2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题05-形容词和副词和比较等级

2020年高考英语语法专项突破专题五形容词和副词+比较等级重难点分析形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点，命题形式一般是用所给词语的适当形式填空若是需要填more,most或fewer,less,least时，可能也会不给出原级。系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom,even,enough,never,hardly也是高考的热点之一。一、形容词和副词在句中的作用形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。如：Englishisausefullanguage.英语是一门有用的语言。(作定语)Englishisuseful.英语很有用。(作表语)IfindEnglishuseful.我觉得英语很有用。(作补语)副词在句中作做状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语，或者整个句子。如：Hewalkedquicklyinordertogetthereontime他为了按时到达那里，走得很快。(修饰动词walked)Hewalkedveryquickly他走得很快。Obviously.Ibelievewecanwinit.显然，我相信我能够赢得胜利。二、形容词和副词的比较等级形容词副词的规则变化。一般在词尾直接加er或est。如：long—longer—longest。以不发音的字母e结尾的，在词尾直接加r或st。如：nice—nicer—nicesto以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变为i,再加er或est。如：heavy—heavier—heaviest。以“一个元音字母+—个辅音字母"结尾的重读音节，双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加er或esto如：big—bigger—biggest。部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。如：slowly—moreslowly—mostslowly；beautiful—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful。形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。表示相等：as+原级+as表示不如：notas/so+原级+as表示超出：比较级+than表示"最”：the+最高级+of/in短语(表示比较的范围)注意：除了“the+最高级”外，最高级还有其他的表达方式。如：否定词never等与比较级连用；比较级+thananyother+名词单数；比较级+thananyoftheother+名词复数；比较级+thananyoneelse等。如：Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice她唱得多好听呀！我从没听过比这更好的声音。表示"越……越……”：the+比较级，the+比较级表示"越来越”：比较级+and+比较级表示“与其......不如......”：more...than...the+比较级特指两个人或者连个食物中较为突出的一个。Ifthemanagerhadtochooseoneofthetwo,hewouldsayTimwasthebetterchoice.如果说经理一定得从这两个人中选择一个，他会说Tim是更好的选择。倍数的表达法：A+be+倍数as+计量形容词原级+asBThishouseisthreetimesaswideasthatone.这个房子是那个房子的三倍宽。A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+thanBThecarisexactlyfivetimesmoreexpensivethanthatone这辆车比那本恰好贵5倍。A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+ofBThenewlibraryisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone新的图书馆是以前的四倍大。The+计量名词+ofA+be+倍数+thatofBThesizeofthenewsquareisfourtimesthatofthepreviousone新广场为以前的四倍大。三、形容词、副词原级及比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as+原级+asThetraintravelsasfastasthe3:55train.这列车和3:55的列车开得一样快。as+原级+a/an+名词单数+asHeisashonestamanasyou.他和你一样是个诚实的人。asmany+可数名词复数+as；asmuch+不可数名词+asIhaveasmanybooksasyou.我和你一样有许多书。倍数+as+原级+as+名词Myroomistwiceasbigasmybrother's.我的房间是我兄弟的两倍大。不及notas+原级+asSheisnotasbeautifulashersister.她不如她妹妹漂亮。超越比较级+thanHealthismoreimportantthanwealth.健康比金钱重要。the+比较级+ofthetwo两者中较••••••的一个Heisthetallerofthetwo.他是两者中较咼的一个。否定no+比较级+than和……一样不Heisnoricherthan1.他和我一样不富有。not+比较级再......不过(可译为"非常、十分")Hisworkcouldn'tbeworse.他的工作糟得不能再糟了。程度递增-erand-er,moreandmore+多音节词越来越……higherandhigher越来越高moreandmoreimportant越来越重要两种情况同时变化the+比较级,the+比较级越......，越......Thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe'llbeabletoleave.你越快准备好，我们就能越早离开。三者或三者以上比较the+最咼级+of/in+比较范围……之中最……Theyhavegotsomeofthemostbeautifulthingsintheworld.他们这儿拥有一些世界上最美的东西。注意：nomore(...)than与notmore(...)than的用法在英语里面有很多短语都有其约定俗成的用法和意思，不能按其字面意思去理解，象这样的短语有很多，这里先把大家觉得比较头疼的nomore(...)than与notmore(...)than的用法解释清楚，希望对大家有所帮助：不用于比较，后接数词时，nomorethan意为“仅仅、只不过、只有”(=only),而notmorethan意为"至多、不超过”(=atthemost)。如：Therearenomorethanfifteeneggsinthebasket.篮子里只有15个鸡蛋。(暗指15个鸡蛋太少)Therearenotmorethanfifteeneggsinthebasket.篮子里至多有15个鸡蛋。(暗指可能少于15个)用于两者的比较时，“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”是对两者的否定，相当于neither...nor..。如：Thisstoryisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.(=Neitherthisstorynorthatoneisinteresting.)这个故事和那个故事一样没趣。“not+形容词或副词比较级+than”是普通的比较级结构，表示前者不如后者，相当于notas/so...as...。如:Thisstoryisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.(=Thisstoryisnotas/sointerestingasthatone.)这个故事不如那个故事有趣。四、比较结构的修饰语

