Unit 4 Words and expressions 单词讲解课件 【教材精讲精研】高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

SPACEEXPLORATIONKEYWORDSarguefor...

为……而争论，(赞成……)argueagainst争辩(反对……)arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.与某人争辩某事【词性变形】argument

n.争论，争辩；论点arguable

adj.

可论证的;有论据的;无把握的argumentativeadj.好争论的;爱辩论的【拓展用法】o/outofdoingsth.说服某人做(不做)某事It’sbeyondargumentthat

无可争辩的是……argue

vt.&vi.争论;争辩;论证argue

vt.&vi.争论;争辩;论证表示“说服……做……”的其他表达形式。①persuadesb.todosth.

②odoingsth.③convincesb.todosth.

④odoingsth.联想归纳1.试译：她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。argue

vt.&vi.争论;争辩;论证Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.2.介词填空①Heargued________smoking，andinsistedthatitwas_______argumentthatsmokingwasharmfultohealth.②Myyoungersisterthinksshecanargueherfather________increasinghermonthlypocketmoney.③Guncontrolisasubject________whichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.againstbeyond

intoabout

adj.好奇的becuriousabout对…好奇

becurioustodosth.好奇做某事【词性变形】

满足某人的好奇心__________________________

唤起某人关于…的好奇心__________________________

出于好奇心__________________________好奇地__________________________

curioussatisfyone’scuriosityarouseone’scuriosityabout…outofcuriositywithcuriosity=curiouslyvt.查明;确定;决定【词性变形】determinedadj.有决心的,意志坚定的determinationn.

决定,确定withdetermination坚定地决心做某事:determinedeterminetodosth.[强调动作]

bedeterminedtodosth.[强调状态]adeterminedlook坚定的眼神determine1.(2019·天津高考)Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.2.(P40)However，somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace._____________tohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace,somescientistsdevotealltheirenergiesto…3.Makecontinuedand______________effortstofindcasesofCOVID-19.Determineddeterminedvt.&n.发射；发起；上市①Theenemylaunchedanattackagain._______________②ThenewmodelwillbelaunchedinJuly._______________③Chinawilllaunchanothersatelliteintospace._____________④TheofficiallaunchdateisinMay._____________launch发起,发动（活动）（新产品）推出；上市；发行（航天器）发射上市，发行n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行①Anewsatellitehasbeenputintoorbitaroundtheearth.____②Youshouldcomewithinhisorbit.________③Theearthtakeayeartoorbitthesun.__________orbit轨道势力范围环绕……运行n.跳跃;剧增;剧变v.跳过;跃过(leapt--leapt[lept];leaped--leaped)leap三思而后行________________________匆忙下结论…;贸然断定…________________________赶紧站起来________________________

look

beforeyouleapjump/leaptotheconclusionthat…

leaptoone’sfeetadj.失望的；沮丧的disappointeddisappointvt.使失望disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn.失望；沮丧；令人失望的事(或人)n.渴望;欲望vt.

渴望;期望

【词性变形】

desirable

adj.令人满意的;值得要的

desired

adj.渴望的;想得到的

desiretodo

渴望做……

desirethat..希望(从句中用shoulddo结构,should可以省略)

adesireforsth. 渴望…

desiresignal[to]sb.todosth.示意某人做某事trafficsignals:交通信号灯闯红灯

_____________________区分形近词：sign[saɪn]:v.签署;签字n.标志;迹象;招牌;指示牌sigh[saɪ]:v.叹息;叹气n.叹息;叹气sight[saɪt]:n.看见;视力;视野signalrun/jumptheredlightcarryon

(P41)Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.carryon继续做，坚持干=continuetodocarryonsth.carryonwithsth.carryondoingsth.onboard(P41)ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard,providingacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace.在宇宙飞船上在火车上在船上在飞机上黑板董事会◆形近词语·broadadj.宽的；广阔的·abroadadv.在国外；到国外atabroad在国外goabroad去国外recycleInspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.n.___________回收利用；循环使用

re-(动词前缀)+cycle(词根)→recyclenew

adj.新的→renewv.使更新；重新开始placev.放；置→replacevt.取代；放回movev.移动→removevt.移开；挪走

usevt.使用→reusevt.再利用

buildv.建；建造→rebuildv.重建

re-+adj.___________可再循环的；可回收利用的

recyclablerecyclingrecyclingsystem回收系统Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspacedueto

thelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,wichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.

（a）lackof缺少forlackof因为缺乏……lacksth.缺乏……belackingin缺乏……（adj.）lacklack①n.缺乏；短缺（通常用单数）②vt.没有；缺乏（不用于被动）lackingadj.没有，匮乏，不在场（in）beyondSendingpeopletootherplanetsoreven

beyond

thesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal________________(achieve).

toachievebeyondprep.

