2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题03-代词

2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题三代词重难点分析代词是代替名词或代替起名词作用的短语或句子的词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、指示代词、相互代词和关系代词八种。代词类别例词功能人称主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they作主语代词宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them作宾语物主形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their作定语代词名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs作主语、宾语、表语反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves作宾语、表语、同位语不定代词some,any,no,either,neither,all,none,each,somebody,noone,everybody,much,many,other(s),another等视情况而定，一般可作定、五士、五冷、五竺语、主语、宾債口等疑问代词what,who,whose,whom,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever等可作主语、宾语、定语等指示代词this,that,these,those作主语、宾语、定语、表语相互代词eachother,oneanother作宾语关系代词that,who,whom,whose,which等连接定语从句面举例说明其用法，其中疑问代词见“专题12句子种类”，关系代词见“专题13定语从句”。一、人称代词的用法作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格。如：SheteachesusEnglish.她教我们英语。在句中作表语，常用宾格，但有时用主格。如：—Whoisit?谁呀？—It'sme.是我。ItwasIwhotoldhimaboutit.是我告诉他这件事的。（强调句型）3.it的用法用法说明例句

1作人称代词，指代前面提到的事物Thisisnotmybook.ItisMary's.这不是我的书，是玛莉的。2替代指示代词this或that—What'sthis?这是什么？一It'sadictionary.这是一本字典。—Whosejacketisthat?那是谁的夹克？一Itishers.是她的。3指人—Whoisknockingatthedoor?谁在敲门？一It'sme.是我。Thebabynomorecriedassoonasitsawitsmother.那个婴丿儿一看到他(她)的妈妈就不哭了。4指时间、距离、天气、环境等—What'sthetimenow?现在几点钟？一It'stenpasteight.8:10。It'sgettingcolderandcoldernow.现在变得越来越冷了。It'sabouttenminutes'walkfrommyhometotheschool.从我家至U学校步行大约要十分钟。Itisveryquietatthemoment.目前很安静。5指代前面整个句子的内容Ourteamwonthefootballmatch.Haveyouheardaboutit?我们队赢得了足球赛。你听说了吗？6表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面跟it后再跟从句，其从句作it的同位语Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.如果你冃能帮我一个忙，我将十分感激。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.我不喜欢人们满嘴是食物的时候说话。Ilikeitinautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.我喜欢秋天，那时候的天气晴朗。7（未指明但谈话双方心里都明白的）那件事、那种情况Howisit(=yourlife/yourwork)going?情况怎样？—Doyoulikeithere?你喜欢这里吗？一Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.哦，当然。这里的空气、天气、生活方式一切都是这么的美好。8It还可用作形式主语、形式宾语以代替主语从句、宾语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语等It'simpossibletogetthereintime.及时到达那儿是不可能的。Ifinditstrangethatshedoesn'twanttogo.我发现她不想去，真奇怪。二、物主代词的用法

形容词性物主代词——作定语Thisisourclassroom.这是我们的教室。Hisfatherisanengineer.他父亲是位工程师。2.名词性物主代词所作成分例句主语Thisishercoat.Mineisoverthere.这是她的上衣，我的在那边。宾语Somethinghasgonewrongwithmybike.MayIuseyours?我的自行车出了点毛病，我能用你的吗？表语Thisbookisn'tmine;itsTom's.这本书不是我的，是汤姆的。注意：(1)英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如：Jacktookoffhiscoatandwenttobed.杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。(2)“of+名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.我的一些朋友将出席我的生日聚会三、反身代词的用法所作成分例句1宾语动宾TomtaughthimselfChinese.汤姆自学汉语。介宾Shelovesmeformyself,notformymoney.她喜欢的是我，不是我的钱。2表语Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.她今天有些不舒服。3同位语Imyselfcanrepairthebike.我自己会修自行车。Thetableitselfhasonlythreelegs.这张桌子本身只有三条腿。四、指示代词的用法时空的差别。如：Thereisthisseathere,nearme,orthereisthatoneinthefourthrow.Whichwillyouhave,thisorthat?靠近我的这个座位，还是第四排的那个座位，你选哪一个，这个还是那个？this和that在行文叙述上的差别。如：Ishallsaythistoyou:heisapoorman.我要跟你说的是，他是一个可怜的人。Hewasill.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.他生病了，那就是没来的原因。that和those用于表比较的结构。如：TheweatherofZhangjiangisbetterthanthatofmyhometown.湛江的天气比我家乡的好。TVsetsmadeinNanjingarebetterthanthosemadehere.南京生产的电视机比在这里生产的电视机好。4.打电话时this表示我，that表示你。五、不定代词的用法可数one,each,many,both,another,either,neither,(a)few不可数much,(a)little可数/不可数none,any,other,all,some复合不定代词anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing1.none,noone与nothing的用法区别none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特定概念，常用来回答howmany/much引导的疑问句；noone只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who引导的疑问句；nothing“什么也没有”否定一切，常用来回答what引导的疑问句。如：—Howmanypeoplearethereintheroomnow?现在房间里有多少人？一None.—个人都没有。—Whoisintheroom?谁在房间里？—Noone/Nobody.没有人。—What'sinyourschoolbag?你书包有啥呢？—Nothing.啥都没有。none后面可力口of弓I导的介词短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing/someone/anyone/everyone/noone去却不能。如：Itisnoneofmybusiness!这不关我事。2.each与every的用法区别each强调“个体”具有代词和形容词的作用；every强调“全体”只能作定语。each作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数。不可用noteach来表示部分否定，而用notevery表示部分否定。如：Theticketseachcosttendollars.这些票每张要10美元。(each作同位语)every还可表示“每的、每中的”下列说法中只能用every：everyyearortwo每一两年everynowandthen时常everyotherday每隔一天onecartoevery20people每20人乘一辆车