1用于原级之前almost,nearly,just,quite,half,twice,threetimes等Theriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.这条河是那条河是三倍长。2用于比较级前many,afew（用于"more+可数名词复数”前）Ittakesmanymorehourstogotherebytrainthanbyplane.坐火车去那里比坐飞机要花多好多个小时。alot,much,even,still,far,agreatdeal,rather,twoyears,5%,twice等Mydesk-mateisevenfatterthanme.我同桌甚至比我还胖。3用于最高级前thevery,muchthe,byfar,nearly,bynomeans,almost,notreally,thefirst/second等Thiscakeisbyfarthelargestintheworld.这个蛋糕是迄今为止世界上最大的。五、两种形式的副词：一个与形容词同形，一个以-ly结尾1hardhardlyhard刻苦地；努力地；猛烈地；费力地Hestudiesveryhard.他学习非常努力。hardly几乎不；简直不Wehardlyhadtimetoeatbreakfast.我们几乎没时间吃早饭。2highhighlyhigh冋冋地；地位冋；声音冋Theplaneflieshigh.飞机飞得很高。highly高度地；非常（常和praise,speak等动词连用）Theyspokeveryhighlyofhim.他们称赞他。3deepdeeplydeep修饰具体动作时,往往两个词可互换，但多用deepTheyhadtodigverydeep/deeplyinordertofindwater•他们必须挖得很深，才能发现水。表示静止状态时只用deep（此时多于介词、副词连用）Themeetingcontinueddeepintothenight.会议持续到了深夜。deeply修饰形容词或过去分词只能用deeplyIamdeeplygratefultoyou.我非常感谢你。deeply可与hate,dislike,regret,admire,love,value等动词连用，但不能与动词like连用Ideeplyregrethisdeath.我对他的去世深感遗憾。4late迟；晚Thebusarrived5minuteslate.公共汽车迟到了五分钟。

latelatelylately最近；不久前(同recently)Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?最近你在做什么？aslateas与aslatelyas都有“近至、直到"之意，用法相同Isawhimatlate/latelyasyesterday.直到昨天我才看见他。5nearnearlynear近；临近；在附近Thetraincamenearerandnearer.火车越来越近了。nearly几乎；差不多；将近Itisnearlytheno'clock.差不多十点钟了。6closecloselyclose靠近；挨近；接近ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.走近点以便我能看清你。closely紧密地；紧紧地；秘密地；仔细地；严密地Wefollowedcloselyafterhim.我们紧紧地跟在他后面。六、以-ly结尾的形容词1表示时间的形容词hourly每小时的，daily每天的，nightly每晚的，weekly每周的，monthly每月的，quarterly每季度的，yearly每年的，early早的，timely及时的；适时的Thistheatrewillgiveanightlyperformance.这个剧院将上演口晚会。2表示人的形容词manly男子气的，womanly女人气的，wifely妻子似的，fatherly父亲般的，childly孩子般的，comradely同志式的Whatarewifelyduties?什么是做妻子的责任？3表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词lovely可爱的，friendly友好的，ugly难看的，lively活泼的，lonely孤独的，unfriendly不友好的，kindly和蔼的，sickly病弱的，poorly贫穷的，elderly年长的，homely朴实的、不漂亮的Childrenareusuallylively.孩子们常常是精力充沛的/活泼的。4表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词likely可能的，orderly整齐的，costly花费大的，deadly致命的，mannerly有礼貌的，chilly冷的，disorderly乱七八糟的，unlikely不可能的Pleaseleaveourclassroominanorderlyway.让我们的教室整整齐齐的。注意:elder与older，这两个词都是形容词old的比较级形式，区别在于：(1)elder指"年长的”,常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼，常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。（2）older指“年纪较大的、较老的、较旧的”，修饰人或物都行。既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于than引导的比较状语从句。如：Myelderbrotheristwoyearsolderthanme.我的哥哥比我年长两岁。七、senior,junior,superior,inferior等词与to连用1能与to连用，但不能与than连用superior优秀的、咼级的（反义词inferior）Thisrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweek.这家饭馆比我们上周去的那家好。senior年长的、地位咼的、资格老的（反义词junior）Sheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany.她在公司里比其他人资格都要老。2既不能与than连用，又不能与to连用的major主要的，minor次要的，表示不太重要或较次要。Theyoungactresswasgivenaminorpartinthenewplay.这年轻的女演员在这部新戏里被分配担任一个小角色。Whatisthemajorindustryofournation?我们国家的主要工业是什么？八、某些以a-开头的表语形容词以a-开头的只能作表语的形容词有afraid,alone,asleep,alive,alike,aware,awake,ashamed等。这类形容词一般都不能用very修饰，但可用much或verymuch等修饰。如：不能说：Iamveryalone.只可以说：Iammuch/verymuchalone.另外，若它们本身带有修饰语，则也可用于名词前作定语。如：thefastasleepchildren熟睡的孩子areallyalivestudent真正活跃的学生九、多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序限定词（冠词/代词）T数词T描绘形容词T大小T形状T新旧T年龄T颜色T国籍T材料+名词。如:asmallroundwoodentable一张小圆木桌anoldChinesestonebridge一座中式老石桥theman'sfirsttwofamoussmallredFrenchoilpaintings这个人的头两幅著名的红色法国小油画注意：enough修饰形容词时，放在被修饰词之后。十、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语常见的此类副词有actually,anyway,interestingly,strangely,eventually,fortunately,luckily,obvious等。