在......较远的一边

超出(时间，数量，水平，范围）除......以外（否/疑问句）

adv.再更远处，更往后 beyond常用词快beyond[one’s]comprehension超出某人理解能力beyondcompare无与伦比beyondrepair:无法修复without/beyonddoubt毫无疑问;的确beyondexpression无法形容，表达不出beyond/above/outofone’sreach:在摸/够/拿不到的地方Itisbeyondsbthat/why…:使某人无法理解/想象…eg:It'squitebeyondmewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.figureout弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白;计算动词+out:carryout执行，履行

giveout用完,耗尽,分发makeout看清,听清,理解

pickout精心挑选，辨别出setout出发动身,开始工作sortout整理，把…安排好workout解决,计算,锻炼身体,成功发展blockout挡住[光线/声音]tryout测试,实验sufficientadj.足够的；充足的sufficiencyn.足够；充分sufficientlyadv.

足够地；充分地短语识记besufficientfor对……来说是足够的besufficienttodosth.足够做某事observe

1.observesb._____(do)sth.看到…做了某事(全过程)_____(do)sth.看到…正在做某事_____(do)sth.看到某人被…在被动语态中，不定式todo中的to要还原dodoingdone[主动][被动]1.WhenIpassedhishouse，Iobservedhim________(play)inhisyard.2.Heisoftenobserved__________(cheat)atcards(作弊).3._____________(observe)carefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.4.Weobservetheblackboard________(clean)justnow.5.Whenwedrivebackhometo__________________________(庆祝春节),wemust______________________________(遵守交通规则)．playingtocheatObservecleanedobservetheSpringFestivalobservethetrafficrulesadj.坦率的；直言不讳的be

outspoken

in

…在…方面直言不讳e.g.

She

was

outspoken

in

her

criticism

of

the

plan.

她直言不讳地批评该计划。【构词法】outspoken是由词组speak

out（公开反对）转化而来的合成形容词。类似的adj还有：e.g.

stand

out出色，杰出——

outstanding

adj.杰出的

wear

out用坏，用尽——

outworn

adj.过时的，无用的

cast

out把…赶走，驱逐

——

outcast

adj.被驱逐的，被抛弃的

outspokenvt.尊敬，尊重respect

respectsb.forsth.因某事尊敬某人e.g.

Weallrespecthimforhisbraveryinthewar.

我们都为他在战争中的勇气而尊重他。

Respect

yourself,

or

no

one

else

will

respect

you.

君须自敬，人乃敬之。

show/haverespectforsb.

对…表示尊敬

win/gain/earn

the

respect

of

sb.赢得某人的尊重

e.g.

We

should

show

respect

for

our

parents.

我们应该尊敬我们的父母。n.1）尊敬，尊重respect

outofrespect 出于对…的尊敬

e.g.

Out

of

respect

for

her

family,

the

affair

was

not

reported

in

the

media.

出于对她家人的尊敬，这件事没有被媒体报道

inthisrespect/insomerespects/inallrespects在这方面/某些方面/所有方面

e.g.

Thisproposalisexcellentinallrespects.

这个提议在各个方面都是完美的。n.2）方面；细节；问候（pl）respect【词性变形】respectableadj.值得尊敬的,体面的

Hecamefromaperfectlyrespectablemiddle-classfamily.

respectfuladj.

尊敬人的/有礼貌的

Thechildreninourfamilyarealwaysrespectfultotheirelders.

respectiveadj.各自的；分别的

Theyareeachrecognizedas

specialistsintheirrespectivefields.respect【语法填空】1.Theyhadlittlerespect________theirgrandparents.2.Theprofessor______________(respect)forhiswideknowledgeofall.3.Thenewhouseisinall____________(respect)betterthantheoldone.4.We

hopeour

________________(respect)

president

will

payattention

to

our

suggestions.

5.Wewerebroughtuptobe_____________(respect)toauthority.forisrespectedrespectsrespectablerespectfulvi.争论；争辩argue

1.

arguewithsbaboutsth.关于某事和……争论

e.g.

It’snousearguingwithhimaboutthequestionforhewon’tchangehismind.

跟他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变他的想法。

2.

arguefor/againststh.

争论支持/反对…

e.g.

I

argued

for

the

plan

while

my

elder

sister

argued

against

it.

我赞成这个计划，而我的姐姐反对它。vt.主张，认为；说服argue

1.argue

sb.

into

/

out

of

doing...说服某人做…/不做某事

e.g.

We

try

to

argue

him

out

of

going

on

such

a

dangerous

journey.

