国际结算课件(国贸、外语)

Internationalsettlement国际结算经贸学院国际贸易系朱启松课程要求双语课熟悉相关术语的英文表达考试要求缺课30%取消考试资格平时成绩：20%（考勤15%+发言5%）期末成绩：80%50%左右客观题：英文题目50%左右主观题：中文题目Chapter1Introduction1.ConceptWhatissettlement?(1)anagreementordecisionendinganargumentorquestion为解决争端达成的协议

(2)apaymentofmoneyclaimed结算

types*Internationalsettlementvsclearing（清算）*Internationaltradesettlementvsinternationalnon-tradesettlement*现汇贸易结算vs记账贸易结算

Internationalsettlement

transferoffunds（资金划拨，无形贸易）servicesprovided（服务贸易，无形贸易）salesofgoods（货物贸易，有形贸易）

SellerclaimBuyerpaymentbank结算工具instrument结算方式paymentmethods金融票据商业单据：汇票、本票、支票：发票、提单、保险单装箱单、仓单、商检证等：汇款、托收、信用证、保函、保理、包买票据2.课程内容以支付一定金额为目的支付工具商业上的权利凭证/履约证明Whatarethecostsofeachmethodoffinancingandpayment?Etc...Keyissuesininternationalsettlement:

Whobearsthecreditrisks?Whofinancesthetransaction?Whowillbeartransportationcostsandrisks?Inwhatcurrencywillpaymentbemade?Whatarethepoliticalandlegalrisks?

3.Characteristicsofinternationalsettlement

国际结算的特征一、按照国际惯例进行国际结算

InternationalrulesICC(non-officialorganization)UCP600InternationalrulesICC(non-officialorganization)

?rules=laws

二、使用可兑换货币进行

ConvertiblecurrencyUSDEURGBPJPYHKD

三、实行“推定交货”（symbolicdelivery)Tradeterm

出现“物权凭证”(titledocument）海运提单(billsoflading)

DevelopmentofinternationalsettlementCashsettlementnon-cashsettlemntCOD(cashondelivery)Directsettlementindirectsettlement国际结算支付清算系统概述PaymentsystemClearingsystem

FEDWIRE(FederalReservesWireTransferSystem)CHIPS(ClearingHouseInterbankPaymentSystem)

CHAPS(ClearingHouseAutomatedPaymentSystem)

SWIFT(SocietyforWorldwideInternationalFinancialTelecommunications)

Chapter2

FinancialInstruments（国际结算中的金融工具）

1.

thecharacteristicsandconceptofinstruments

(1)non-causativenature无因性Cause:assets/valueTherightofholder:independent

1.

thecharacteristicsandconceptofinstruments

(2)requisiteinform要式性Form:accordingtointernationalrulesandcompleteExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00Chongqing,10April,2012At90daysaftersightpaytotheorderofCthesum

ofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBForA(signature)

1.

thecharacteristicsandconceptofinstruments

(3)Negotiability流通性BillofexchangeBill/Draft/Exchangeanunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyoneparty(drawer)toanother(drawee),signedbythepartygivingit,requiringthepartytowhomitisaddressedtopayondemand,oratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoney,toortotheorderofaspecifiedparty(payee),ortothebearer.2.MainpartiesofBillofExchangeDrawerDrawee(payor)DrawonAandBAorBFirstAthenB

PayeePayabletoAandBtoAorBfirstAthenBAbillAbillisdrawnbyusonyoupayabletothem.drawerdraweePayee3.Requisiteforms

EssentialsofabillofexchangeTheword”Exchange”AnunconditionalorderinwritingAsumcertainmoneyNameandAddressofthedraweeNameorentityofthepayeeDateandplaceofissueDrawer’ssignature(s)TenorAcceptable?Abillshows:paytoMarythesumoffiftyUSdollarsandgiveherasuitofclothes.Acceptable?Abillshows:paytoABCCo.thesumoftwentythousandUSdollarsonconditionthatshipmentofgoodshasbeenmade.Acceptable?Abillshows:payfromourNo.2accounttoABCCo.thesumoftwentythousandUSdollars.Acceptable?Abillshows:paytotheorderofABCCo.thesumoffiftyUSdollarsplusinterest.acceptable?Abillshows:AtsightpaytotheorderofBankofChinathesumoftwentythousandUSdollarsdrawnunderL/CNo.12345issuedbyXYZBankNewYorkdatedon15August2003.Conditionalorunconditional?Abillshows:paytoABCCo.ororderthesumoftwentythousandUSdollarsanddebitourNo.2account.Abillshows:debitourNo.2account.paytoABCCo.ororderthesumoftwentythousandUSdollars.kindsoftenorforbillsBillspayableatsightorondemandBillspayableatdeterminablefuturetimeeg.payableat30daysafter(from)sightpayableat30daysaftershipmentdatepayableat30daysafterdate

