语言学语言学教程 测试题及答案

1.判断题：Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.正确错误参考答案：错误2.单选题：__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.A.LinguistictheoryB.PracticallinguisticsC.ComparativelinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics参考答案：D3.单选题：Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community参考答案：B4.判断题：Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.正确错误参考答案：错误5.填空题：Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts._____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.参考答案：langue6.判断题：TheconventionalnatureoflanguageisillustratedbyafamousquotationfromShakespear’splayRomeoandJuliet:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”.正确错误参考答案：正确7.填空题：LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s_______参考答案：competence8.判断题：Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.正确错误参考答案：错误9.填空题：Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa_______study.参考答案：diachronic10.填空题：Linguisticsisthe______studyoflanguage.参考答案：scientific11.填空题：Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof_______overwriting.参考答案：speech12.填空题：Modernlinguisticsis_______inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.参考答案：descriptive13.单选题：Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang参考答案：A14.判断题：F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.正确错误参考答案：错误15.单选题：__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole参考答案：A16.判断题：Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.正确错误参考答案：错误17.单选题：Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness参考答案：C【quiz2phonology】测试总分：18分【jenny1027】的测试概况：(得分：18分)1.填空题：Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating_______参考答案：minimalpairs2.填空题：Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthecoming______fromthelungs.参考答案：airstream3.判断题：Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintolongvs.shortortensevs.lax.正确错误参考答案：正确4.判断题：InEnglish,allthebackvowelsarerounded.正确错误参考答案：错误5.填空题：InEnglishthereareanumberof_________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.参考答案：diphthongs6.填空题：Accordingtothefeatureofvoicing,consonantsoundscanbeeither____or____,whileallvowelsoundsare____.参考答案：voicedvoicelessvoiced7.单选题：Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice参考答案：A8.单选题：Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]参考答案：A9.判断题：InEnglish,allthefrontvowelsandthecentralvowelsareunrounded.正确错误参考答案：正确10.单选题：Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?A.AcousticphoneticsB.ArticulatoryphoneticsC.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove参考答案：B11.单选题：Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant参考答案：B12.填空题：Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout______.参考答案：obstruction13.判断题：Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.正确错误参考答案：正确14.判断题：[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.正确错误参考答案：错误15.判断题：Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.正确错误参考答案：错误16.单选题：Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?A.[i:]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]参考答案：B【quiz3Morphology】1.填空题：Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes:______and______.参考答案：derivationalmorphemesinflectionalmorphemes2.填空题：______isareverseprocessofderivation,andthereforeisaprocessofshortening.参考答案：Back-formation3.单选题：Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:prefix,suffixand__________.A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffixC.infixD.back-formation参考答案：C4.单选题：Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__________.A.contentwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.functionwordsD.formwords参考答案：A5.填空题：______isextremelyproductive,becauseEnglishhadlostmostofitsinflectionalendingsbytheendoftheMiddleEnglishperiod,whichfacilitatedtheuseofwordsinterchangeablyasverbsornouns,verbsoradjectives,andviceversa.参考答案：Conversion6.单选题：__________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.A.affixationB.back-formationC.insertionD.addition参考答案：B7.填空题：Asmallsetofconjunctions,prepositionsandpronounsbelongto______class,whilethelargestpartofnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongto______class.参考答案：closedopen8.单选题：Thewordslikesmogandmotelareformedby__________.A.blendingB.clippingC.back-formationD.acronymy参考答案：A9.单选题：InEnglish–iseand–tionarecalled__________.A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixesD.stems参考答案：B10.填空题：Awordformedbyderivationiscalleda______,andawordformedbycompoundingiscalleda______.参考答案：derivativecompound11.单选题：ThewordDINKisformedinthewayof__________.A.acronymyB.clippingC.compoundingD.blending参考答案：A12.单选题：Thereare__________morphemesintheworddenationalization.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six参考答案：C13.单选题：Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________morpheme.A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational参考答案：A【quiz4-syntax】1.