutthecargotobecarried.Theprinciplesandconsiderationsonnavigationsafety.Themodificationofstowageplan.Whatname,IMO-Class,packageofthedangerouscargoesare.Thesealsoshouldbenoticedtostevedores.Thechiefofficeralsoaskhowmanytonsofdangerouscargoeswillbecarried.Before loading or dischargingdangerous cargoes,the officersshould tellstevedoreshowtostoworleavethecargoes,wheretheyarestowedandhowtosegregationthem.HoistedletterBflagandapprovedbytheharbormaster. thespot,noticeNOThecarriershouldtakecareofthedangerouscargoes.Tocontrolthetemperatureandventilateduringthevoyage.Whenavesselcarryingdangerouscargoes,ThechiefofficershouldmakestowageplanaccordingtotheIfanymodificationofstowageplan,thismustbenoticedtothechiefofficerandbeapprovedbythechiefofficer.Describetheactionstobetakenincaseofanoilspillonboard.TheinitialresponsesTtheactionsfollowingupaccordingtotheSOREP(划)onboard.Theprecautionstobetaken.Theinitialresponseincaseofanoilspillissentoilspillingsignal,noticetheterminationnottopumpoil.Accordingtothe SOREP, thefirststepisstoppumpoil,thenclosethevalvesandalldeckdrainages.Thethirdistohandlethespillingoilwithabsorbentmaterialsorothermeans.Tostoppumpoilisanimportantmatter.Toclosethevalvesandalldeckdrainagesaremustbedone.Describehowtoensureaproperstowageforgeneralcargo.Generalfactorstobetakenintoaccountincargostowage.Specialconsiderationsforcargostowage.Thetermstowagefactormeansthecargo’svolumebeendividedbyitsweight.Itisveryimportant.Fromit,wecancalculatehowmanycargoescanbecarried.Forexample,ifonecapacityis12000cubicmetersandakindofstowagefactoris1.5cubicmetersperton,wecalculatethatshipcancarrythecargo8000tonsinweight.Ofcourse,theshipnetdeadweightisequalorbigger8000tons.Whenweusecargo’sstowagefactortocalculatesship’scapacity,wemustconsiderthebrokenspaceandship’snetdeadweight.Wealsoshouldconsiderthathowmanyholdstheshiphasandthekindsofcargo.Asususually,wearrangethesecargo,whichhassmallstowagefactor,inlowhold,andthosecargo,whichhasbigstowagefactor,inthetween-deck.HowmanyclassesofdangerousgoodsarethereaccordingtotheCode?Canyoulistsome?TherearenineclassesofdangerousgoodsaccordingtotheIMDGCode.TheyareExplosives,Gases,Inflammableliquids,Inflammablesolids,Oxidizingsubstancesandorganicperoxides,Poisonousandinfectioussubstances,Radioactivesubstances,CorrosivesubstancesandMiscellaneousdangeroussubstances.Whatkindofcargoisclassifiedasflammablecargo?Ifthecargoiseasytoflame,forexample,ifoneliquidclosedcupflashisless61centigrade,wewillclassitasflammablecargo—inflammableliquids.Pleasedescribethegeneralnatureofgeneralcargo.Thegeneralcargoisusuallypackedandindifferentkinds.Eachissmall.Pleasedescribethegeneralnatureofbulkcargo?Thebulkcargoisusuallyunpackedandtheshipcarriesoneofbulkcargoinavoyage.Whatkindofcargoiscanvas吊货帆布袋)slingsuitableforlifting?Generalcargo,e.g.bagsofgrain,rice,coffeeWhatkindofcargoischainsling吊货链)suitableforlifting?Heavyslenderarticlese.g.ironrails,logs.Whatkindofcargoisnetsling（吊货网）suitableforlifting?Smallpackages,mailWhatdoestheabbreviationCOWstandfor?COWstandsforcrudeoilwashing.Whatdoes“jettisonofcargo”mean?Dropcargooutofshissidefromthedeck.Whatdoes“compatibilityofgood（相容性货物”mean?Ifdifferentkindscanbestowtogetherandnodamage,wewillsaytheyarecompatibility.WhatdoestheabbreviationSWLstandfor?SWLstandforsafeworkingload.Whatdoes“shiftingcargo”mean?Removecargofromoneplacetoanotheronavessel.Whatdoes“Unionpurchase”mean?Usingtwoderrickstogethertoloadordischargecargoes.Whatpreparationsshallbedonebeforeloadingcargo?Openhatchcovers.Innightpreparehatchlights.Whatistheloadingcapacityofyourvessel?ItexpresshowmanycargocanbecarriedinourvesselWhatcargohandlinggearandequipmentdoesyourvesselhave?Ourvesselhasthreecranesandtwounionpurchase.Whatcanbeusedtoremove地脚货，溢出量）?Emptybagsorholdtoremovespillage.Whatshallbeensuredbeforeenteringtheenclosedspace?Whethertheenclosedspacehasenoughoxideandnodangerousgas.Pleaselistsomecargopapers?Billoflading,manifest,stowageplan,loadinglist,andsoon.Whatmustyouwearwhenyouenteranenclosedspace