Billspayableonafixedfuturetimeeg.payableat4,June,2013BillspayableatdeterminablefuturetimeTheword“after”willbeunderstoodtoexcludethedatementioned.Theword“from”willbeunderstoodtoincludethedatementioned.Abillispayableat××daysaftersightThematurityofonemonthafter31Jan.is28Feb.Thematurityoftwomonthsafter28Febis28Apr.Thematurityof180daysafter4Apr.is?5.Actofbillofexchange（票据行为）（1）draw（出具）Issuesign（签字）deliver（交付）Legaltitle:drawerpayee5.Actofbillofexchange（票据行为）(2)Endorsementsign(back)(negotiation)deliverWhohastherighttoendorse?Payee/holder（债权人）/endorseeActofbillofexchange（票据行为）(3)presentmentforpayment(claim)foracceptanceholderdraweeACCEPTED10April,2012tomature9June,2012PayableatBankofMelbourne,MelbourneForImportingCo.MelbournesignatureActofbillofexchange（票据行为）（4）payment(sightdraft)

induecoursehonoracceptance(timedraft)draweepayee

noticeofdishonor:holderdrawerdishonorprotest(拒付证书):authorizedorganizationrecourse（追索)：holderpriorpartydrawer4.OtherpartiesinB/EHolderforvalue(付对价持票人）Holderinduecourse/bonafideholder（正当或善意持票人）通过正当转让得到票据持票人图例drawerdraweepayee

ABCDEFG

giftfoundforvaluegift

holderholderwrongfulholderinholderforvalueforvaluepossessorduecourseforvalue案例：善意持票人的法律权利

---案情介绍进口商：我A公司出口商：新加坡B公司USD7,000,000.00可以分批装运第一批：USD600,000.00已付清鉴于A公司资金困难，B公司提出：A可对B开立远期汇票（1yearaftersight),BankofChina承兑后B公司发货。B公司取得已承兑的汇票后在BankofAmerica贴现后消逝。案例：善意持票人的法律权利

---问题Onmaturity:

BankofAmericaclaimedonBankofChina

BankofChina:reimburseornot?案例：善意持票人的法律权利

---结论票据的无因性：票据法律关系一旦形成，即与基础关系分离，票据关系的存在和有效与否并不对善意持票人的票据权利产生影响。B实际是否交货、A在BankofChina资金状况都不影响BankofAmerica对承兑人的claim.

票据法律关系按照票据法规定解决；票据基础关系按照民法解决Chapter3instrumentsPromissoryNoteisanunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyoneperson(themaker)toanother(thepayee)signedbythemakerengagingtopayondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetimeasumcertaininmoneytoortotheorderofaspecifiedpersonorbearer.Chapter3instruments

PromissoryNote（本票）本票的定义《英国票据法》关于本票的定义是：本票是一个人向另一个人签发的，保证于见票时或定期或在可以确定的将来时间，对某人或其指定人或持票来人无条件支付一定金额的书面付款承诺.本票的特点与汇票相比，本票具有以下特点：----promisevsorder----2partiesvs3parties----noacceptance----onecopyvsoneset本票的种类和用途

本票通常可以在以下交易和经济活动中使用：远期付款的商品贸易，或是结合买方信贷的资本货物交易；金钱借贷的凭证；对外筹集资金；银行办理汇款业务，或向大额提款客户开出本票以代替现钞。对本票而言，有如下几个分类，其中最常用也最重要的是商业本票和银行本票。1、商业本票（PromissoryNote）。有即期和远期之分。2、银行本票（Cashier’sOrder/Check）。银行多签发即期本票。3、国际汇票（OverseasMoneyOrder）4、旅行支票（Traveller’sCheck）本票运用实例Exporter:ABCCo.NorwayBankofNorwayImporter:DEFCo.BeijingBankofChina,H.OUSD720,000.00forbuyer’scredit（买方信贷）（80%）3yearsafterissuingdateChapter3instrumentsCheckanunconditionalorderinwritingbythecustomertoabanksignedbythatcustomerauthorizingthebanktopayondemandasumcertaininmoneytoortotheorderofaspecifiedpersonorbearer.(6)DifferencebetweenacheckandabillofexchangeA.DraweeB.TenorC.Drawer’sliabilities(theprimarilyliableparty)D.AcceptanceChapter3Correspondentbankingrelationship（代理行关系）1.BankorganizationsininternationalsettlementBank’sownorganizationsHeadoffice总行Branches&sub-branches分行&支行Savingoffices储蓄所Overseasnetwork代表处RepresentativeOffice子银行附属银行Subsidiary海外分行（联行）CorrespondentBank代理行2.国际结算业务中的往来银行Branches