如:Obviously,youransweristotallywrong.很明显，你的答案全错了。Interestingly,hewasonlyelevenwhenhecomposedthesonata.有趣的是，他写那一首奏鸣曲时年仅十一岁。考点练透一、单句填空用适当的形容词、副词或用所给词的适当形式填空。Thenumberofthetreesthatthevillagersplantedlastyearreachedasas6,000,000.Therewassosmokethattheycouldn'tseeacrossthehallway.Mylittlebrotherisnotoldtogotoschool.Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucandothanwait.Imustbegettingfat—Icandomytrousersup.Theyarelittleinsectsthatwecannoteasilyseethemwithoureyes.Therewaslittlefoodleftthenthatwehadtoturntothelocalpeopleforhelp.Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuchshewasgetting.Ihaven'tseenthemovieandmybrotherhaven't.Heisalwaystellinglies,soIwillbelievehim.Johnisverylazy.Hefallsbehindinhisstudies.Twopassengersfellintothesea.,neitherofthemcouldswim.WetalkedintothenightandIwasmovedbyhiswords.(deep)IfoundhistalkveryandIwasreallyinit.(interest)Whoisthegreatestpoet(live)?Themorewordsyouknow,the(easy)youcanread.Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels(little)desiretogotobed.Wehavea(month)rainfalloffourinchesinwinterhere.Heisbyfarthe(good)studentinhisclass.Ihavetwobrothersandbothofthemarethanme.Mybrothersarefriendlytome.(old)Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment(late)thatday.Hemustbe(mental)disabled.Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Itmighthavemadeitalittle(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn'tstopthekidsintheclass.“Thatwouldbeavery(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.“Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't(possible)destroyavillage.”Wedranktogetherandtalked(merry)tillfarintothenight..Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”(high).“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe(sweet).”二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。Once,therelivedtwobrothersinalonelyvillage.The1(old)brotherwasmuch2(wise)thantheyounger.Oneday,therewasabighillontheroad,whichwasas3_(heavy)as10tons,blockingtheirway.Howcouldtheymoveittothesideoftheroadsincetherewerenomodernmachinesatthattime?Theelderbrotherchosetogiveinbecauseitwastoo4_(easy)forhimandfoundanotherwaywhichwereabout20kilometersway.Theotherinsistedthatitwouldbe5_(possible)solvedifheremovedit.Theolderonelaughedathim,sayingthathewas6(stupid)thanpersistent.7(final),hismovemovedothers,whohelpedhimsolvetheproblemtogether.Thisstoryremindsusthataslongasweare8(hope)andkeepondoingit,hopewillnotgiveusup.三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China,oneoftheearliestcradlesofcivilizationwithalonghistory,isontheriseontheinternationalstage.Accordingly,1thetraditioninfluencedbyConfucianism(儒家思想)，theChinesepeoplearegenerallyfriendlyand2(unite).Theylovepeaceandareinclinedtogetalongwellwitheachotherinharmony.Atemergency,somepeoplewouldsacrificetheirowninterests,orrather,givethose3needhelpawarmhandattheexpenseoftheirownlife.Chinesepeoplesometimesaremodestandcopewithproblemsin4indirectmanner.Occasionally,Chineseindividualssay"yes”notbecausetheyseeeyetoeyewithothers5outofpolite,whichoftenmakeforeignerspuzzledandinadilemma,since6cannotmakeanaccuratejudgment.Frequently,theysettleamatterinadevious(委婉的)way7(avoid)ahotdebate.Inconclusion,differentcountryhasdifferentcharacteristicsduetotheirrespectivehistories,cultures,geographiesandsoonandpersonalityisjustasmallportion(部分).Eachnation,8itisbigorsmall,strongorweak,should9(respect)andwiththediversityofcivilization,theworldwillbecome10(colorful).助读词汇cradlen.摇篮accordinglyadv.因此respectiveadj.各自的interestsn.利益occasionallyadv.偶尔beinclinedto倾向于inharmony和睦融洽地attheexpenseof以......为代价copewith处理seeeyetoeyewith与......意见相同outofpolite出于礼貌inadilemma处于进退两难的境地参考答案far12