?Self-breathappliance.Charter5Describethedutiesofwatch-keepingwhenunderway.Generalrulesastowatch-keeping.Itemstobecheckedandmonitoredeachwatch.Specialattentionforbridgewatch-keeping.Whenyouareonwatch-keeping,youwillberesponsibletothemasterfortheproperperformanceofhisassignedbridgewatchstandingandnavigationalduties.Whentheshipisunderway,thechiefofficerwillbeondutyduring4to8and16-20;thesecondofficerwillbeondutyduring0-4and12-16;thethirdofficerwillbeondutyduring8-12and20-24.Ateachwatch,theofficersonwatchshouldchecktheshippositionsatleast4times,changethesteeringgearfromauto-pilottomanual-pilot1time.Theycheckcourse,speed,andtheweathercondition,navigationalequipmentsconditions.Theofficersdutyspotisatthebridge,theyshouldkeepsharplook-outatalltime.Theycandonothingexpectlook-outandtakeproperavoidingactions.Usuallytheyshouldpatrolthewholeshiponceawatchatnightforavoidfireorotherunnormalthingshappened.Describethebridgeshiftchange.Theconditionswhichmustbesatisfiedbeforetakingoverabridgewatch.Theproceduresforshiftchange.SpecialattentionforshiftchangeShiftingchangeisveryimportantforthesafetyofaship.Whenaofficergoestothebridgefortakingoverforduty,hemustknowthepresentcourse,speed,position,andmustbesatisfiedthesituationofotherverywhicharenear.Therelievingofficershouldgotothebridge15minutesadvance.Firstly,heshouldgethabittothesighting,especiallyinthenight.Secondly,heshouldasktherelievedtheofficersomething,suchasshipcourse,speed,position.Thirdly,heshouldgointothechartroomto checktheconditions.Atnightheshouldreadandsignthenightorder.Thechangeofconnmustbeclearlystatedandloggednotingtheactualtimethatittookplace.Therelievingofficermustsignthenightorderbooktoindicateunderstandingofthemaster’sorders.Describethediffereanarrowchannel.Therulesinnavigatinginatrafficseparationscheme.Themajordifferencesintermsoftechnicalnavigation.Ifyouareadrivenpowervesselandyouareproceedingalongthecourseofnarrowchannel,youshallkeepasneartotheouterlimitofthechannelwhichliesonyourstarboardsideasissafeandpracticable.Youshallavoidcrossachannelandanchorinachannel.Ifyouareadrivenncesbetweennavigatinginanarrowchannelandintrafficseparationscheme.a)Therulesinnavigatinginpowervesselandyouareusingatrafficseparationscheme,youshallproceedintheappropriatetrafficlaneinthegeneraldirectionoftrafficflowforthatlaneYoushallavoidcrosslaneandanchorinlane,trafficlineorseparationzone.Intrafficseparationscheme,therearetrafficlineorseparationzone,butinnarrowchannelnot.Describeadvantagevarioustoolsortechnologiesforproperlookout.Thefeaturesofradarobservation.Theadvantagesofvisuallookout.Thecorrectusesofvarioustoolsortechnologies.Everyvesselshallatalltimesmaintain aproperlookoutbysightandhearingaswellasbyallavailablemeansappropriateintheprevailingcircumstancesconditionssoastomakeafullappraisalofthesituationandoftheriskofcollision,Thefeaturesofradarobservationareasfollows:(1)limitationsoftheradarequipment,smallvessels,iceandotherfloatingobjectsmaynotbydetectedbyradaratanadequaterange;;(2)imposedbytheradarrangescaleinuse;Weatherandothersourcesofinterference;(3)the moreexactassessmentofthevisibilitythatmaybepossiblewhenradarisusedtodeterminetherangeofvesselsorotherobjectsinthevicinity.Theadvantagesofvisuallookoutareasfollows:(1)Itisthebasedmeansoflookingout;(2)thesituationcanbereadilyapparent,andsoon.Therearemanytoolsandtechnologiestobeusedinlook-out,forexample,whenyouusearadar,youshouldswitchtheradarstandbyfirst,thenyoushouldproperadjustit,includerange,tuning,gain,contrast,anti-cluttersea,anti-clutterrain.Youcandetectedthebearinganddistanceofaobjectwithradar.Describethepreparationtobedonebytheresponsibilityofpriortoarrival.Generalintroductionoftheresponsibilityofdeckdepartmentpre-arrivalsituation.Preparationstobedonepriortoarrival.Thechiefofficeristheheadofthedeckdepartment. Heisassistedbyasecondofficer,athirdofficer,abosun,acarpenter,andsomeAB.Thechiefisresponsibleforcaringcargo,forexample,makingstowageplanning,holdsloading,stowage,discharging.Thesecondofficerisresponsibleforwatchpertaining