3.correspondentbankingrelation代理行关系是指两家不同国籍的银行，相互委托，互为办理国际银行业务所发生的往来关系

建立代理行关系的必要性1、建立代理行是全球经济一体化的要求2、建立代理行是国际贸易发展的要求3、代理行的出现是各国金融法规制约的产物4、代理行的建立可以节约商业银行的外汇开支ServicesprovidedbyCorrespondentbanka.Collectingchecks,draftsandothercreditinstrumentsb.Makingloansorinvestmentsasagentsfortheircustomerbanksc.Makingcreditinvestigationsoffirmsthatborrowintheopenmarketd.Providingbankswithfundsincaseofneed国际结算业务海外联系银行的选择代理行中的非账户行03代理行中的账户行02海外分行（联行）014.建立代理行关系的几个步骤考察资信账户行vs代理行交换控制文件签订代理协议

开立账户控制文件signaturestestkeystermsandconditionsControldocuments交换5.InternationalMoneyTransfer

账户行关系原理授权借记主动贷记共同账户行转账各自账户行转账ABCDRemittingbank汇出行APayingbank汇入行|解付行B资金fundsA在B开户（授权借记debit)

RemittingbankPayingbankIncover,pleasedebitouraccountwithyouGBPaccountcover汇款资金的调拨与偿付thetransferringandreimbursementofremittingproceeds（从事某些活动的收入）Remittingbank汇出行APayingbank汇入行|解付行B资金fundsB在A开户（主动贷记credit)

RemittingbankPayingbankIncoverwehavecreditedyouraccountwithus.USDaccountRemittingbank汇出行APayingbank汇入行|解付行B资金fundsBankC（A行和B行的共同账户行）A行在C行开户Debit（借记）B行在C行开户Credit（贷记）

RemittingbankPayingbankIncoverwehaveauthorizedXYZBank,NewYorktodebitouraccountandcredityouraccountwiththem.

XYZ

bankOpenUSDaccountOpenUSDaccountRemittingbank汇出行APayingbank汇入行|解付行B资金fundsBankC（A行的账户行）A在C开户，借记A贷记入D账户B在D开户，D贷记B在D的账户BankD（B行的账户行）资金funds资金funds资金funds资金fundsChapter3

PaymentmethodsAssellerorbuyer,howtoconsiderthewaytocollectpayment?Safety/SpeedMutualbenefitTradefinance结算方式应具备的条件

1、安全、比较快捷地结清对外贸易中的债权债务。2、须能保证买卖双方的利益都能获得充分照顾。3、应能便于资金融通，即是说，应能使买卖双方(也包括中间商)容易从国际和国内金融市场和商业银行筹措其所需资金。

不同的概念！Paymenttools/instrument（支付工具/票据）----汇票、本票、支票Paymentmethods（支付方式）Paymentmethods=instruments/paymenttools（金融工具）+commercialdocuments（商业单据）+waysofreimbursementsandclearing（偿付和清算方式）Focuson:trader-bankrelationanddifferentrolesinitRemittance（汇付）/collection（托收）/L/C（信用证）分类1remittance（顺汇）and

reverseremittance（逆汇）Remittance顺汇SellerBuyerInstruments/instruction/advicePaymentreverseremittance逆汇SellerBuyerInstruments/instruction/advicepayment分类2商业信用trader’scredit----remittance汇付-----collection托收银行信用bank’scredit----L/C信用证Remittance的含义