我们努力说服他不要去进行如此危险的旅行。

n.argument

争论beyondargument毫无争议的n.娱乐；款待[U]；（具体的）娱乐表演[C]entertainment

e.g.

A

movie

theater

is

a

place

of

entertainment.

电影院是公共娱乐场所。

e.g.

The

local

entertainments

are

listed

in

the

newspaper.

报纸上登有本地的娱乐表演节目。vt.

entertain娱乐；招待

entertain

oneself自娱自乐adj.

entertaining令人愉悦的v.聚集；涌入crowd

e.g.

He

managed

to

crowd

into

the

bus.

crowd

in想法、问题涌上心头

e.g.

Memoriescrowdedinhismind.回忆涌上他的心头。

crowded

adj.拥挤的vt.①鼓舞；激励；启发思考，赋予灵感inspireinspire

sb

to

do

…鼓励某人做某事

（encourage

sb

to

do…

e.g.

①The

teacher

inspires

his

students

to

give

their

opinions

actively.

这位老师鼓励学生们在课堂上积极发表自己的观点。

②The

beautiful

scenery

inspired

the

composer.

美丽的风景给了这位作曲家灵感。vt.②使产生…inspire

sb

with

sth

=

inspire

sth

in

sb使某人产生…感觉/情感e.g.

What

my

father

said

inspired

me

with

a

love

of

learning.

=

What

my

father

said

inspired

a

love

of

learning

in

me.

父亲的一番话激起了我对学习的热爱。inspireinspiring

adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的inspired

adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的inspiration

n.

[U]灵感；[C]鼓舞人心的人或事【词性变形】vt.①支持，拥护supportsupport

sb

in

sth在某方面支持某人e.g.

They

support

each

other

in

their

study.

他们在学习上互相扶持。

support

a

family

=

raise

a

family养家vt.②抚养，赡养；养活；支撑support

oneself自食其力e.g.

I

will

support

myself

after

graduation

from

university.

大学毕业后我要自食其力。n.支持；拥护supportin

support

of

…支持…

(作表语/定语）e.g.

Only

a

few

people

spoke

in

support

of

the

proposal.

只有几个人表示支持这一提议。

【词性变形】supporter

n.支持者；拥护者supportive

adj.同情的；支持的；给予帮助的vi.谈到；查阅；参考referreferto1.提到；谈及；说起

Ipromisednottorefertothematteragain.

2.描述；涉及；与…相关Thisparagraphreferredtotheeventsoflastyear.

3.查阅；参考；征询

Youmayreferto

a

dictionaryifyouwant.

referreferto

sb.

/

sth.

as…把…称作

e.g.

She

always

refers

to

her

son

as

“

a

little

monkey”.

她总是称她儿子为“一个淘气的小猴子”。referencen.参考书目

e.g.

Thereisalistofreferencesattheendofeachchapter.偶然遇见；碰见=

run

across

=

meet

by

chance

come

acrosse.g.

I

came

across

some

mistakes

when

I

was

looking

through

your

paper.

我在看你的论文时偶然发现了几处错误。[短语归纳]come相关短语：comeaboutcomeout

comeupcomeupwithsth发生=

happen出现；开花；出版或发表升起；出现；被提出提出（办法、建议）；找到（答案）n.比率；速度rateat

a

/

the

rate

of

...以…比率/速度e.g.

During

the

epidemic,

smallandmedium-sizedenterprises

are

disappearing

at

the

rate

of

roughly

two

per

week.

疫情期间，中小企业正以大约每周两个的速度消失。vt.计划；打算；想要intend1.

intend

doing

/

to

do

…打算/计划做…

e.g.

What

do

you

intend

doing

in

the

new

semester?

新学期你打算怎么做？

2.

intend

sb

to

do

sth打算让某人做某事

e.g.

He

intends

his

son

to

take

over

his

business.

他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。3.

be

intended

for

…是为…而准备的；专供…使用的（=

be

designed

/

meant

for

…

)

e.g.

This

book

is

intended

for

beginners.这本书是为初学者写的。

vt.计划；打算；想要intend4.

had

intended

to

do

…本打算做某事（未曾实现的意图）

e.g.

I

had

intended

not

to

eat,

but

I

couldn’t

refuse

the

food.

n.

intention意图；目的

an

intention一个意图adj.考虑周到的；体贴的considerate

e.g.

He

is

always

polite

and

considerate

to/towards

the

old.

他对待老人总是礼貌又体贴。【词性变形】consider

vt.考虑；认为consideration

n.

[U]考虑；关心considerate1.considerdoingsth.考虑某事

e.g.

WouldyouconsiderworkinginNewYorknextyear?2.beconsideredtobe/as...被认为……；被看作……