to navigation publications and equipment. The third officer responsibleforwatchdutiespertainingtofire-fightingappliancesandlife-savingappliancesandmaintenance.Theareallassignedtobridgetobeproperperformancewatchstandingandnavigationalduties.Thechiefofficerisresponsibletothemasterfortheoperation,administration,andsupervisionofthedeckdepartmentThechiefofficer,carpenterand2-3ABareassignedtotheforestation.Andthesometime,thesecond,bosunand2-3ABareassignedtotheaftstation.Theyshouldpreparetomastfastlines.Thethirdisatthebridge,hisdutyistocarryouttheororderWhyisitimportanttosoundfogsignals?Infog,thevisibilityispoor,bysoundingfogsignals,youwillhearothervesselsorbehearbyothervesselsvicinity.Whenwouldyousoundthegeneralalarm?Whenourshipisonfire,orspillingoil,orbeingdrilling.WhenshouldanOOWnotifythemasterimmediatelyforemergencyship-handlingorcomplicatednavigation?Pleaselistsome.PoorVisibility,failuretomakealandfallornavigationalsightingattheexpectedtime,anytimethewatchofficerisindoubtoftheposition,andsoon.HowdoestheOOWassessriskofcollisiongenerally?Iftheobjectcompassofanapproachingvesseldoesnotappreciablychange,itwillbedeemedtoexistsuchrisk.Howshouldtherelievingofficerbehaveincaseabridgemanoeuvretookplacebuthasnotbeenover?Toreportittothecaptainimmediatelyandlogged.Listthemainitemstobeupdatedonthepilot航路资料)?Chart,pilotbook,listoflights,tidetable,mariner’shandbook.Besidesthecollisionrisks,whatelseshouldyoumonitoronwatchinport?Keeptheshiponthecourse.HowdoyouknowtheVHFchannelstobemonitoredwhenleavingport?Fromthe“GuidetoPortEntry”.WhatshouldthemasterexpectfromtheOOWonarrivingatthebridge?Theship’ssituation,speed,courseandothersafetyconditions.Whoshouldbeinattendancewhenapilotisontheladder?Thethirdofficerandasailor.Whenwouldyouinstructalookouttoassistyouonthebridge?WhenIamthefirsttimeasaofficeronthebridge.Whateffectwillthegeneralalarmhaveonallcrew?Bellalarm.Whyisrecordkeepinganecessarypartofwatchkeeping?Becausewatchkeepingisveryimportant.Apartfromthosenavigationsafety,whatelseshouldyoudoonanwatch?Checktheanchorposition.Howwouldyouconveniently(方便地checkthecompasserrorinpilotagewaters?Bycompassflare,orcommunicatewiththepilotstation.whasthenameofyourvesselandcallsign?Mynameisdongfanhong(东方)色， mycallsignisABCD.Whatisyourflagstate?China.Whatisyourposition?Mypositionisat……（bearing123o,distance5’fromAlighthouse）Whatisyourpresentcourseandspeed?Courseon1230,speedat15’.WhatisyourETAatpilotstation?1234localtime.WhatisyourETDfromtheport?1234localtime.Whatisyourdraftforeandaft?Mydraftisfore8meters,andaft9meters.Whatisyourfreeboard?Myfreeboardis2meters.Whatisyourairdraft?Myairdraftis15meters.Areyouunderway.Yes,Iamunderway.Whatisyourfullspeed?Myfullspeedis15’.doyoucarryanydangerouscargo?No,Idon’tcarryanydangerouscargo.Doyouhaveanylist?Yes,Iamlistingtostarboardside.Areyouonevenkeel?No,Iamtrimedbystern.Howwasyourpositionobtained?FromradarandGPS.Isyourradarinoperation?Yes,myradarisinoperation.Charter6Describertheformalitiesbeforecarryingoutashisrepair.Thenecessityofcarryingoutarepair.Theformalitiesbeforearepairbegin.Specialattentionpaidtotherepair.Thereasonsofcarryingoutarepairareasfollows.(1)Themostofvesselsaremadeofsteel,theyareeasydeterioratedandcorroded.(2)Thedeckequipmentsmaybedamaged.(3)Thevesselsshouldbeensuredmaintainoutwardpresentableappearance.(3)Inordertoensurethatthevesselsareinseaworthiness,safetyandpropertotakeincargo.Beforeashiprepairbegins,thechiefofficershouldmakearepairplan.Intherepairplan,heshouldstatewhatshouldberepaired,howtorepairthem.Ofcourse,therepairplanmustbeallowedbythecaptainandthecompany.Arepairisdividedintokinds.Forexample,itisdividedintominorrepairandmajorrepair;selfrepairanddockrepair;voyagerepairandannualrepair;periodicalrepairandintermediaterepair.Thespecialattentionispaidtotherepairareasfollows:(1)Whatcanbeputintovoyagerepair,selfrepair.(2)Whereplatesshouldbechanged.(3)Whatmaterialsshouldbeneeded.(4)Howtocompletetherepair.Describetheproceduresofcarryingou