顺汇remittance逆汇reverseremittance

汇付remittance托收collection信用证L/C

Paymentmethods1

支付方式1

Remittance汇付（汇款）Remittance

汇付（汇款）1.mainparties主要当事方RemittingBank汇出行

PayingBank解付行RemitterbuyerPayee/BeneficiarysellerSupposeBankofChina,Tianjinwouldbetheremittingbank（汇出行）oftheremittance,theyhave:(1)abranchoffice---BankofChina,London(2)anaccountbank---NationalWestminsterBankLtd.,London(3)acorrespondent---BarclaysBankLtd.,London2.typesofremittance（汇付的形式）电汇T/T信汇M/T票汇D/D票汇D/D运用实例Importer:BCo.HKImporter’sbank:RoyalbankofCanada,HKExporter:ACo.Toronto,CanadaExporter’sbank:RoyalbankofCanada,Toronto,CanadaExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofACo.CanadatheSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToRoyalbankofCanadaForRoyalbankofCanadaToronto,CanadaHK(signature)3种方式的比较FormAuthentication(真实性证明方式）SafetyCostSpeed汇款(汇付）三种类型特征比较电汇信汇票汇成本费用较高较低较低安全性较高较低较低汇款速度最快捷在途时间长比较灵活适用范围时间紧迫的款项少时间不急的款项Remittance3种方式的比较T/TM/TD/DTelex/SWIFTmailDemanddrafttestkeysignaturesignaturesafeNotassafeasT/TNotassafeasT/Thigherlowerlowestfastestslowerslowest(negotiable)

3.汇付的运用原则特征基本的结算方式以商业信用为基础风险大资金负担不平衡手续简便，费用低

3.汇付的运用原则良好的客户关系较小的金额预付货款/尾款

Paymentmethods2

支付方式2

collection托收Collection

托收1.mainparties主要当事方RemittingBank托收行

CollectingBank代收行Drawer委托人seller

Drawee付款人buyer2.typesofcollection（托收的种类）DocumentsagainstPayment(D/P)付款交单（即期/远期汇票）DocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A)承兑交单（远期汇票）3.托收业务流程D/P

drawersalescontractdrawee

sellerbuyer

remittingbank

collectingbank

⑴发货⑶托收委托⑹付款拨头寸⑷提示⑸付款⑵托收申请⑺结汇D/PT/R的托收方式T/R:trustreceipt（信托收据）代收行对进口商的融资URC522UniformRulesforCollection,ICCPublicationNo.522;whichcameintoeffecton1Jan.,1996

4.托收当事方关系

drawerdrawee

sellerbuyer

remittingbankcollectingbank委托代理委托代理CollectionorderCollectioninstructionCoveringletterP995.DraftundercollectionComparesampledraftP92(D/D,remittance)andP108(D/P,collection)What’sthedifference?DraftundercollectionDrawer:exporterDrawee:importerPayee:exporter’sbank（代收）制作托收项下的汇票(1)Importer:BCo.HKImporter’sbank:RoyalbankofCanada,HKExporter:ACo.Toronto,CanadaExporter’sbank:RoyalbankofCanada,Toronto,CanadaExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00Canada,1,Feb.2013AtsightpaytotheorderofRoyalbankofCanada

theSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBCo.HKForACo.Toronto,Canada

(signature)制作托收项下的汇票(2)Importer:BCo.ChongqingImporter’sbank:BankofChina,ChongqingExporter:ACo.SingaporeExporter’sbank:BankofChina,Singapore托收运用案例分析FactoryA委托ChongqingECo.从HongkongBCo.进口设备，ChongqingECo.以D/A60dayssight的方式和HongkongBCo.签约后不久，HongkongBCo.即通过HSBCHK将发货后的全套单据寄往ICBC,Chongqing,但在CollectingOrder上显示的drawee为FactoryA。ICBCChongqing随即将单据以D/A的方式放给FactoryA。当到期日来临，FactoryA无力支付该笔款项。HongkongBCo.一方面通过HSBCHK发电传给ICBC,Chongqing,催促FactoryA付款，一方面直接向ChongqingECo.催款，而这两家重庆企业都以充足的理由拒付。试猜想两家重庆企业拒付的理由并就此纠纷进行分析。6.托收方式的特点

1.商业信用/逆汇2.较汇付方式安全3.较信用证方式操作简便、费用低4.资金、风险负担不平衡TopicfordiscussionAsseller,wouldyouliketochooseFOBorCIFundercollection?7.托收的风险及防范