Chooseoneoutofeverytenboys.每10个男孩中选一个。3.another,other,theother,others与theothers的用法区另U不定代词意义用法说明another再一个，另一个指同类事物中的另一个，用作代词或形容词。如：1don'tlikethiscoat.Showmeanother,please.other另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one以及my,your,his等时，则可与单数名词连用。如:anyotherplant,everyotherdaytheother两者中的另一个常与one连用，构成one...theother...一个另一个；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”others泛指别的人或物是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成some...others...—些另一些theothers特指其余的人或物是theother的复数形式，特指其余的人或物4.both,all,either,any,neither与none的用法区别都任何都不两者botheitherneither两者（以上）allanynone如：IhadtobuyallthesebooksbecauseIdidn'tknowwhichonewasthebest.我不得不把这些书都买下来，因为我不知道哪一本最好。Itiseasytodotherepair.Allyouneedisahammerandsomenails.做这个修理工作很容易你所需要的是一把锤子和一些钉子。IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,butneitherofthemcame.我邀请乔和琳达吃晚饭，但是他们两个一个都没来。—Whichofthethreewaysshalltaketothevillage?三条路中哪一条通往那个村子？—Anywayasyouplease.任何一条都可以。Wehadthreesetsofthegardentoolsbutweseemedtohavenouseforany.我们有三套园艺工具，但是我们没有怎么使用它们。one,ones,theone,theones,that与those的用法区别Jone用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于“/an+单数名词”ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）；theones用来替代前面特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）；that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于“the+单数/不可数名词”如：Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(=apresent)thatIhaveneverseen.张先生给了我一件十分珍贵的礼物，这件礼物是我从未见过的。Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=manypresents)thatIhaveneverseen.张先生给了我许多珍贵的礼物，它们是我从未见过的。Thebookonthedeskisbetterthanthat/theoneunderthedesk.桌子上的那本书比桌子下的那本好。Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk.桌子上的那些书比桌子下的那些好。考点练透一、单句填空用适当的代词填空，使其意思和结构完整。Wecouldn'teatinarestaurantbecauseofushadmoneyonus.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave.Althoughheiswealthy,hespendsonclothes.—CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?—Iamafraiddayispossible.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,youwillhavetopay15dollars.—ShallIsitatthisendoftheboatortheotherend?—Ifyoukeepstill,youcansitatend.Theseplantsarewatered(每两天).Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwithmoneyandpeople.Therearealotoftreesonsideofthesquare.Youwillnotseetheanimalsinwinter.二、完成句子用适当的关系代词或副词填空，使其意思和结构完整。Theweatherwasverysunnythefollowingday,waswhatwehadexpected.Ihavefinishedreadingallthebooksareborrowedfromtheschoollibrary.IsthisthesecondtimeyouhavebeentoGuangzhou?isreportedinthenewspaper,thewarbetweenthetwocountrieshascometoastop.Canyouthinkofanotherexamplethisphrasecanbeused?Thetrainonheistravelingislate.DoyoustillrememberthehappydayswespenttogetherinBeijing?Ihaveboughtthesameskirtsheiswearing.Isthisthereasonheislateagain?Herparentswouldn'tlethermarryanyonefamilywasverypoor.I,amyourbestfriend,willhelpyouout.Thedaywillcomethepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangepeopleandstoriestheymetintheadventure.HeistheverymaninpocketIfoundmylostmoney.Ihaveapicturebyafamouspainterwassenttomeformybirthday.三、语篇填空用适当的代词填空。Oneday,asCarl'swifewasgoingout,herchildbegantocry,beggingtogowith1.“Stayhome,”themothersaidtohim.“When2return,wewillkillapigfor3dinner!”Whenshecameback,4foundCarlpreparingtoslaughter(宰杀)apigforthechild'smeal.Shehurriedovertostop5.“Whatareyoudoing?Youarenotreallygoingtokillapig,areyou?”Iwasjustkiddinghim!“Howcan6lietochildren?”Carlreplied.“7learneachand8movementfrom9parents.If10deceiveyourchildwithlies,youareteachingthechildtolie.Onecannoteducatechildrenthisway.”Intheend,Carlkilledthepig.四、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Asayoungadult,NoahWebsterwasateacher.Atthattime,thecolonies1(fight)forindependencefromBritain.YetthebooksthatAmericanchildrenusedinschoolallcamefromBritain.ThebookswereallaboutBritishpeopleandBritishplaces.Websterwantedbooks2wouldmeanmoretoAmericanchildren's—agrammarbook,aspellingbook,andareader.Thesebookswereverypopular,andmillionsofthem3(sell).Websterwasinterestedinchangingthespellingsofwords.4wantedwordstobespelledthewaytheywerepronounced.Forexample,hethought5word"head”shouldbespelled"hed”，andtheword"laugh”shouldbespelled"laf”.PeoplelikedWebster'ssuggestions.Unfortunately,though,fewwordschangedwerewordsin6anunpronounced“u”followedan“o”.Thatis7Americanswritecolorandlabor,andtheBritishwritecolourandlabour.Withthemoneyhemade8hisbooks,Websterwasabletostartonhisgreatwork.Thisworktookmorethan20yearstowrite.ItwasthefirstAmericanEnglishdictionary,9(publish)in1828.Webster'sdictionaryhadover70,000wordsand10(give)themeaningandoriginofeach.Tothisday,Webster'sworkistheexamplethatmostdictionariesofAmericanEnglishfollow.助读词汇colonyn.殖民地unpronouncedadj.不发音的laborn.劳动dictionaryn.字典；词典originn.起源tothisday至今参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1.none;any2.one3.little4.neither5.another6.either7.ev