填空题：Wordswhichintroducethesentencecomplementaretermed______参考答案：complementizers2.判断题：Minorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.正确错误参考答案：错误3.填空题：______is"asyntacticunitthatfunctionsaspartofalargerunitwithinasentence"参考答案：Constituent4.填空题：Therearetwolevelsofsyntacticstructures.Thefirst,formedbytheXPruleinaccordancewiththehead’ssub-categorizationproperties,iscalled______.Thesecond,correspondingtothefinalsyntacticformofthesentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformations,iscalled______.参考答案：deepstructuresurfacestructure5.填空题：Inflistheshortformof______,anabstractcategorywhichindicates______and______.参考答案：inflectiontenseagreement6.填空题：Majorlexicalcategoriesplayaveryimportantroleinsentenceformation.Theydifferfromminorlexicalcategoriesinthattheyareoften______assumedtobethearoundwhichphrasesarebuilt.参考答案：heads7.判断题：InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.正确错误参考答案：错误8.判断题：Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.正确错误参考答案：正确9.填空题：______istheinversionoperationinvolvingthemovementofawordfromtheheadpositioninonephraseintotheheadpositioninanotherphrase.参考答案：headmovement10.填空题：Sentencehead----______positioncanbetakenbyan______oranabstractcategoryencodedinaverbwhichindicatesthesentence’s______.参考答案：Inflauxiliarytense11.填空题：Syntaxis______thatstudieshowwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesandthe______theformationofsentences.参考答案：abranchoflinguisticsrulesthatgovern12.判断题：Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.正确错误参考答案：正确13.判断题：Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.正确错误参考答案：正确14.判断题：Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.正确错误参考答案：正确15.填空题：theXPrule(revised):XP-->______+______+______参考答案：(Specifier)X(Complement*)16.填空题：Wh-movement:Moveawh-phrasetothepositionunderCP.参考答案：specifier【quiz5semantics】1.填空题：_______oppositesmaybeseenintermsofdegreesofthequalityinvolved.参考答案：Gradable2.单选题：Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas________.A.+human,+male,-adultB.+human,-male,-adultC.+human,+male,+adultD.+human,-male,+adult参考答案：C3.填空题：_______analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.参考答案：componential4.单选题：Awordwithseveralmeaningiscalled___________.A.anabnormalwordB.apolysemicwordC.asynonymouswordD.Noneoftheabove参考答案：B5.单选题：Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“flower/tulip”?A.PolysemyB.HomonymyC.HyponymyD.Antonymy参考答案：C6.填空题：Thesemanticcomponentoftheword_______are+Human,+Adult,+male,-Married.参考答案：bachelor7.填空题：Accordingtothe“semantictriangle”presentedbyOgdenandRichards,thesymbolor_______referstothelinguisticelements(words,sentences,etc.),the_______referstotheobjectintheworldofexperienceandthethoughtorreferencereferstoconcept.参考答案：formreferent8.单选题：Wecalltherelationbetween“animal”and“cow”as___________.A.polysemyB.antonymyC.homophonyD.hyponymy参考答案：D9.单选题：Whichdescriptionofcomponentialanalysisfortheword“woman”isright?A.+human,-adult,-maleB.+human,+adult,-maleC.+human,+adult,+maleD.+human,-adult,+male参考答案：B10.单选题：Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“rose/tulip”?A.polysemyB.hyponymyC.homophonyD.co-hyponyms参考答案：D11.单选题：Thepairofwords“wide/narrow”arecalled__________.A.gradableoppositesB.complementaryantonymsC.co-hyponymsD.relationalopposites参考答案：A12.单选题：Thepairofwords“borrow/lend”arecalled__________.A.relationaloppositesB.synonymsC.complementariesD.gradableopposites参考答案：A【quiz6Pragmatics】1.单选题：Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.A.referenceB.speechactC.practicalusageD.context参考答案：D2.单选题：AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis______.A.togetthehearertodosomethingB.tocommitthespeakertosomething’sbeingthecaseC.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionD.toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs参考答案：B3.填空题：A(n)_______actistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.参考答案：locutionary4.单选题：Asentenceisa_________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A.pragmaticB.grammaticalC.mentalD.conceptual参考答案：B5.填空题：A(n)_______actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.参考答案：illocutionary6.填空题：Therearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple:themaximof_______,themaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthemaximofmanner.参考答案：quantity7.判断题：Themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent正确错误参考答案：错误8.填空题：_______weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.参考答案：Performatives9.判断题：Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.正确错误参考答案：正确10.单选题：Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted,_______mightarise.A.impolitenessB.contradictionsC.mutualunderstandingD.conversationalimplicatures参考答案：D11.判断题：Themeaningofanutteranceisdecontexualized,thereforestable.正确错误参考答案：错