1.出口商面临的风险进口商信用风险代收行信用风险进口国的政治风险、法律风险操作风险、地域风险出口商的风险防范

（1）调查进口商资信（2）合理控制交易金额（3）选择合适的价格条款（4）慎重选择代收行（5）及时了解进口国的政治、经济动态（6）尽量以物权凭证作为跟单托收的附随单据8.Tradefinanceunder

remittanceandcollection

-------factoring（保理）

RisksunderO/A(openaccount赊账)D/A出口保理商exportfactor

进口保理商importfactorsellerbuyer双保理模式Importfactor:risks---evaluatingimporter’screditstatus---setacreditapprovalforexporter---managethesalesledger----makepaymentincaseofdishonor(notofdisputesinqualityofthegoods)

Exportfactor:financing出口保理Turnyourinvoicesintoimmediatecash!Youdon’tincurdebit,thisisnotaloan!Growyourbusinesswiththeincreasedcashflow!Invoicetoday,getpaidtodayupto80%!Theother20%ispaidtoyou,lessourfee,whenyourcustomerpaystheinvoice.Factoring运用实例ACo.USD1,000,000.00exportperyear4lotsshipmentPayment:T/T90daysafterarrivalofgoodsCreditapproval:USD250,000.00（每90天用25万，1年满足1百万总量）保理费用进口保理费（5‰-9‰）USD5000-9000出口保理费（1‰-5‰）USD1000-5000融资利息（6%）USD60000费用总计USD69000预计可规避的人民币对美元升值风险：（以年升值3%计）USD7500Paymentmethod(3)LetterofCreditDocumentaryCredit（跟单）信用证PaymentmethodsRemittanceCollection

trader’screditWhataretherisksininternationaltradesettlement?Concerningabouttrader’scredit?risks-----distance(goods/shipment)-----creditstatus-----market-----rules/regulation(foreignexchangecontrol)-----differentlegalsystemToreducevariousriskswiththehelpofthebank,boththesellerandthebuyertransferthetrader’srisktobank’sriskL/C--------likeabridgeovertheriveroftheinternationaltrade1.DefinitionInsimpleterms,aletterofcreditisaconditionalbankundertakingofpayment.(ICCPublicationNo.415)UCP600definitionmeansanyarrangement,howevernamedordescribed,thatisirrevocableandtherebyconstitutesadefiniteundertakingoftheissuingbanktohonoracomplyingpresentation.(ICCUniformCustomsandpracticefordocumentarycredits)(UCP600)跟单信用证统一惯例Buyer(Applicant)advisingbankSeller(Beneficiary)

Issuingbank3.AdviseL/C3.SendingL/CSWIFT,Tlx,mailSalescontract2.ApplicationForL/C2(1).Procedureforissuingofletterofcredit1.ShippingGoodsBuyer(Applicant)negotiatingbankSeller(Beneficiary)

Issuingbank4.Documents3.Payment2.Documents5.Payment6.Payment7.Documents2(2).ProcedureforsettlementofletterofcreditApplytoopenL/C1.Tofillapplicationofopenacredit2.Tosignsecurityagreementbetweentheapplicantandtheissuingbank.Margins:advancedepositLineofcreditThirdpartyguaranteeWhatistheissuingbank’sresponsibilityinopeningtheL/C?Investigation（调查该笔信用证贸易背景）Evaluation（对公司财务、收支状况进行评估，制定保证金额度）formsofL/CissuingBymailBytelex/cableBySWIFT+Coveringletter（面函）ResponsibilityoftheadvisingbankcheckauthenticationoftheissuingL/C------Signature------TestkeycheckthetermsandtheconditionsofL/CBuyer(Applicant)advisingbank(transferringbank)Seller(Beneficiary)Issuingbank+ConfirmingbankSendingL/COtherpartiesinvolvedinletterofcredit

issuingbanknegotiatingbank

Payment

Otherpartiesinvolvedinletterofcredit

Reimbursementbank(A/Cbank)RemitfundsOpenaccount/instructionPaymentmethod

LetterofCreditDocumentaryCredit（跟单）信用证DefinitionforL/CInsimpleterms,aletterofcreditisaconditionalbankundertakingofpayment.(ICCPublicationNo.415)3.CharacteristicsofL/C

信用证的特征

独立抽象原则

TheindependenceandabstractionprincipleTheindependenceandabstractionprinciple(1)banksdealwithdocumentsandnotwithgoods.ExampleAcreditstipulatedthat50%ofcreditamountwillbepaidagainstthepresentationofcomplyingdocuments,andtheremaining50%willbepaidonarrivalofgoodsatdestinationwhichwerecorrespondedwiththedescriptionofgoodsinL/C.Istheabovecreditacceptable?Theindependenceorabstractionprinciple(2)银行忽略信用证以外的其他合同ContractualArrangementunderL/C1.theS/C(beneficiaryandapplicant)2.theL/Capplication(applicantandissuingbank)3.L/C(issuingbankandbeneficiary)ContractualArrangementunderL/C

beneficiaryapplicantIssuingbankTheindependenceorabstractionprinciple(2)L/C独立于其他合同A公司向B公司出口一批货物，S/C规定8月份装船，后开立的L/C规定装期为8月15日前，A公司要求延长装期到9月15日前，B公司电话告知同意该装期。A公司9月10日装船，5天后将L/C规定单据交议付行，但议付行以单证不符拒绝议付。议付行做法是否回理？example尼日利亚银行开来信用证Negotiationshouldbeeffectedunderthefundingoftheapplicantuponouradvicetoyou.是否违背独立抽象原则？Theindependenceorabstractionprinciple(3)

银行的独立付款责任A公司向B公司出口一批货物，B公司通过X银行开给A公司一张信用证，当A公司在货物装船后持全套货运单据向银行办理议付时，B公司倒闭，此时a.X银行有权推迟付款，时间由A、C协商b.X银行可以以B公司倒闭为由拒绝付款c.X银行仍应承担付款责任d.A公司应作为破产债权人参加到破产清算中Remittance:银行不受理单据（D/D项下可制作汇票但交与buyer自行处理）

buyer

seller

remittingbankpayingbank

委托银行付款受托付款ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofACo.CanadatheSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToRoyalbankofCanadaForRoyalbankofCanadaTorontoHK

(signature)ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofACo.Canada(seller)theSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToRoyalbankofCanadaForRoyalbankofCanadaTorontoHK(payingbank)(remittingbank)

(signature)Collection:seller自制单据交付银行，银行受委托D/PorD/A

seller

buyer

remittingbankcollectingbank

根据需要及约定制单交单受托寄单（不审单）ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofAbanktheSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBCo.ForCCo.

(signature)ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofAbank(remittingbank)theSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBCo.ForCCo.(buyer)(seller)

(signature)L/C:beneficiary根据信用证制单交付银行，银行寄单

beneficiaryapplicant

negotiatingbankissuingbank根据信用证制单交单根据信用证审单寄单ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofAbank(negotiatingbank)theSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBbank.ForCCo.(issuingbank)(beneficiary)

(signature)3种支付方式下汇票当事方比较remittanceCollection

L/Cdrawerremittingbank(buyer’sbank)sellerbeneficiarydraweepayingbankbuyerissuingbankpayeesellerRemittingbank(seller’sbank)negotiatingbank4.ContentofL/C(1)

信用证的内容A.mainpartiesApplicantAdvisingbankOrNegotiatingbank?Beneficiary

Issuingbank4.ContentofL/C(1)

a.mainpartiesTheL/CisissuedbyAinfavorofBonaccountofC.issuingbankbeneficiaryapplicant

4.ContentofL/C(1)

信用证的内容A.mainpartiesB.4importantdates----L/Cissuingdate（开证日期）----Expirydate（效期）----Latestshipmentdate（最迟装运期）----Presentationperiod（交单期）4.ContentofL/C(2)DocumentsrequirementShipmentstipulationL/Cpresentationperiod/expirydate

Ifthelatestshipmentdateis5thJuneandthepresentationperiodis10daysaftershipment,theexpiryplaceisinthebeneficiary’scountry,theexpirydateoftheL/Cshouldbea.10thJuneb.20thJunec.15thJuned.25thJuneDraftandL/CDraft:FinancialinstrumentL/C:PaymentmethodsDocumentsinpaymentmethodsfinancialinstrumentscommercialdocuments5、信用证的种类（一般分类）

freelynegotiable对议付的规定restrictednegotiable

revocable

（UCP600已取消）开证行的保证性质

irrevocableL/C

confirmedL/C有无第三方付款保证

unconfirmedL/CNormaltypesL/C

(availability按资金可使用方式)a.议付信用证negotiationL/C----usuallywithsightdraft----claimonissuingbank----negotiatingbank:withrecoursetobeneficiary1.Shippin